A Polydisperse Sphere Model Describing the Propagation of Light in Biological Tissue

A polydisperse sphere model with the complex refractive index is employed to describe the propagation of light in biological tissue. The scattering coefficient, absorption coefficient and scattering phase function are calculated. At the same time, the inverse problem on retrieving the particles size distribution, imaginary part of the refractive index and number density of scatterers is investigated. The result shows that the retrieval scheme together with the Chahine algorithm is effective in dealing with such an inverse problem. It is also clarified that a group of parameters including the scattering coefficient, absorption coefficient and phase function are associated with another group including the refractive index, particle size distribution and number density of scatterers, which is a problem described in two different ways and the anisotropy factor is not an independent variable, but is determined by the phase function.     

Acoustooptical and elastic properties of laminated KY(MoO4)2 crystals

Data on acoustic (absorption and velocity of sound), optical (refractive index and optical absorption coefficient), and photoelastic (coefficients of acoustooptical quality and photoelastic constants) properties of KY(MoO₄)₂ crystals are obtained. It is shown that, not only does the anisotropy of binding forces lead to a significant anisotropy of acoustic and photoelastic properties, but it also determines anomalously high elastic nonlinearity in the direction of the Y-axis perpendicular to cleavage planes.     

Intersubband optical absorption coefficient changes and refractive index changes in a two-dimensional quantum pseudodot system

The optical absorption coefficient changes and refractive index changes associated with intersubband transitions in a two-dimensional quantum pseudodot system under the influence of a uniform magnetic field are theoretically investigated. In this regard, the electronic structure of the pseudodot system is studied using the one-band effective mass theory, and by means of the compact density matrix approach linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficient and refractive index changes are calculated. The effects of an external magnetic field and the geometrical size of the pseudodot system on the optical absorption coefficient and refractive index changes are investigated. It is found that the absorption coefficient and refractive index changes are strongly affected not only by an external magnetic field but also by the geometrical size of the pseudodot system.     

Effect of the transition layer on ellipsometric measurement of nanodimensional layers

The results of numerical simulation of a nanodimensional film-transition layer-absorbing substrate structure are presented. It is found that the transition layer affects the accuracy of determining the refractive index and thickness of the nanodimensional coating. It is shown that the introduction of the effective values of the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the substrate improves the accuracy of ellipsometric measurements of the nanodimensional film parameters. Physical (full-scale) and numerical experiments demonstrate that, when the thickness and refractive index of a nanodimensional film on a substrate with an unknown transition layer comparable in thickness with the film are measured, it is appropriate to replace the substrate-transition layer structure by a substrate with effective optical parameters. It is found that a change in the thickness of the transition layer does not noticeably affect the accuracy of determining the thickness and refractive index of the film deposited when the effective values of the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the substrate are used.     

The parameter of the optical indicatrix of guanidinium aluminum-sulfate hexahydrate crystals

The absorption coefficient (220–1200 nm) and refractive index (800–450 nm) spectra of a strongly anisotropic guanidinium aluminum-sulfate hexahydrate (GASH) crystals are measured. It is shown that the optical anisotropy of GASH crystals in the visible spectral region is significant, while the crystal in the polar direction becomes isotropic. The contribution of IR oscillators to the electronic polarizability of GASH is sharply anisotropic. It is found that the constants of the Sellmeier dispersion formula qualitatively agree with the vacuum ultraviolet spectra calculated from first principles. The experimental refractive indices coincide with the calculated values with an accuracy of 0.10 (n _e ) and 0.1% (n _o ). It is proposed to use the GASH crystal for development of optical phase difference compensators.     

On photoelastic stress measurements in optically absorbing medium

The effects of optical absorption in a photoelastic medium on the formation of the fringe patterns are studied by taking into account the stress-induced anisotropy of both the refractive index and the absorption coefficient. The propagation of optical waves in a dielectric solid under the influence of stress is formulated by incorporating complex elasto-optical tensor elements in the wave equation. The expression for optical transmission from the plane polariscope configuration consisting of an absorbing photoelastic specimen is derived using the Jones calculus formalism including complex optical retardation terms. It is observed that the photoelastic fringe fields are substantially modified due to these effects which must be considered for accurate interpretation of the experimentally obtained fringes.     

Tuning the optical properties of phosphorene by adsorption of alkali metals and halogens

Optical properties of phosphorene are tuned by adsorption of alkali metals (Li and Na) and halogens (Br and Cl). It has been found that on increasing the size of alkali metals and halogen adsorbed phosphorene layer the absorption coefficient reduces and shifts towards visible region. The refractive index in alkali metal adsorbed phosphorene increases with size of phosphorene layer. For halogen adsorbed structure it decreases with increase in size of phosphorene layer. Optical absorption is observed to depend on both dielectric constant and refractive index. Since adsorption of alkali and halogen materials modifies the refractive index of phosphorene, absorption is seen to reduce in all cases where refractive index increases due to adsorption even when the dielectric constant was high.     

Optical properties of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles on the surface of polytetrafluoroethylene nanogranules

The spectral characteristics in the visible range of synthesized nanocomposites based on cadmium sulfide and ultradispersed polytetrafluoroethylene are investigated experimentally. Local perturbations are found in the long-wavelength regions of the reflection and absorption spectra, which are related to the optical transitions between the critical points of the valence and conduction bands of the nanocomposite. The dispersion relations for the refractive index and the absorption coefficient are obtained for undoped and managanesedoped nanocomposites. The following important parameters of the nanocomposites are obtained from the spectral measurements: the fundamental optical absorption edge (the band gap), the refractive index (ω → 0), and the absorption coefficient. It is shown that doping with managanese affects changes in these parameters.     

Intersubband optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes in a parabolic cylinder quantum dot

Optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes associated with intersubband transition in a parabolic cylinder quantum dot are theoretically investigated. In this regard, the electronic structure of the dot is studied using the one band effective mass theory, and by means of the compact-density matrix approach the linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes are calculated. The effects of the size of the dot, optical intensity and electromagnetic field polarization on the optical absorption coefficient and refractive index changes are investigated. It is found that absorption and refractive index changes are strongly affected not only by the size of the dot but also by optical intensity and the electromagnetic field polarization.     

不同结构碳黑填充的复合体系的太赫兹时域光谱研究

利用熔融共混、压片的方法制备了两种不同结构的碳黑(乙炔碳黑和高结构碳黑)填充的高密度聚乙烯复合材料,并利用太赫兹时域光谱研究了复合体系在太赫兹波段的介电性质.研究发现,随着频率的增加,体系的吸收系数逐渐增大而折射率则逐渐降低;在相同的频率下,吸收系数和折射率均随颗粒浓度的增加而增大;与乙炔碳黑相比,相同浓度的高结构碳熙填充的复合体系具有较大的吸收系数和较低的折射率,这与碳黑的颗粒结构以及颗粒间的团聚状态是紧密相关的.假定复合体系的介电损耗是由碳黑颗粒内部载流子的极化和聚乙烯基体的界面极化所导致的,利用双德拜模型对实验结果进行了解释,分别得到了两种极化模式所对应的弛豫时间和弛豫强度等信息.     

红薯淀粉中添加剂明矾的定性和定量太赫兹时域光谱技术检测

应用太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术对红薯淀粉中的添加剂明矾进行了实验研究,获得了红薯淀粉和明矾的太赫兹时域光谱和频域光谱,通过计算得到二者的吸收系数谱和折射率谱,吸收系数谱显示明矾在太赫兹波段有明显的特征吸收峰,可以用THz-TDS技术对淀粉中的明矾进行特征识别。实验获得了红薯淀粉中掺杂不同百分比(质量分数)明矾的太赫兹时域光谱,计算得到吸收系数谱和折射率谱,发现随着明矾含量的增加吸收峰的幅度下降,折射率逐渐下降,说明THz-TDS技术可以用于淀粉中明矾的定性识别和定量检测。     

小麦品质的太赫兹波段光学与光谱特性研究

采用太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS),以储藏小麦为研究对象,研究了霉变、虫蛀、发芽等小麦与正常小麦样品在0.2～1.6 THz波段的光学与光谱特性,采用傅里叶变换得到被测样品的频域光谱,并计算获得THz吸收系数和折射率等光学参数。结果表明,不同品质小麦具有不同的折射率和吸收系数,其中正常小麦比霉变、虫蚀和发芽小麦的吸收系数和折射率都高,且吸收系数在有效波段随频率的增加而增加,进而可以根据其在THz波段的特征谱进行判别。THz-TDS在小麦品质检测中的应用,为该技术在储粮品质检测和分析中提供新的实验方法,具有重要的应用前景。     

Effect of laser radiation on optical properties of disk shaped quantum dot in magnetic fields

The optical absorption coefficients and changes in the refractive index in GaAs/AlGaAs, disk shaped quantum dots (DSQD) with simultaneously applied laser and magnetic field are studied in detail. The use of the density matrix formalism is made to study the variations in linear and non-linear polarizability with the frequency of the electric field. It is found that the absorption coefficient and the refractive index changes depend not only on the optical wave but also on the strength of the static magnetic field.     

Measurement of the third order nonlinear optical coefficients of GaP and chirp parameter of laser pulse

The spectral resolved femtosecond pump-probe experiment is applied to measure the third order nonlinear refractive index coefficient, two-photon absorption coefficient of GaP crystal, and the chirp parameter of the input laser pulses. The results show that nonlinear refractive index coefficient is 2× 10-18 m2/W, twophoton absorption coefficient is 2× 10-11 m/W at wavelength of 783.5 nm, and the chirp parameter of laser pulse is l× 1025 s-2. Furthermore, the mechanism of nonlinear refraction due to two-photon absorption in GaP crystal and experimental results are discussed.     

纤锌矿结构AlInN电子及光学性质的第一性原理研究

本文通过基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,研究了纤锌矿结构Al1-xInxN在不同In浓度下的稳固结构,以及电子和光学性质的变化规律。研究表明,AlInN不同In浓度的晶格结构都很稳定,说明AlInN的兼容性很好。晶格常数随In浓度的增大不断增大,而混晶的带隙则不断减小。并且随In浓度的增大,混晶在紫外光区的吸收系数、反射系数及折射率增大,吸收边、吸收峰和反射峰蓝移,且这两个峰的峰值减小。AlInN的吸收、反射和折射率曲线在Eg处出现峰值行为,此Eg处的峰值大小随In浓度的增加而增大。当In浓度达到87.5%时,混晶AlInN在紫外光区的吸收、反射和折射能力均达到最强,表明此时的掺杂效果最好。     

纤锌矿结构AlInN电子及光学性质的第一性原理研究

本文通过基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,研究了纤锌矿结构Al1-xInxN在不同In浓度下的稳固结构,以及电子和光学性质的变化规律。研究表明,AlInN不同In浓度的晶格结构都很稳定,说明AlInN的兼容性很好。晶格常数随In浓度的增大不断增大,而混晶的带隙则不断减小。并且随In浓度的增大,混晶在紫外光区的吸收系数、反射系数及折射率增大,吸收边、吸收峰和反射峰蓝移,且这两个峰的峰值减小。AlInN的吸收、反射和折射率曲线在Eg处出现峰值行为,此Eg处的峰值大小随In浓度的增加而增大。当In浓度达到87.5%时,混晶AlInN在紫外光区的吸收、反射和折射能力均达到最强,表明此时的掺杂效果最好。     

雷达波段内磁性吸波颗粒光散射特性分析

针对目前在微波雷达隐身技术中广泛运用的吸波材料颗粒,根据米氏(Mie)散射理论对磁性吸波颗粒在雷达波段内的光散射特性进行了数值模拟和计算分析.在Mie系数中引入磁导率变量,分别计算了磁导率、折射率及颗粒粒径等参数对吸波颗粒光散射特性的影响;同时对比分析了磁性与非磁性吸波颗粒的散射光强、散射系数、吸收系数等散射特性规律.数值计算结果表明,颗粒磁特性的变化对其散射性能造成影响,磁导率的增大将使颗粒的吸收性能增强而后向散射强度减弱,有利于吸波颗粒雷达散射截面的减小,同时磁导率变化对颗粒散射特性的影响受到复折射率的制约.     

不同温度的牛血清白蛋白的太赫兹光谱研究

利用太赫兹时域光谱技术，测量了加热到298，308，328和348 K的牛血清白蛋白(BSA)固体样本的低频光谱，测量过程中获得了BSA样本的折射系数曲线、吸收系数曲线。由于BSA样本的THz折射系数和吸收系数光谱曲线存在重叠现象，采用主成分分析法对BSA样本的折射系数、吸收系数、复介电系数虚部及介电损耗角正切，共四个太赫兹光谱参数进行分析，发现样本未变性前，介电损耗角的正切与牛血清白蛋白样本的温度最相关，相关系数达到99.76%。采用模糊聚类方法区分变性前后的BSA固体样本，建立不同温度的BSA模糊识别模型，发现可以将未变性的样本与已经变性的样本区分开，为检测不同温度蛋白质特性的太赫兹光谱法提供新的途径。     

太赫兹光谱技术用于干旱胁迫下大豆冠层含水量检测研究

近年来水资源短缺问题日益严重,部分地区由于农业灌溉用水不足导致庄稼减产农民利益受损。大豆是一种需水量较大的农作物,一旦水分亏缺将直接影响大豆植株的形态和生长发育,从而造成大豆品质降低和产量减少。大豆叶片的水分状况可真实地反映植株水分受土壤水分亏缺的影响程度,因此,大豆冠层叶片水分含量的快速获取成为一种需要。太赫兹辐射在水中的强烈衰减使其成为一种非常灵敏的非接触式探针,可以快速、无损地检测叶片含水量。因此基于太赫兹光谱这一新技术进行大豆冠层叶片含水量的检测研究,用于实时监测田间大豆的健康状况。实验选用中黄13号大豆进行栽培,为尽可能模拟田间不同程度的干旱胁迫状况,将开花期大豆进行5个不同梯度：正常供水、轻度干旱胁迫、中度干旱胁迫、重度干旱胁迫、严重干旱胁迫(分别占田间最大持水量的80%,65%,50%,35%,20%)的水分灌溉,每个梯度设置3个重复。利用人工称重法与便携式土壤水分速测仪结合将土壤含水量调控到各水分梯度要求。然后,将实验大豆植株运回实验室并利用透射式太赫兹时域光谱仪进行样本扫描,每个梯度采集18片冠层叶片,共90个样本,以2∶1的比例分为校正集和预测集。在获取各样本时域光谱数据后,根据Dorney和Duvillaret提出的模型进行了光学参数的提取,得到各样本的吸收系数谱以及折射率谱。定性分析了太赫兹时域光谱、吸收系数、折射率随水分胁迫程度不同的变化情况。实验发现：随着水分胁迫程度的降低,时域光谱的峰值呈不断衰减趋势,且均低于空白参考峰值,同时有明显的时间延迟。吸收系数值随干旱胁迫程度的加剧逐渐降低;折射率值同样随干旱胁迫程度的加剧逐渐降低。并利用偏最小二乘(PLS)和多元线性回归(MLR)方法定量研究了时域光谱、吸收系数、折射率光谱数据与叶片含水率的相关关系。结果表明,太赫兹波对大豆叶片水分差异十分敏感,基于时域光谱最大值和最小值的MLR预测精度最高,预测集相关性(r_p)达-0.939 3,均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.049 5。研究表明太赫兹光谱技术应用于大豆冠层叶片含水量观测具有良好的可行性,为开展大豆冠层含水量信息快速获取,实现科学节水管理与灌溉决策提供了新的检测手段和实验依据。     

Calculation of the absorption coefficients of optical materials by measuring the transmissivities and refractive indices

In this paper, a formula for accurate calculation of the absorption coefficient of optical material is deduced by the relationship of its transmissivity, refractive index and absorption coefficient. Because the values of transmissivity and refractive index of the optical material with a higher accuracy can be determined by the instruments or obtained directly from the references, the calculated results of the absorption coefficients with a higher accuracy is certified. The absorption coefficients of some optical materials are calculated with it, and the results are discussed.