石墨烯/类金刚石碳复合薄膜的电化学沉积及其场发射性能

采用液相电化学方法在硅基底上制备了石墨烯掺杂的类金刚石碳复合薄膜,探讨了电化学沉积复合薄膜的机理。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱技术对薄膜表面形貌和微观结构进行了分析表征。结果表明,石墨烯片均匀分散沉积在含氢类金刚石碳（a-C：H）基体中,沉积的石墨烯/类金刚石（G/a-C：H）复合薄膜表面相对均匀平整。场发射测试显示石墨烯掺杂使开启电场从4.7 V·μm^-1增加至5.8 V·μm^-1,场发射电流密度从384 μA·cm^-2显著增加至876 μA·cm^-2。     

稀土纳米薄膜摩擦学性能研究

用自组装方法可以在单晶硅表面获得稀土纳米薄膜，得到的薄膜通过XPS，偏振光椭圆率测量仪、角接触仪、AFM等手段表征。通过滑动摩擦实验，可以测试稀土薄膜的界面粘附力。通过DF-PM型复复摩擦磨损试验机，考察稀土纳米薄膜的摩擦磨损特性。实验结果表明，稀土纳米薄膜具有低摩擦系数和高抗磨损特性。稀土纳米薄膜具有纳米级尺度、强界面结合力和低表面能，使其成为MEMS装置固体润滑的理想选择。     

新型一氧化氮比率型纳米探针的构建及性能研究

该文首先通过两步化学反应合成NO识别分子3,4-二氨基苯硫醇(DABT),然后制备具有强表面拉曼增强散射(SERS)效应的银包金纳米星(AuNSs@Ag)材料,并通过Ag—S键对其进行DABT修饰,制备了比率型SERS纳米探针AuNSs@Ag-DABT。利用透射电子显微镜、水合粒径、Zeta电位以及紫外吸收光谱对纳米探针进行表征,并开展了NO的定量检测。结果表明：构建的AuNSs@Ag-DABT纳米探针表面有尖锐突出的星状结构,尺寸约为80 nm。NO存在时,DABT与NO发生反应并在541 cm^-1附近出现一个新的拉曼峰(三唑环),而在1 078 cm^-1处的拉曼峰(C—S离面弯曲峰)强度保持不变,因此可以根据I₅₄₁/I₁₀₇₈的比值定量检测NO。在最优条件下,I₅₄₁/I₁₀₇₈的比值与NO浓度在10～60 nmol/L范围内表现出良好的线性响应,检出限为3.89 nmol/L。选择性实验表明该比率型SERS纳米探针对NO响应具有良好的专一性和抗干扰...     

扫描探针显微镜在纳米加工中的应用

扫描探针显微镜不仅能对材料表面形貌进行原子级观测，还能够对单个的分子、原子及纳米粒子进行操纵。本文综述了扫描探针显微镜在纳米加工中对自组装单层膜的扫描探针刻蚀以及“蘸写笔”两方面的应用情况。     

纳米金刚石拉曼生物探针用于抗菌肽杀菌过程的可视化研究

本工作以纳米金刚石为探针,依赖拉曼成像技术,成功实现了对细菌体系生命活动的观察。实验中将抗菌肽死亡素负载于100nm的金刚石上,利用纳米金刚石在1332cm-1处的特征拉曼信号为标记,通过共聚焦拉曼成像技术可视化了纳米金刚石-死亡素复合物与枯草芽孢杆菌间的相互作用过程。同时,采用扫描电子显微镜观察手段验证了上述拉曼成像方法的有效性。此外,抗菌实验验证了纳米金刚石-死亡素复合物对枯草芽孢杆菌有达到45%的明显杀灭效果,表明纳米金刚石探针的引入不会影响死亡素的抗菌性能。本工作证实了纳米金刚石拉曼生物探针用于观察抗菌过程的可行性,为其在生物成像领域中的应用提供了重要依据。     

氮化铝纳米锥的低温生长与场发射性能

考察了在600℃以下通过反应AlCl³+NH₃→AlN+3HCl制备AlN纳米锥的规律,结果表明在500℃时仍可获得AlN纳米锥,当温度为480℃时则无氮化物生成。场发射测试显示在500~600℃温区内制得的AlN纳米锥的开启电场处于14.2~20V·μm^-1范围,且随制备温度升高而减小。本工作的结果表明AlN纳米锥可在低温条件下获得,且具有较好的场发射性能。     

扫描探针纳米加工技术的现状与发展趋势

介绍了扫描探针纳米加工技术的基本原理、应用前景和最新进展 ,并讨论了该技术的发展趋势     

纳米金刚石非金属催化性能研究进展

纳米结构碳材料的非金属催化性能研究正在成为国际催化与纳米材料研究的热点之一．纳米金刚石具有分散性能好、表面曲率高、催化性能优异、可批量生产等优点,可高效催化甲烷裂解、丁烷脱氢、乙苯脱氢、亚硝酸根氧化等反应过程．近年来,人们在纳米金刚石微观结构与表面化学活性研究上取得了一定的进展．本文对纳米金刚石上杂原子官能团表征、sp2壳层形成、催化反应机理方面的最新成果作了综述,并对纳米金刚石催化工艺存在的挑战及其规模化应用前景进行了展望．     

LiF-Ni纳米复合薄膜的电化学性能研究

采用脉冲激光沉积法在不锈钢基片上制备了LiF-Ni纳米复合薄膜, 用充放电和循环伏安实验测量了该薄膜的电化学性能. 首次充电容量为107 mAh•g−1, 它对应第一次释放锂的过程. 在充放电循环过程中, 锂的嵌入、脱出通过非原位高分辨电子显微和选区电子衍射得到证实. 这一结果为LiF可以由过渡金属Ni驱动分解提供了直接的实验证据.     

锶掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜的制备及性能研究

以TiCl₄, 有机羧酸, NH₃•H₂O, Sr(OH)₂•8H₂O, D-山梨醇等为主要原料, 首先采用常温络合-控制水解新技术制备出平均粒径为6 nm的锶掺杂纳米TiO₂无色透明水溶胶, 再利用普通喷涂技术制备了纳米薄膜. 采用XRD, 纳米激光粒度分析仪, AFM, EDS, 紫外-可见分光光度计, 光学接触角测试仪等对样品的物相、粒径、组成、光吸收、光催化及亲水性等性质进行了表征, 同时对制备过程中的影响因素进行了研究. 结果表明, 当掺Sr量为1.8%, 回流时间为60 min时, 得到掺锶纳米TiO₂水溶胶所制薄膜的光催化性能最好, 在太阳光照射60 min后对浓度为50 mg/L的酸性红3R染料溶液的降解率达到99%, 薄膜样品的接触角为0.91°, 说明具有超亲水性.     

Latex Film Formation in the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope

Summary: Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was used to study the film formation mechanisms and extent of coalescence of three acrylic latex compositions with different glass transition temperatures (T_g), here defined as standard-low T_g, standard-high T_g (both carboxymethyl cellulose- stabilised) and novel (stabilised with a novel polysaccharide derived from agricultural waste). The ESEM analysis revealed that the microstructure of the standard – low-T_g system consisted of individual particles in dispersion and upon evaporation a continuous film formed, whereas in the case of the standard - high T_g latex particle deformation was not observed, but particle aggregation resulted in the formation of crystal-like structures that have formed via the formation of stacking faults. However, in the case of the novel system the microstructure consisted of individual particles and clusters and during evaporation a discontinuous film formed with voids present within its structure and some of the clusters accumulating on the surface of the specimens.     

Imaging and Analysis of Surfaces with a Scanning Electron Microscope and Electron Spectrometer

The topography and the composition of a surface are in many cases of equal importance (catalysis, electroplating, pretreatment of foils and sheet metal, corrosion, passivation, adsorption, coating of fibers, etc.), and this explains the great interest in methods of investigation that reveal both. If the demands on the resolving power, the analytical possibilities, and the thickness of the surface layer are not too exacting, combined devices like the scanning electron microscope and its analytical accessories can be used. When it is necessary to avoid the compromises involved in simultaneous imaging and analysis, the investigations must be carried out with separate equipment. As an example of a method for the analysis of surfaces we consider briefly photo- and Auger electron spectroscopy (ESCA).     

珍珠形胆结石的红外光谱和扫描电镜分析

磁疗获得的珍珠形胆结石是罕见的病例,作者利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜及Ｘ射线能谱对该胆结石进行了观察和研究。结果表明该胆结石的主要成分为胆固醇,并混有少量的蛋白质和无机钙盐,说明珍珠形胆结石虽然和珍珠具有相似的形貌,但组成是完全不同的。根据扫描电子显微镜的照片,作者推测结石的珍珠外形可能是因为片状的胆固醇分子形成胆甾型晶体而形成的。     

铝阳极氧化着色封闭膜的电子显微分析

本文对铝合金阳极氧化电解着色及封闭膜的分区结构、氧化膜定向生长和封闭结构进行了扫描电镜显微分析和透射电子显微分析.其分析结果对铝合金精饰工艺研究具有较好的指导作用.     

Spatial Resolution of a Wavelength-Dispersive Electron Probe Microanalyzer Equipped with a Thermal Field Emission Gun

In this study, a prototype WDS-EPMA equipped with a thermal field emitter (TFE) was used. By using X-ray mapping technique with this instrument, we analyzed sub-micron inclusions in highly pure copper compounds used for manufacturing electronic devices. The analytical conditions of the accelerating voltages were 10 keV and 15 keV; the measured elements were Ni and Si. We measured 160000 points (400 × 400 points) within a couple of hours (1.5 hours at 10 keV, 0.5 hour at 15 keV). The analysis of the X-ray mapping data revealed very small inclusions with diameters estimated to be less than 100 nm. The new EPMA could be used for the elemental analysis of various materials including very light elements in a wide area with a spatial resolution of 100 nm.     

Nanodiamond Thin Film Electrodes: Metal Electro‐Deposition and Stripping Processes

The properties of a nanodiamond thin film deposit formed on titanium substrates in a microwave‐plasma enhanced CVD process, are investigated for applications in electroanalysis. The nanodiamond deposit consists of intergrown nano‐sized platelets of diamond with a high sp² carbon content giving it high electrical conductivity and electrochemical reactivity. Nanodiamond thin film electrodes (of approximately 2 μm thickness) are characterized by electron microscopy and electrochemical methods. First, for a reversible one electron redox system, Ru(NH₃)₆^3+/2+, nanodiamond is shown to give well‐defined diffusion controlled voltammetric responses. Next, metal deposition processes are shown to proceed on nanodiamond with high reversibility and high efficiency compared to processes reported on boron‐doped diamond. The nucleation of gold is shown to be facile at edge sites, which are abundant on the nanodiamond surface. For the deposition and stripping of both gold and copper, a stripping efficiency (the ratio of electro‐dissolution charge to electro‐deposition charge) of close to unity is detected even at low concentrations of analyte. The effect of thermal annealing in air is shown to drastically modify the electrode characteristics probably due to interfacial oxidation, loss of active sp² sites, and loss of conductivity.     

异种金属焊接接头的电子探针分析

用电子探针对异种金属摩擦焊接接头进行了扩散组元含量分布和成分定量分析。结果表明电子探针能有效地分析出固体中的微观传质现象,同时可方便地测出接头处扩散层的宽度和微观组织结构变化情况。     

扫描电镜在多晶硅电池片焊带分析中的应用

对多晶硅电池片焊带接口进行金相包埋,利用扫描电镜(SEM)表征,观察焊带与硅片结合处的图像及其成分分布,进而了解焊接情况,为工艺优化提供技术支撑.     

扫描电子显微镜对样品的要求及样品的制备

扫描电子显微镜对样品的要求很严,要求样品必须是固体,且做到五无:无毒、无放射性、无污染、无磁、无水分,成分稳定,块状样品大小要适中,粉末样品要进行特殊处理,对不导电和导电性能差的样品要进行镀膜,且要选择适当的镀膜仪,方能达到理想的分析效果.     

扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析高性能热塑性板材

高性能热塑性板材在汽车、电器、医药、建材等方面具有广泛的应用,常常添加一些功能性元素如Ti、Sb等用来提升其性能,如何快速检测其成分及含量对研究热塑性板材至关重要. 利用扫描电子显微镜/能谱仪（SEM/EDS）对高性能热塑性板材的形貌和成分进行分析,分别研究了导电处理前后对其形貌和成分测定的影响. 利用热分析技术分析了高性能热塑性板材的热力学特征. 研究结果表明,不做导电处理的高性能热塑性板材在能谱分析时被分解和升华,功能性元素消失,无法准确检测其成分及含量. 高性能热塑性板材能谱分析时做适当的导电处理为其准确地检测提供了方法和指导.