在线固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中10种大环内酯类抗生素

建立了在线固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱检测猪肉中10种大环内酯类抗生素残留的方法。样品经过乙腈提取,提取液40℃旋蒸至干后,分析物用2 mL磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,溶解液经在线固相萃取柱(HLB柱)富集净化,甲醇洗脱,然后转移至XBridge BEH C18色谱柱上,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈溶液为流动相进行分离,最后用串联四极杆质谱检测。结果表明,10种大环内酯类抗生素在0.1~200μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.990。方法的检出限范围为0.05~0.30μg/kg,定量限范围为0.10~1.00μg/kg;添加水平为0.10~10.0μg/kg时,方法回收率为69.6%~115.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)10%。该方法可以作为猪肉中大环内酯类抗生素的检测方法。     

阳离子交换在线固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法检测牛奶中14种磺胺药物残留

建立了阳离子交换模式在线固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法检测牛奶中14种磺胺药物方法。取5 g样品用15 mL乙腈提取和除蛋白,提取液于50℃氮气吹干后,用1.00 mL 0.2％甲酸溶解,溶解液通过双三元液相色谱用阳离子在线固相萃取柱在线富集净化,2％氨水甲醇/0.2％甲酸(50：50,V/V)洗脱。然后转移至C18色谱柱上进行分离,再用串联四级杆质谱检测。结果表明,14种磺胺类药物在0.1~10μg/kg含量范围内线性良好(r≥0.999);方法的检出限为0.05μg/kg,定量限为0.1μg/kg;方法回收率在60％~90％范围内,批内和批间相对标准偏差都小于10％。本方法较传统固相萃取柱净化法更简捷、经济和稳定。     

磁性石墨烯分散固相萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水基胶中的双酚A和烷基酚

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)与磁性石墨烯相结合测定水基胶中双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚的方法。样品提取后,以磁性石墨烯分散固相萃取净化,经BEH C18色谱柱分离。分析物的回收率在81.5%～97.9%之间,日间相对标准偏差(RSDs)小于8.0%。所有化合物均获得了良好的线性系数(r≥0.9996),检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)范围分别为3～8μg/kg和10～26μg/kg。采用该方法对20个水基胶实际样品进行检测,仅有1个样品检出4-正壬基酚。该方法可用于测定水基胶中双酚A和4种烷基酚的含量。     

全自动在线涡流固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法直接分析血清中4种雄激素

建立了一种全自动在线涡流固相萃取-液相色谱-质谱联用直接分析血清中4种雄激素的分析方法。50μL血清样品经高速离心后,可直接用涡流固相萃取柱在线富集和分析。 Turboflow C18-P在线固相萃取柱可有效去除血清基质。最佳上样流速和洗脱时间分别为4.0 mL/min和1.0 min。方法的线性范围在1.0~100.0μg/L之间,4种雄激素的检出限在0.2~0.3μg/L之间,相对标准偏差为2.9％~14.1％(n=5)。应用本方法对实际血清样品进行了分析,整个分析过程包括提取、分离、检测以及柱子再生在32 min内即可完成。     

加速溶剂萃取-液相色谱-质谱/质谱法分析动物组织中的壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A

建立了测定内分泌干扰物质烷基酚、双酚A的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(负离子模式)分析方法,优化了样品前处理方法。以二氯甲烷作提取溶剂,采用加速溶剂萃取法萃取动物组织样品,萃取液用500 mg OASIS氨基固相萃取柱进行浓缩净化。对流动相组分和流动相添加剂对质谱的离子化效率进行了考察,测得3种化合物在高、中、低3个添加水平的回收率为88%~101%,相对标准偏差小于15%;双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚的方法检出限分别为0.3, 0.05和0.1 μg/kg。对从北京市场上采集的27份动物组织样品进行检测,结果表明壬基酚广泛存在于各种动物源性食品中,检出含量为0.49~55.98 μg/kg,其中鱼肉组织中都检出壬基酚,而且其含量也较高(9.13~55.98 μg/kg)。     

在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测大豆不同部位的4种植物激素

采用双三元液相色谱(Dual gradient liquid chromatography,DGLC)建立了在线固相萃取技术与电喷雾串联质谱联用方法(Online SPE DGLC-ESI MS/MS),并成功应用于实际样品检测。本方法同时检测大豆不同部位中的4种酸碱性植物激素(赤霉素(GA3)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素(ZT)和脱落酸(ABA))。通过考察固相萃取富集柱、分析色谱柱、流动相对植物激素的保留和选择性的影响,获得较高的灵敏度、回收率、稳定性及精密度。大豆样品经液氮低温研磨,以80%甲醇溶液提取,再经离心稀释过滤后,进样分析。进样后样品经在线固相萃取Hypersep Retain AX柱洗脱保留,目标分析物依次转移至分析柱Acclaim PA2色谱柱,并以0.1%甲酸和甲醇溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用选择反应监测离子模式(SRM)同时采集正负离子通道进行定性分析,基质标准曲线外标法进行定量分析,GA3,IAA,ZT在0.1~50μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.0002μg/g;ABA在0.5~50μg/L的范围内线性良好,其检出限为0.0010μg/g。以0.8,4.0和40μg/L分别为低、中、高浓度考察4种植物激素的回收率为76.1%~93.5%,RSD为0.8%~6.0%。结果表明,籽粒中含有的ABA浓度明显高于其它部位。本研究为快速准确地分离和测定大豆不同部位内源激素提供了有效方法。     

自动固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血液中氯硝西泮及其代谢产物7-氨基氯硝西泮

建立了血液中氯硝西泮及其代谢产物7-氨基氯硝西泮的自动固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱(ASPE/LC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经C18固相萃取柱提取后,采用LC-MS/MS进行测定,外标法定量。在Waters Atlantis TM d C18反相柱上分离,梯度洗脱,流动相为甲醇和0.1%甲酸水溶液,质谱采集为电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式。2种目标物在2~1 000μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.995 9~0.998 2,检出限为0.2~0.5μg/L;加标水平为50,200,1 000μg/L时,方法的回收率为72.6%~96.3%,相对标准偏差为4.2%~10.3%。本方法可用于法庭与临床的毒物分析。     

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱串联质谱法直接测定水中10种藻类毒素

建立了全自动在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱串联质谱法直接测定水中10种藻类毒素的方法.利用程序实现多次进样,通过在线固相萃取对藻类毒素进行富集,然后切换六通阀,将富集的目标物冲洗至分析柱进行分离后,进入线性离子阱质谱检测.10种藻类毒素在相应的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,检出限在0.0015~0.0050μg/L之间,3个浓度水平(0.02、0.10和1.00μg/L)的加标回收率为83.7%~98.5%.结果表明,在线固相萃取极大简化了前处理过程,线性离子阱串联质谱法提高了痕量藻类毒素测定的灵敏度,增强子离子扫描(EPI)谱库的建立为藻类毒素的确证提供保障.本方法适用于水体中多种藻类毒素的快速确证和定量测定.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定饮用水中15种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了饮用水中15种邻苯二甲酸酯的固相萃取超高效液相色谱串联质谱测定方法。样品经C18固相萃取柱富集,以苯基柱分离,以甲醇和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,正离子模式下质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯在0.63~1000μg/L,其余14种邻苯二甲酸酯在0.002~500μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9970。本方法对15种邻苯二甲酸酯的定量限为2.2~632 ng/L,回收率在81.3%~109%之间,RSD<14%。     

自动固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定血液中5种抗抑郁类药物

建立了血液中5种抗抑郁类药物的自动固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱(ASPE-LC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经HLB固相萃取柱提取后,采用LC-MS/MS进行测定,外标法定量。在Waters AtlantisTM dC18反相柱上分离,梯度洗脱,流动相为甲醇-0.1%甲酸(1∶4,V/V)溶液,质谱采集为电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式。采用基质匹配标准溶液校正,5种目标物在1~500μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(R)大于0.9975,检出限在0.1~0.6μg/L之间;添加浓度水平为10,100和500μg/L时,方法回收率为70.6%~93.8%,相对标准偏差在3.9%~9.2%之间。本方法可用于血液中5种抗抑郁类药物的法庭与临床毒物分析。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

关于"对‘燃料电池物理及化学性能的有限时间热力学分析方法'的讨论”答复

把有限时间热力学理论用于化学过程的研究,将会得到一系列新的结论,开展这方面的研究是很有意义的.文献[1]以燃料电池为例,在同时考虑化学反应及传热不可逆性的情况下,研究了燃料电池的性能界限,文献[2]指出了文献[1]计算化学反应及传热不可逆性而引起系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的错误以及由此而导致的结论所存在的问题,并进行了富有启发性的分析与讨论.但文献[2]对于系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算也是不正确的,由此得到的其它结论自然不能成立.本文将就此情况下系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算再次进行讨论,并给出电池功率和效率的有限时间热力学性能界限.