氨基酸钛螯合物和高分子氨基酸钛螯合物对N-丙烯酰-1，3-噁唑烷-2-酮与环? 於┑腄iels-Alder反应的对映选择性催化作用

用磺酰化的L-缬氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-亮氨酸和L-异亮氨酸的钛螯合物催化N- 丙烯酰-1，3-噁唑烷-2-酮与环戊二烯的对映选择性Diels-Alder（D-A）反应，其 ee值为48.1% ～ 78.2%。将这些磺酰基氨基酸钛螯合物受载于高分子链上，用来催 化同一D-A反应时，反应的对映选择性更好，其ee值为82.8% ～ 84.5%。     

氨基酸钛螯合物和高分子氨基酸钛螯合物对N-丙烯酰-1，3-噁唑烷-2-酮与环? 於┑腄iels-Alder反应的对映选择性催化作用

用磺酰化的L-缬氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-亮氨酸和L-异亮氨酸的钛螯合物催化N- 丙烯酰-1,3-噁唑烷-2-酮与环戊二烯的对映选择性Diels-Alder（D-A）反应,其 ee值为48.1% ～ 78.2%。将这些磺酰基氨基酸钛螯合物受载于高分子链上,用来催 化同一D-A反应时,反应的对映选择性更好,其ee值为82.8% ～ 84.5%。     

四苯基硼酸钠手性离子选择性电极对缬氨酸甲酯的手性识别

以质量分数为4%的四苯基硼酸钠为手性选择性识别剂,将其负载于聚氯乙烯膜上制得四苯基硼酸钠手性离子选择性电极,此电极对缬氨酸甲酯对映异构体的识别能力进行检测。结果表明此电极能优先响应L-缬氨酸甲酯。在pH 8.0的缓冲溶液中,所用氯化钾内参比溶液的浓度在0.1mol·L~(-1)的条件下,L-缬氨酸甲酯的线性范围为10~(-3)~10~(-1) mol·L-1,斜率为47mV·dec~(-1),测定下限为5.01×10~(-4) mol·L~(-1),对映异构选择性系数lgKpotL,D为-1.89。     

L-氨基酸席夫碱的无溶剂法合成及其结构表征

报道了一种新颖的L-氨基酸席夫碱的制备方法.L-丙氨酸(L-ala),L-丝氨酸(L-ser),L-缬氨酸(L-val),L-亮氨酸(L-leu),L-异亮氨酸(L-Ile),L-苯甘氨酸(L-phg),L-苯丙氨酸(L-phe)七种氨基酸与水杨醛或2-羟基-1-萘醛在氢氧化钾存在下,室温研磨得到相应的氨基酸席夫碱.所得产品经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱、红外光谱、质谱、元素分析等检测手段进行结构表征.实验结果表明,该反应室温只需10 min即可进行完全,产品纯度好,收率大于90%.     

固定化D-氨基酸氧化酶催化DL-氨基酸去消旋化制备非天然L-氨基酸

在过氧化氢酶和氧气存在下,固定化D-氨基酸氧化酶(D-AAO)对映选择性催化DL-氨基酸中的D-对映体氧化脱氨为相应酮酸,L-对映体保留.研究了D-AAO的底物特异性并对反应条件进行了优化.结果表明:D-AAO具有较宽的底物谱,能够催化疏水性α-氨基酸的D-对映体氧化脱氨.在最优反应条件下,D-AAO催化DL-2-氨基丁酸、DL-2-氨基戊酸去消旋化,L-2-氨基丁酸、L-2-氨基戊酸的收率分别为48%和47%,ee分别为99.5%和99.8%.进一步地利用Pd-C/HCOONH4催化氧化脱氨过程中产生的亚氨基酸原位还原,有效提高了L-2-氨基丁酸、L-2-氨基戊酸的收率并保持高的光学纯度.     

Preparation of Non-natural L Amino Acids via Deracemization of DL-Amino Acids Catalyzed by Immobilized D-amino Acid Oxidase

在过氧化氢酶和氧气存在下,固定化D-氨基酸氧化酶（D-AAO）对映选择性催化DL-氨基酸中的D-对映体氧化脱氨为相应酮酸,L-对映体保留.研究了D-AAO的底物特异性并对反应条件进行了优化.结果表明：D-AAO具有较宽的底物谱,能够催化疏水性α-氨基酸的D-对映体氧化脱氨.在最优反应条件下,D-AAO催化DL-2-氨基丁酸、DL-2-氨基戊酸去消旋化,L-2-氨基丁酸、L-2-氨基戊酸的收率分别为48%和47%,ee分别为99.5%和99.8%.进一步地利用Pd-C/HCOONH4催化氧化脱氨过程中产生的亚氨基酸原位还原,有效提高了L-2-氨基丁酸、L-2-氨基戊酸的收率并保持高的光学纯度.     

TATP-铜(Ⅱ)-L-氨基酸配合物的合成、表征及其SOD活性

合成了三种新的配合物[Cu(TATP)(L-Val)(H2O)]ClO4.0.5H2O(1)、[Cu(TATP)(L-Ser)(H2O)]ClO4(2)、[Cu(TATP)(L-Arg)(H2O)]2ClO4.0.5H2O(3)(TATP=1,4,8,9-四氮三联苯,L-Val=L-缬氨酸,L-Ser=L-丝氨酸,L-Arg=L-精氨酸),并通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱和摩尔电导率对其进行了表征。此外,用改进的氮蓝四唑(NBT)光还原法测定了上述配合物以及配合物[Cu(TATP)(L-Tyr)(H2O)]ClO4.H2O(4)(L-Tyr=L-酪氨酸)对O2-.歧化的催化作用。结果表明,配合物均具有良好的超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性,在0.2～0.9μmol.L-1浓度范围内抑制率达到50%以上,活性大小按1>3>2>4排列。     

手性口恶唑硼烷酮催化不对称Aldol反应的研究

以廉价易得的手性氨基酸为原料合成了一系列氮磺酰化氨基酸配体,并将之与硼烷原闰制备成手性恶唑硼烷酮催化苯甲醛与烯醇硅醚的不对称Aldol反应,获得了较好的效果。对各种影响反应结果的因素进行了讨论,并对其不对称诱导机理进行了探讨。结果表明D-苯基甘氨酸衍生的手性恶唑硼烷酮催化剂对这种反应的催化效明显好于L-缬氨酸、L-亮氨酸、L-异亮氨酸等其它脂肪侧链氨基酸衍生的恶唑硼烷酮催化剂。其所得产物的化学产率和ee值分别为38.7%和81.7%。     

L-酪氨酸甲酯消旋及Alcalase 2.4L催化对映选择性水解制备D-酪氨酸

提出了一个5-硝基水杨醛催化L-酪氨酸甲酯消旋化的新方法并推测了L-酪氨酸甲酯的消旋机理.在乙腈/磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.5)中,5-硝基水杨醛催化L-酪氨酸甲酯消旋为DL-酪氨酸甲酯,消旋率100%,消旋收率93%.优化了Alcalase 2.4L催化DL-酪氨酸甲酯对映选择性水解的反应条件.30℃下,在叔丁醇/磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.5)中,Alcalase 2.4L催化DL-酪氨酸甲酯对映选择性水解为L-酪氨酸和D-酪氨酸甲酯.在酶催化水解过程中,L-酪氨酸形成沉淀,容易通过简单的过滤进行分离.D-酪氨酸甲酯在碱性条件下水解为D-酪氨酸,收率91%,ee97%.     

X衍射精细结构和晶体旋光角研究D-,L-,DL-缬氨酸晶格分子间N~+H…O~-氢键电子库珀对的自旋流超导相变(英文)

为了解决D-和L-缬氨酸单晶在～270 K相变的机理和分岐,以比热法测定单晶、多晶粉末及Sigma多晶产品发现,只有D-和L-缬氨酸单晶发生相变,且为吸热反应,能差0.18 J·mol-1.本文以Mo-Kα(λ=0.071073nm)为光源的X衍射精确测定表明,D-/L-缬氨酸单晶属于单斜空间点群P21,Z=4.在相变温度～270 K,其晶格常数分别为:a=0.96706(5)/0.96737(5)nm,b=0.52680(3)/0.52664(3)nm,c=1.20256(7)/1.20196(6)nm,β=90.724(2)°/90.722(3)°.在晶体结构的单元细胞中,含有两种转动异构体:A(trans)和B(gauche I).温度为293、270、223、173 K的X衍射精细结构数据表明:在～270 K,D-缬氨酸单晶分子内N―H…O氢键中,N―H、H…O的键长及键角∠N―H…O都发生波动起伏而不可测,但N―H…O总键长变化稳定可测.说明没有发生构型相变为L-缬氨酸.根据D-和L-缬氨酸单晶中,NH3→CO2顺时针和逆时针的相反走向及D-,L-和DL-缬氨酸晶体旋光角的测定,在270-290 K可以观察到晶格分子间N+H…O-氢键电子库珀对的自旋流超导相变.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。