Generation and coupling of [Mn(dmpe)2(C triple bond CR)(C triple bond C)]* radicals producing redox-active C4-bridged rigid-rod complexes

The symmetric d(5) trans-bis-alkynyl complexes [Mn(dmpe)(2)(C triple bond CSiR(3))(2)] (R = Me, 1 a; Et, 1 b; Ph, 1 c) (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) have been prepared by the reaction of [Mn(dmpe)(2)Br(2)] with two equivalents of the corresponding acetylide LiC triple bond CSiR(3). The reactions of species 1 with [Cp(2)Fe][PF(6)] yield the corresponding d(4) complexes [Mn(dmpe)(2)(C triple bond CSiR(3))(2)][PF(6)] (R = Me, 2 a; Et, 2 b; Ph, 2 c). These complexes react with NBu(4)F (TBAF) at -10 degrees C to give the desilylated parent acetylide compound [Mn(dmpe)(2)(C triple bond CH)(2)][PF(6)] (6), which is stable only in solution at below 0 degrees C. The asymmetrically substituted trans-bis-alkynyl complexes [Mn(dmpe)(2)(C triple bond CSiR(3))(C triple bond CH)][PF(6)] (R = Me, 7 a; Et, 7 b) related to 6 have been prepared by the reaction of the vinylidene compounds [Mn(dmpe)(2)(C triple bond CSiR(3))(C=CH(2))] (R = Me, 5 a; Et, 5 b) with two equivalents of [Cp(2)Fe][PF(6)] and one equivalent of quinuclidine. The conversion of [Mn(C(5)H(4)Me)(dmpe)I] with Me(3)SiC triple bond CSnMe(3) and dmpe afforded the trans-iodide-alkynyl d(5) complex [Mn(dmpe)(2)(C triple bond CSiMe(3))I] (9). Complex 9 proved to be unstable with regard to ligand disproportionation reactions and could therefore not be oxidized to a unique Mn(III) product, which prevented its further use in acetylide coupling reactions. Compounds 2 react at room temperature with one equivalent of TBAF to form the mixed-valent species [[Mn(dmpe)(2)(C triple bond CH)](2)(micro-C(4))][PF(6)] (11) by C-C coupling of [Mn(dmpe)(2)(C triple bond CH)(C triple bond C*)] radicals generated by deprotonation of 6. In a similar way, the mixed-valent complex [[Mn(dmpe)(2)(C triple bond CSiMe(3))](2)(micro-C(4))][PF(6)] [12](+) is obtained by the reaction of 7 a with one equivalent of DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene). The relatively long-lived radical intermediate [Mn(dmpe)(2)(C triple bond CH)(C triple bond C*)] could be trapped as the Mn(I) complex [Mn(dmpe)(2)(C triple bond CH)(triple bond C-CO(2))] (14) by addition of an excess of TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy) to the reaction mixtures of species 2 and TBAF. The neutral dinuclear Mn(II)/Mn(II) compounds [[Mn(dmpe)(2)(C triple bond CR(3))](2)(micro-C(4))] (R = H, 11; R = SiMe(3), 12) are produced by the reduction of [11](+) and [12](+), respectively, with [FeCp(C(6)Me(6))]. [11](+) and [12](+) can also be oxidized with [Cp(2)Fe][PF(6)] to produce the dicationic Mn(III)/Mn(III) species [[Mn(dmpe)(2)(C triple bond CR(3))](2)(micro-C(4))][PF(6)](2) (R = H, [11](2+); R = SiMe(3), [12](2+)). Both redox processes are fully reversible. The dinuclear compounds have been characterized by NMR, IR, UV/Vis, and Raman spectroscopies, CV, and magnetic susceptibilities, as well as elemental analyses. X-ray diffraction studies have been performed on complexes 4 b, 7 b, 9, [12](+), [12](2+), and 14.     

Subtle reactivity patterns of non-heteroatom-substituted manganese alkynyl carbene complexes in the presence of phosphorus probes

The non-heteroatom-substituted manganese alkynyl carbene complexes (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2Mn=C(R)C[triple bond]CR'(3; 3a: R = R'= Ph, 3b: R = Ph, R'= Tol, 3c: R = Tol, R'= Ph) have been synthesised in high yields upon treatment of the corresponding carbyne complexes [eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2Mn[triple bond]CR][BPh4]([2][BPh4]) with the appropriate alkynyllithium reagents LiC[triple bond]CR' (R'= Ph, Tol). The use of tetraphenylborate as counter anion associated with the cationic carbyne complexes has been decisive. The X-ray structures of (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2Mn=C(Tol)C[triple bond]CPh (3c), and its precursor [(eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2Mn=CTol][BPh4]([2b](BPh4]) are reported. The reactivity of complexes toward phosphines has been investigated. In the presence of PPh3, complexes act as a Michael acceptor to afford the zwitterionic sigma-allenylphosphonium complexes (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2MnC(R)=C=C(PPh3)R' (5) resulting from nucleophilic attack by the phosphine on the remote alkynyl carbon atom. Complexes 5 exhibit a dynamic process in solution, which has been rationalized in terms of a fast [NMR time-scale] rotation of the allene substituents around the allene axis; metrical features within the X-ray structure of (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2MnC(Ph)=C=C(PPh3)Tol (5b) support the proposal. In the presence of PMe3, complexes undergo a nucleophilic attack on the carbene carbon atom to give zwitterionic sigma-propargylphosphonium complexes (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2MnC(R)(PMe3)C[triple bond]CR' (6). Complexes 6 readily isomerise in solution to give the sigma-allenylphosphonium complexes (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2MnC(R')=C=C(PMe3)R (7) through a 1,3 shift of the [(eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2Mn] fragment. The nucleophilic attack of PPh2Me on 3 is not selective and leads to a mixture of the sigma-propargylphosphonium complexes (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2MnC(R)(PPh(2)Me)C[triple bond]CR' (9) and the sigma-allenylphosphonium complexes (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2MnC(R)=C=C(PPh(2)Me)R' (10). Like complexes 6, complexes 9 readily isomerize to give the sigma-allenylphosphonium complexes (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2MnC(R')=C=C(PPh2Me)R'). Upon gentle heating, complexes 7, and mixtures of 10 and 10' cyclise to give the sigma-dihydrophospholium complexes (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2MnC=C(R')PMe2CH2CH(R)(8), and mixtures of complexes (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2MnC=C(Ph)PPh2CH2CH(Tol)(11) and (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2MnC=C(Tol)PMe2CH2CH(Ph)(11'), respectively. The reactions of complexes 3 with secondary phosphines HPR(1)(2)(R1= Ph, Cy) give a mixture of the eta2-allene complexes (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2Mn[eta2-{R(1)(2)PC(R)=C=C(R')H}](12), and the regioisomeric eta4-vinylketene complexes [eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)Mn[eta4-{R(1)(2)PC(R)=CHC(R')=C=O}](13) and (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)Mn[eta4-{R(1)(2)PC(R')=CHC(R)=C=O}](13'). The solid-state structure of (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)2Mn[eta2-{Ph2PC(Ph)=C=C(Tol)H}](12b) and (eta5-MeC5H4)(CO)Mn[eta4-{Cy2PC(Ph)=CHC(Ph)=C=O}](13d) are reported. Finally, a mechanism that may account for the formation of the species 12, 13, and 13' is proposed.     

Metal-metal charge transfer and solvatochromism in cyanomanganese carbonyl complexes of ruthenium and osmium

The complexes [(H3N)5Ru(II)(mu-NC)Mn(I)Lx]2+, prepared from [Ru(OH2)(NH3)5]2+ and [Mn(CN)L(x)] {L(x) = trans-(CO)2{P(OPh)3}(dppm); cis-(CO)2(PR3)(dppm), R = OEt or OPh; (PR3)(NO)(eta-C5H4Me), R = Ph or OPh}, undergo two sequential one-electron oxidations, the first at the ruthenium centre to give [(H3N)5Ru(III)(mu-NC)Mn(I)Lx]3+; the osmium(III) analogues [(H3N)5Os(III)(mu-NC)Mn(I)Lx]3+ were prepared directly from [Os(NH3)5(O3SCF3)]2+ and [Mn(CN)Lx]. Cyclic voltammetry and electronic spectroscopy show that the strong solvatochromism of the trications depends on the hydrogen-bond accepting properties of the solvent. Extensive hydrogen bonding is also observed in the crystal structures of [(H3N)5Ru(III)(mu-NC)Mn(I)(PPh3)(NO)(eta-C5H4Me)][PF6]3.2Me2CO.1.5Et2O, [(H3N)5Ru(III)(mu-NC)Mn(I)(CO)(dppm)2-trans][PF6]3.5Me2CO and [(H3N)5Ru(III)(mu-NC)Mn(I)(CO)2{P(OEt)3}(dppm)-trans][PF6]3.4Me2CO, between the amine groups (the H-bond donors) at the Ru(III) site and the oxygen atoms of solvent molecules or the fluorine atoms of the [PF6]- counterions (the H-bond acceptors).     

Bi- and poly-metallic cyanide-bridged complexes of the redox-active cyanomanganese nitrosyl unit [Mn(CN)(PR3)(NO)(eta-C5H4Me)

Cationic nitrile complexes and neutral halide and cyanide complexes, with the general formula [MnL1L2(NO)(eta-C5H4Me)]z, undergo one-electron oxidation at a Pt electrode in CH2Cl2. Linear plots of oxidation potential, Eo', vs. nu(NO) or the Lever parameters, EL, for L1 and L2, allow Eo' to be estimated for unknown analogues. In the presence of TlPF6, [MnIL'(NO)(eta-C5H4Me)] reacts with [Mn(CN)L(NO)(eta-C5H4Me)] to give [(eta5-C5H4Me)(ON)LMn(mu-CN)MnL'(NO)(eta5-C5H4Me)][PF6] which undergoes two reversible one-electron oxidations; DeltaE, the difference between the potentials for the two processes, differs significantly for stable cyanide-bridged linkage isomers. Novel pentametallic complexes such as [Mn[(mu-NC)Mn(CNBut)(NO)(eta5-C5H4Me)]4(OEt2)][PF6]2 and [Mn[(mu-NC)Mn(CNXyl)(NO)(eta5-C5H4Me)]4(NO3-O,O')][PF6], containing a trigonal bipyramidal and a distorted octahedral Mn(II) centre, respectively, result either from slow decomposition of the binuclear cyanide-bridged species or from the reaction of anhydrous MnI2 with four equivalents of [Mn(CN)L(NO)(eta5-C5H4Me)] in the presence of TlPF6.     

Synthons for coordinatively unsaturated complexes of tungsten, and their use for the synthesis of high oxidation-state silylene complexes

Reduction of Cp*WCl4 afforded the metalated complex (eta6-C5Me4CH2)(dmpe)W(H)Cl (1) (Cp* = C5Me5, dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane). Reactions with CO and H(2) suggested that 1 is in equilibrium with the 16-electron species [Cp(dmpe)WCl], and 1 was also shown to react with silanes R2SiH2 (R2 = Ph2 and PhMe) to give the tungsten(IV) silyl complexes Cp*(dmpe)(H)(Cl)W(SiHR2) (6a, R2 = Ph2; 6b, R2 = PhMe). Abstraction of the chloride ligand in 1 with LiB(C6F5)4 gave a reactive species that features a doubly metalated Cp ligand, [(eta7-C5Me3(CH2)2)(dmpe)W(H)2][B(C6F5)4] (4). In its reaction with dinitrogen, 4 behaves as a synthon for the 14-electron fragment [Cp*(dmpe)W]+, to give the dinuclear dinitrogen complex ([Cp*(dmpe)W]2(micro-N2)) [B(C6F5)4]2 (5). Hydrosilanes R2SiH2 (R2 = Ph2, PhMe, Me2, Dipp(H); Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) were shown to react with 4 in double Si-H bond activation reactions to give the silylene complexes [Cp*(dmpe)H2W = SiR2][B(C6F5)4] (8a-d). Compounds 8a,b (R2 = Ph2 and PhMe, respectively) were also synthesized by abstraction of the chloride ligands from silyl complexes 6a,b. Dimethylsilylene complex 8c was found to react with chloroalkanes RCl (R = Me, Et) to liberate trialkylchlorosilanes RMe2SiCl. This reaction is discussed in the context of its relevance to the mechanism of the direct synthesis for the industrial production of alkylchlorosilanes.     

Mixed-valent [FeIV(mu-O)(mu-carboxylato)2FeIII]3+ core

The symmetrically ligated complexes 1, 2, and 3 with a (mu-oxo)bis(mu-acetato)diferric core can be one-electron oxidized electrochemically or chemically with aminyl radical cations [*NR3][SbCl6] in acetonitrile yielding complexes which contain the mixed-valent [(mu-oxo)bis(mu-acetato)iron(IV)iron(III)]3+ core: [([9]aneN3)(2FeIII2)(mu-O)(mu-CH3CO2)2](ClO4)2 (1(ClO4)2), [(Me3[9]aneN3)(2FeIII2)(mu-O)(mu-CH3CO2)2](PF6)2 (2(PF6)(2)), and [(tpb)(2FeIII2)(mu-O)(mu-CH3CO2)2] (3) where ([9]aneN3) is the neutral triamine 1,4,7-triazacyclononane and (Me3[9]aneN3) is its tris-N-methylated derivative, and (tpb)(-) is the monoanion trispyrazolylborate. The asymmetrically ligated complex [(Me3[9]aneN3)FeIII(mu-O)(mu-CH3CO2)2FeIII(tpb)](PF6) (4(PF6)) and its one-electron oxidized form [4ox]2+ have also been prepared. Finally, the known heterodinuclear species [(Me3[9]aneN3)CrIII(mu-O)(mu-CH3CO2)2Fe([9]aneN3)](PF6)2 (5(PF6)(2)) can also be one-electron oxidized yielding [5ox]3+ containing an iron(IV) ion. The structure of 4(PF6).0.5CH3CN.0.25(C2H5)2O has been determined by X-ray crystallography and that of [5ox]2+ by Fe K-edge EXAFS-spectroscopy (Fe(IV)-O(oxo): 1.69(1) A; Fe(IV)-O(carboxylato) 1.93(3) A, Fe(IV)-N 2.00(2) A) contrasting the data for 5 (Fe(III)-O(oxo) 1.80 A; Fe(III)-O(carboxylato) 2.05 A, Fe-N 2.20 A). [5ox]2+ has an St = 1/2 ground state whereas all complexes containing the mixed-valent [FeIV(mu-O)(mu-CH3CO2)2FeIII]3+ core have an St = 3/2 ground state. M?ssbauer spectra of the oxidized forms of complexes clearly show the presence of low spin FeIV ions (isomer shift approximately 0.02 mm s(-1), quadrupole splitting approximately 1.4 mm s(-1) at 80 K), whereas the high spin FeIII ion exhibits delta approximately 0.46 mm s(-1) and DeltaE(Q) approximately 0.5 mm s(-1). M?ssbauer, EPR spectral and structural parameters have been calculated by density functional theoretical methods at the BP86 and B3LYP levels. The exchange coupling constant, J, for diiron complexes with the mixed-valent FeIV-FeIII core (H = -2J S1.S2; S(1) = 5/2; S2 = 1) has been calculated to be -88 cm(-1) (intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling) and for the reduced diferric form of -75 cm(-1) in reasonable agreement with experiment (J = -120 cm(-1)).     

A facile and novel route to unprecedented manganese C4 cumulenic complexes

The theoretically characterized (DFT) C4 cumulenic species Mn(C5H4R)(dmpe) [=C=C=C=C(SnPh3)2] was obtained by photolysis of the C(sp2)-Sn bond in the vinylidene complex Mn(C5H4R)(dmpe)[=C=C(SnPh3)-C[triple bond]CSnPh3], which in turn was prepared by a thermal reaction from MnC5H4R(dmpe)(C7H8) and Ph3Sn-C4-SnPh3.     

Preparation and properties of cyclopentadienyl- and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-titanium(IV) complexes with the C8H4S8 ligand, electrical conductivities of their oxidized species, and X-ray crystal structure of Ti(C5Me5)2(C8H4S8)

Ti(C5H5)2(C8H4S8) (1), Ti(C5Me5)2(C8H4S8) (2), [NMe4][Ti(C5H5)(C8H4S8)2] (3), and [NMe4][Ti(C5Me5)(C8H4S8)2] (4) [C8H4S8(2-) = 2-(4,5-ethylenedithio)-1,3-dithiole-2-ylidene)-1,3-dithiole-4,5- dithiolate(2-)] were prepared by reaction of Ti(C5H5)2Cl2, Ti(C5Me5)2Cl2, Ti(C5H5)Cl3, or Ti(C5Me5)Cl3 with Li2C8H4S8 or [NMe4]2[C8H4S8] in THF. They were oxidized by iodine, the ferrocenium cation, or TCNQ (7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane) in CH2Cl2 or in acetone to afford one-electron-oxidized and over-one-electron-oxidized species, [Ti(C5H5)2(C8H4S8)].I3, [Ti(C5H5)2(C8H4S8)][PF6], [Ti(C5Me5)2(C8H4S8)].I3, [Ti(C5Me5)2(C8H4S8)][PF6], [Ti(C5H5)(C8H4S8)2].I0.9, [Ti(C5H5)(C8H4S8)2][TCNQ]0.3, [Ti(C5Me5)(C8H4S8)2].I2.4, and [Ti(C5Me5)(C8H4S8)2][TCNQ]0.3, with the C8H4S8 ligand-centered oxidation. They exhibited electrical conductivities of 1.6 x 10(-1) to 7.6 x 10(-4) S cm-1 measured for compacted pellets at room temperature. The crystal structure of 2 was clarified to consist of isolated dimerized units of the molecules through some sulfur-sulfur nonbonded contacts: monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 9.534(2) A, b = 18.227(2) A, c = 17.775(2) A, beta = 94.39(1) degrees, Z = 4.     

Protonation of a lanthanum phosphide-alkyl occurs at the P-La not the C-La bond: isolation of a cationic lanthanum alkyl complex

Protonation of the heteroleptic, cyclometalated lanthanum phosphide complex [((Me3Si)2CH)(C6H4-2-CH2NMe2)P]La(THF)[P(C6H4-2-CH2NMe2)(CH(SiMe3)(SiMe2CH2))] with [Et3NH][BPh4] yields the cationic alkyllanthanum complex [(THF)4La[P(C6H4-2-CH2NMe2)(CH(SiMe3)(SiMe2CH2))]][BPh4].     

Coordinatively unsaturated semisandwich complexes of ruthenium with phosphinoamine ligands and related species: a complex containing (R,R)-1,2-bis((diisopropylphosphino)amino)cyclohexane in a new coordination form kappa(3)P,P',N-eta(2)-P,N

The syntheses of the chloro complexes [Ru(eta5-C5R5)Cl(L)] (R = H, Me; L = phosphinoamine ligand) (1a-d) have been carried out by reaction of [(eta5-C5H5)RuCl(PPh3)2] or {(eta5-C5Me5)RuCl}4 with the corresponding phosphinoamine (R,R)-1,2-bis((diisopropylphosphino)amino)cyclohexane), R,R-dippach, or 1,2-bis(((diisopropylphosphino)amino)ethane), dippae. The chloride abstraction reactions from these compounds lead to different products depending on the starting chlorocomplex and the reaction conditions. Under argon atmosphere, chloride abstraction from [(eta5-C5Me5)RuCl(R,R-dippach)] with NaBAr'4 yields the compound [(eta5-C5Me5)Ru(kappa3P,P'-(R,R)-dippach)][BAr'4] (2b) which exhibits a three-membered ring Ru-N-P by a new coordination form of this phosphinoamine. However, under the same conditions the reaction starting from [(eta5-C5Me5)RuCl(dippae)] yields the unsaturated 16 electron complex [(eta5-C5Me5)Ru(dippae)][BAr'4] (2d). The bonding modes of R,R-dippach and dippae ligands have been analyzed by DFT calculations. The possibility of tridentate P,N,P-coordination of the phosphinoamide ligand to a fragment [(eta5-C5Me5)Ru]+ is always present, but only the presence of a cyclohexane unit in the ligand framework converts this bonding mode in a more favorable option than the usual P,P-coordination. Dinitrogen [(eta5-C5R5)Ru(N2)(L)][BAr'4] (3a-d) and dioxygen complexes [(eta5-C5H5)Ru(O2)(R,R-dippach)][BPh4] (4a) and [(eta5-C5Me5)Ru(O2)(L)][BPh4] (4b,d) have been prepared by chloride abstraction under dinitrogen or dioxygen atmosphere, respectively. The presence of 16 electron [(eta5-C5H5)Ru(R,R-dippach)]+ species in fluorobenzene solutions of the corresponding dinitrogen or dioxygen complexes in conjunction with the presence of [BAr'4]- gave in some cases a small fraction of [Ru(eta5-C5H5)(eta6-C6H5F)][BAr'4] (5a), which has been isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction.     

Optical electron transfer through 2,7-diethynylfluorene spacers in mixed-valent complexes containing electron-rich "(η2-dppe)(η5-C5Me5)Fe" endgroups

We report in this communication the study of the intramolecular electron transfer through a 2,7-diethynylfluorenyl spacer in the Fe(II)/Fe(III) mixed-valent (MV) complex [(η(2)-dppe)(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))FeC≡C(2,7-C(21)H(24))C≡CFe(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))(η(2)-dppe)][PF(6)] (1[PF(6)]). The complex is generated in situ by comproportionation from its homovalent dinuclear Fe(II) and Fe(III) parents (1 and 1[PF(6)](2)). It is shown that electronic delocalization is much more effective through a 2,7-fluorenyl than through a 4,4'-biphenyl bridging unit.     

Structure of the decamethyl titanocene cation,a metallocene with two agostic C-h bonds,and its interaction with fluorocarbons

The tetraphenylborate salt of the decamethyl titanocene cation, [Cp*2Ti][BPh4] (1, Cp* = C5Me5), was prepared by reaction of Cp*2TiH with [Cp2Fe][BPh4] and by reaction of Cp*2TiMe with [PhNMe2H][BPh4]. The crystal structure of 1 shows that the Cp*2Ti cation has a bent metallocene structure with agostic interactions with the metal center of two adjacent methyl groups on one of the Cp* ligands. Compound 1 reacts readily with THF to give the adduct [Cp*2Ti(THF)][BPh4] (2). In fluorobenzene, 1 forms the eta1-fluorobenzene adduct [Cp*2Ti(eta1-FC6H5)][BPh4] (3), which was structurally characterized. In contrast to the thermal stability of 3, addition of alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene to either 1 or 2 results in C-F activation to give Cp*2TiF2 and PhCF2CF2Ph as the main products. This reactivity toward benzylic C-F bonds is also reflected in the reactivity toward the fluorinated borate anions [B(C6F5)4]- and {B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4}-: reaction of Cp*2TiMe with their [PhNMe2H]+ salts results in a stable complex for the former anion, whereas rapid C-F activation is observed for the latter.     

Synthesis and structure of the incomplete cuboidal clusters [W3Se4H3(dmpe)3]+, [W3Se4H(3-x)(OH)x(dmpe)3]+ and [W3Se4(OH)3(dmpe)3]+, and the mechanism of the acid-assisted substitution of the coordinated hydrides

The novel incomplete cuboidal cluster [W3Se4H3(dmpe)3](PF6), [1](PF6), has been prepared by reduction of [W3Se4Br3(dmpe)3](PF6) with LiBH4 in THF solution. The trihydroxo complex [W3Se4(OH)3(dmpe)3](PF6), [2](PF6), was obtained by reacting [W3Se4Br3(dmpe)3](PF6) with NaOH in MeCN-H2O solution. The complexes [1](PF6) and [2](PF6) were converted to their BPh4- salts by treatment with NaBPh4. Recrystallisation of [1](BPh4) in the presence of traces of water affords the mixed dihydride hydroxo complex [W3Se4H2(OH)(dmpe)3](BPh4). The crystal structures of [1](BPh4), [2](BPh4) and [W3Se4H2(OH)(dmpe)3](BPh4) have been resolved. Although the [1]+ trihydride does not react with an excess of halide salts, reaction with HX leads to [W3Se4X3(dmpe)3]+ (X = Cl, Br). The kinetics of this reaction has been studied at 25 degrees C in MeCN-H2O solution (1:1, v/v) and found to occur with two consecutive kinetic steps. The first step is independent of the nature and concentration of the X(-) anion but shows a first order dependence on the concentration of acid (k1 = 12.0 mol(-1) dm(3) s(-1)), whereas the second one is independent of the nature and concentration of both the acid and added salts (k2 = 0.024 s(-1)). In contrast, the reaction of [2]+ with acids occurs in a single step with kobs = 0.63 s(-1)(HCl) and 0.17 s(-1)(HBr). These kinetic results are discussed on the basis of the mechanism previously proposed for the reactions of the analogous [W3S4H3(dmpe)3]+ cluster, with special emphasis on the effects caused by the change of S by Se on the rate constants for the different processes involved.     

Coordination and reductive chemistry of tetraphenylborate complexes of trivalent rare earth metallocene cations, [(C5Me5)2Ln][(μ-Ph)2BPh2

The reactivity of the tetraphenylborate salts of the rare earth metallocene cations [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Ln][(μ-Ph)(2)BPh(2)] (Ln = Y, 1; Sm, 2) has been investigated with substrates that undergo reduction with f element complexes to probe metal-substrate interactions prior to reduction. Results with NaN(3), 1-adamantyl azide, acetone, benzophenone, phenanthroline, pyridine, azobenzene, and phenazine are described. Not only were coordination complexes isolated, but substrate reduction by (BPh(4))(-) was also observed. Complex 1 reacts with NaN(3) to form the azide [(C(5)Me(5))(2)YN(3)](x), 3, which crystallizes as [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Y(μ-N(3))](3), 4, when obtained from 1 and 1-adamantyl azide. The samarium analogue [(C(5)Me(5))(2)SmN(3)](x), 5, can be produced similarly from 2 and NaN(3) and crystallized from MeCN as [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Sm(NCMe)(μ-N(3))](3), 6, and {[(C(5)Me(5))(2)Sm(μ-N(3))][(C(5)Me(5))(2)Sm(NCMe)(μ-N(3))]}(n), 7. Complexes 1 and 2 react with stoichiometric amounts of acetone and benzophenone to form the ketone adducts [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Ln(OCMe(2))(2)][BPh(4)] (Ln = Y, 8; Sm, 9) and [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Ln(OCPh(2))(2)][BPh(4)] (Ln = Y, 10; Sm, 11), respectively. Phenanthroline (phen) coordinates to 1 to form [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Y(phen)][BPh(4)], 12. Complexes 1 and 2 react with pyridine (py) to form [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Ln(py)(2)][BPh(4)], (Ln = Y, 13; Sm, 14). Complexes 3, 8, 10, and 12 can also be made from the solvated cation [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Y(THF)(2)][BPh(4)]. The reaction of 1 with PhNNPh yields the diamagnetic adduct [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Y(PhNNPh)][BPh(4)], 15, which transforms in benzene to the radical anion complex (C(5)Me(5))(2)Y(PhNNPh), 16, via a one electron reduction by (BPh(4))(-). Complex 1 similarly reacts with phenazine (phz) to produce the first rare earth phenazine radical anion complex {[(C(5)Me(5))(2)Y](2)(phz)}{BPh(4)}, 17. Further reduction of phenazine by (BPh(4))(-) in 17 yields [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Y](2)(phz), 18, which contains the common (phz)(2-) dianion. The reduction of fluorenone by (BPh(4))(-) is also reported.     

A series of dinuclear homo- and heterometallic complexes with two or three bridging sulfido ligands derived from the tungsten tris(sulfido) complex [Et(4)N][(Me(2)Tp)WS(3)] (Me(2)Tp = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate)

The generation of heterobimetallic complexes with two or three bridging sulfido ligands from mononuclear tris(sulfido) complex of tungsten [Et(4)N][(Me(2)Tp)WS(3)] (1; Me(2)Tp = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate) and organometallic precursors is reported. Treatment of 1 with stoichiometric amounts of metal complexes such as [M(PPh(3))(4)] (M = Pt, Pd), [(PtMe(3))(4)(micro(3)-I)(4)], [M(cod)(PPh(3))(2)][PF(6)] (M = Ir, Rh; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), [Rh(cod)(dppe)][PF(6)] (dppe = Ph(2)PCH(2)CH(2)PPh(2)), [CpIr(MeCN)(3)][PF(6)](2) (Cp = eta(5)-C(5)Me(5)), [CpRu(MeCN)(3)][PF(6)], and [M(CO)(3)(MeCN)(3)] (M = Mo, W) in MeCN or MeCN-THF at room temperature afforded either the doubly bridged complexes [Et(4)N][(Me(2)Tp)W(=S)(micro-S)(2)M(PPh(3))] (M = Pt (3), Pd (4)), [(Me(2)Tp)W(=S)(micro-S)(2)M(cod)] (M = Ir, Rh (7)), [(Me(2)Tp)W(=S)(micro-S)(2)Rh(dppe)], [(Me(2)Tp)W(=S)(micro-S)(2)RuCp] (10), and [Et(4)N][(Me(2)Tp)W(=S)(micro-S)(2)W(CO)(3)] (12) or the triply bridged complexes including [(Me(2)Tp)W(micro-S)(3)PtMe(3)] (5), [(Me(2)Tp)W(micro-S)(3)IrCp][PF(6)] (9), and [Et(4)N][(Me(2)Tp)W(micro-S)(3)Mo(CO)(3)] (11), depending on the nature of the incorporated metal fragment. The X-ray analyses have been undertaken to clarify the detailed structures of 3-5, 7, and 9-12.     

Examination of the mixed-valence state of the doubly boron-bridged diferrocene cation [(FeCp)2{mu-C10H6(BPh)2}]+

A series of mixed-valent (MV) complexes [(FeCp)2(mu-C10H6(BPh)2)]+X ([1+]X; X=I 5, PF6, SbF6, B(C6F5)4) were prepared by oxidation of diboradiferrocene [(FeCp)2(mu-C10H6(BPh)2)] (1) with I 2, AgPF6, and AgSbF6, respectively, and through anion exchange of the I 5(-) salt with [Li(Et2O)x][B(C6F5)4] in the case of X=B(C6F5)4. The MV state of the cation was investigated in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, CV, and UV/Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, and in the solid state by IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and M?ssbauer spectroscopy. The cyclic voltammogram of 1 shows two distinct redox waves with a large redox splitting of Delta E=510 mV in CH2Cl2 and the NIR spectrum for the mono-oxidized species displays an intervalence charge-transfer band at around 1500 to 1700 nm depending on the specific counterion present. The X-ray crystal structures of [1+]X show inversion-symmetric cations with X=I 5 and B(C6F5)4 and unsymmetric valence-trapped structures composed of one ferrocene and one ferrocenium moiety with X=PF6 and SbF6. M?ssbauer data for X=PF6 are consistent with valence trapping at all temperatures between 90 and 343 K. In comparison, fast electron transfer is evident on the M?ssbauer timescale for X=I 5 and temperature-dependent behavior is observed for X=B(C6F5)4. The anion dependence of the X-ray structural and M?ssbauer data is discussed in the context of crystal symmetry and the possibility of static and dynamic disorder effects is considered.     

Scandium and yttrium metallocene borohydride complexes: comparisons of (BH4)1- vs. (BPh4)1- coordination and reactivity

The synthetically accessible borohydride complexes (C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Ln(THF)(BH(4)) and (C(5)Me(5))(2)Ln(THF)(BH(4)) (Ln = Sc, Y) were examined as precursors alternative to the heavily-used tetraphenylborate analogs, [(C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Ln][BPh(4)] and [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Ln][BPh(4)], employed in LnA(2)A'/M reduction reactions (A = anion; M = alkali metal) that generate "LnA(2)" reactivity and form reduced dinitrogen complexes [(C(5)R(5))(2)(THF)(x)Ln](2)(μ-η(2):η(2)-N(2)) (x = 0, 1). The crystal structures of the yttrium borohydrides, (C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Y(THF)(μ-H)(3)BH, 1, and (C(5)Me(5))(2)Y(THF)(μ-H)(2)BH(2), 2, were determined for comparison with those of the yttrium tetraphenylborates, [(C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Y][(μ-Ph)(2)BPh(2)], 3, and [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Y][(μ-Ph)(2)BPh(2)], 4. The complex (C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Sc(μ-H)(2)BH(2), 5, was synthesized and structurally characterized for comparison with (C(5)Me(5))(2)Sc(μ-H)(2)BH(2), 6, [(C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Sc][(μ-Ph)BPh(3)], 7, and [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Sc][(μ-Ph)BPh(3)], 8. Structural information was also obtained on the borohydride derivatives, (C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Sc(μ-H)(2)BC(8)H(14), 9, and (C(5)Me(5))(2)Sc(μ-H)(2)BC(8)H(14), 10, obtained from 9-borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane (9-BBN) and (C(5)Me(4)R)(2)Sc(η(3)-C(3)H(5)), where R = H, 11; Me, 12. The preference of the metals for borohydride over tetraphenylborate binding was shown by the facile displacement of (BPh(4))(1-) in 3, 4, 7, and 8 by (BH(4))(1-) to make the respective borohydride complexes 1, 2, 5, and 6. These results are consistent with the fact that the borohydrides are not as useful as precursors in A(2)LnA'/M reductions of N(2). An unusual structural isomer of [(C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Sc](2)(μ-η(2):η(2)-N(2)), 13', was isolated from this study that shows the variations in ligand orientation that can occur in the solid state.     

Characterization and dioxygen reactivity of a new series of coordinatively unsaturated thiolate-ligated manganese(II) complexes

The synthesis, structural, and spectroscopic characterization of four new coordinatively unsaturated mononuclear thiolate-ligated manganese(II) complexes ([Mn(II)(S(Me2)N(4)(6-Me-DPEN))](BF(4)) (1), [Mn(II)(S(Me2)N(4)(6-Me-DPPN))](BPh(4))·MeCN (3), [Mn(II)(S(Me2)N(4)(2-QuinoPN))](PF(6))·MeCN·Et(2)O (4), and [Mn(II)(S(Me2)N(4)(6-H-DPEN)(MeOH)](BPh(4)) (5)) is described, along with their magnetic, redox, and reactivity properties. These complexes are structurally related to recently reported [Mn(II)(S(Me2)N(4)(2-QuinoEN))](PF(6)) (2) (Coggins, M. K.; Kovacs, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2011, 133, 12470). Dioxygen addition to complexes 1-5 is shown to result in the formation of five new rare examples of Mn(III) dimers containing a single, unsupported oxo bridge: [Mn(III)(S(Me2)N(4)(6-Me-DPEN)](2)-(μ-O)(BF(4))(2)·2MeOH (6), [Mn(III)(S(Me2)N(4)(QuinoEN)](2)-(μ-O)(PF(6))(2)·Et(2)O (7), [Mn(III)(S(Me2)N(4)(6-Me-DPPN)](2)-(μ-O)(BPh(4))(2) (8), [Mn(III)(S(Me2)N(4)(QuinoPN)](2)-(μ-O)(BPh(4))(2) (9), and [Mn(III)(S(Me2)N(4)(6-H-DPEN)](2)-(μ-O)(PF(6))(2)·2MeCN (10). Labeling studies show that the oxo atom is derived from (18)O(2). Ligand modifications, involving either the insertion of a methylene into the backbone or the placement of an ortho substituent on the N-heterocyclic amine, are shown to noticeably modulate the magnetic and reactivity properties. Fits to solid-state magnetic susceptibility data show that the Mn(III) ions of μ-oxo dimers 6-10 are moderately antiferromagnetically coupled, with coupling constants (2J) that fall within the expected range. Metastable intermediates, which ultimately convert to μ-oxo bridged 6 and 7, are observed in low-temperature reactions between 1 and 2 and dioxygen. Complexes 3-5, on the other hand, do not form observable intermediates, thus illustrating the effect that relatively minor ligand modifications have upon the stability of metastable dioxygen-derived species.     

Rapid energy transfer in bichromophoric tris-bipyridyl/cyclometallated ruthenium(II) complexes

The synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of the N6-N5C bichromophoric [(bpy)2Ru(I)Ru(ttpy)][PF6]3 (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and ttpy is 4'-p-tolyl-2,2':6',2'-terpyridine) and [(bpy)2Ru(II)Ru(ttpy)][PF6]3 (I and II are bpy-dipyridylbenzene ditopic ligands bridged by an ethynyl and phenyl unit, respectively) complexes are reported together with the model mononuclear complexes [(bpy)2Ru(I)][PF6]2, [(bpy)2Ru(II)][PF6]2, [Ru(VI)(ttpy)][PF6] (VI is 3,5-di(2-pyridyl)-biphenyl) and [Ru(dpb)(ttpy)][PF(6)] (Hdpb is 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)-benzene). The electrochemical data show that there is little ground state electronic communication between the metal centers in the bimetallic complexes. Selective excitation of the N(5)C unit in the bichromophoric systems leads to luminescence typical for a bis-tridentate cyclometallated ruthenium complex and is similar to the [Ru(VI)(ttpy)][PF6] model complex. In contrast, the luminescence from the tris-bidentate N6 unit is efficiently quenched by energy transfer to the N5C unit. The energy transfer rate has been determined by femtosecond pump-probe measurements to 0.7 ps in the ethynyl-linked [(bpy)2Ru(I)Ru(ttpy)][PF6]3 and to 1.5 ps in the phenyl-linked [(bpy)2Ru(II)Ru(ttpy)][PF6]3 (in acetonitrile solution at 298 K), and is inferred to occur via a Dexter mechanism.     

Reactions of tris(amino)phosphines with arylsulfonyl azides: product dependency on tris(amino)phosphine structure

The Staudinger reaction of N(CH2CH2NR)3P [R = Me (1), Pr (2)] with 1 equiv of N3SO2C6H4Me-4 gave the ionic phosphazides [N(CH2CH2NR)3PN][SO2C6H4Me-4] [R = Me (3), R = Pr (5a)], and the same reaction of 2 with N3SO2C6H2Me3-2,4,6 gave the corresponding aryl sulfinite 5b. On the other hand, the reaction of 1 with 0.5 equiv of N3SO2Ar (Ar = C6H4Me-4) furnished the novel ionic phosphazide [[N(CH2CH2NMe)3P]2(mu-N3)][SO2Ar] (6). Data that shed light on the mechanistic pathway leading to 3 were obtained by low temperature 31P NMR spectroscopy. A crystal and molecular structure analysis of the phosphazide sulfonate [N(CH2CH2NMe)3PN3][SO3C6H4Me-4] (4), obtained by atmospheric oxidation of 3, indicated an ionic structure, the cationic part of which is stabilized by a transannular P-N bond. A crystal and molecular structure analysis of 6 also indicated an ionic structure in which the cation features two untransannulated N(CH2CH2NMe)3P cages bridged by an azido group in an eta 1: mu: eta 1 fashion. The reaction of P(NMe2)3 with N3SO2Ar (Ar = C6H4Me-4) in a 1:0.5 molar ratio furnished [[(Me2N)3P]2(mu-N3)][SO2-Ar] (11) in quantitative yield. On the other hand, the same reaction involving a 1:1 molar ratio of P(NMe2)3 and N3SO2Ar produced a mixture of 11, [(Me2N)3PN3][SO2Ar] (12), and the iminophosphorane (Me2N)3P=NSO2Ar (10). In contrast, the bicyclic tris(amino)phosphines MeC(CH2NMe)3P (7) and O=P(CH2NMe)3P (8) reacted with N3SO2-Ar (Ar = C6H4Me-4) to give the iminophosphorane MeC(CH2NMe)3P=NSO2Ar (14) (structured by X-ray means) and O=P(CH2NMe)3P=NSO2Ar (16) via the intermediate phosphazides MeC(CH2NMe)3PN3SO2Ar (13) and O=P(CH2NMe)3PN3SO2Ar (15), respectively. The variety of products obtained from the reactions of arylsulfonyl azides with proazaphosphatranes (1 and 2), acyclic P(NMe2)3, bicyclic tris(amino)phosphines 7 and 8 are rationalized in terms of steric and basicity variations among the phosphorus reagents.