N-烷基取代烯胺合成方法研究

本文研究了一种通用的N-烷基取代烯胺合成方法。着重探讨了反应物配比、催化剂用量、反应时间等条件对缩合反应的影响。在优化的工艺条件下,能获得纯度较好,收率较高的N-烷基取代烯胺。     

高效合成叔丁氧羰基氨基乙醛及其用于N-取代甘氨酸酯的合成

以3-氨基-1,2-丙二醇,甲酸二叔丁酯及其合成的醛和甘氨酸甲（乙）酯为原料,经碱性缩合、高碘酸钾氧化、亲核加成一消去和10%Pd/C催化还原,设计合成了几种标题化合物。该合成路线方便,且处理简单,产率为64%-84%。其结构经^1H NMR和^13C NMR确定。     

取代肉桂酰甘氨酸酯的合成

在N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)促进下,取代肉桂酸(1a^1g)与二氯亚砜(SOCl2)在20℃酰氯化反应0.5 h,再加入甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐,在40℃下酰胺化反应4 h,n(取代肉桂酸)/n(SOCl2)/n(甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐)=1.0/1.2/1.4,合成了一系列取代肉桂酰甘氨酸乙酯(2a^2g),其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、IR和MS(EI)确证。并探讨了NMP促进取代肉桂酰甘氨酸乙酯反应可能的机理。     

N-烃基-N''-取代苯基硫脲类化合物的合成

本文报道以丙酮为溶剂, 在三乙胺或三正丁胺的催化作用下, 通过异硫氰酸烃基酯与溴代邻氨基苯甲酸的加成反应合成了新的N-烃基-N'-取代苯基硫脲。     

N-甘氨酸基马来酰亚胺的合成研究

由于马来酸酐易发生水解反应,不能采用悬浮法和乳液法共聚而很大程度上限制了其应用。因此,合成既能克服马来酸酐缺点,又能保持其优点的可聚合单体—N-取代马来酰亚胺。N-对羧基苯基马来酰亚胺可广泛用作染料、药物以及功能高分子化合物中间体;五十岚喜雄等报道了N-取代苯马来酰亚胺类化合物具有抗微生物活性作用;环已基马来酰亚胺用于PMMA共聚改性,查显著提高PMMA的力学性能和耐热性,同时对PMMA耐候性和透光性几乎没有影响;艾娇艳H0等制备了含不对称碳原子的N-（异丙酸基）-马来酰亚胺。     

新型N-杂环取代查尔酮衍生物的合成

以4-二甲氨基苯甲醛与4'-氟苯乙酮为原料,经羟醛缩合反应制得4-二甲氨基-4'-氟查尔酮(1);1分别与咪唑、哌嗪等含氮杂环化合物经取代反应合成了6个新型的N-杂环取代查尔酮衍生物,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和IR表征。     

基于链状氨基酸N-手性季铵盐合成中的取代反应研究

手性季铵盐作为相转移催化剂(Phase-transfer catalysts ,PTC) 能使非均相反应在温和条件下进行,操作简单,反应速率加快,产率明显提高,因此这一技术在有机合成中具有广泛的应用.这些季铵盐主要是以金鸡钠生物碱衍生的[1,2],近年来出现了一些其它类型的季铵盐[3],但是它们的制备一般比较困难,大多数催化效果不是很理想;并且这些季铵盐的结构有一定局限,改造比较困难.同时这些季铵盐大都是 C-手性的,很少有N-手性的[4,5];在以前的不对称反应中,有意识地构建N-手性季铵盐及N-手性在不对称反应中的作用鲜有报道[6].     

N-烃基-N′-取代苯基硫脲类化合物的合成

N-烃基-N′-取代苯基硫脲具有多种重要的生物活性,如抗结核、抗真菌、除草及促进植物生长等功效。为了进一步研究此类化合物的性质,以期得到有生物活性的化合物,我们以丙酮为溶剂,在三乙胺或三正丁     

N,N-二甲基乙酰胺促进N-取代肉桂酰胺的合成

以肉桂酸为原料,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc, 4 mL)为促进剂,先与SOCl₂于0 ℃反应20 min,再与芳胺于25 ℃反应3 h,合成了10个N-取代肉桂酰胺(3a～3j),产率85.8%～96.5%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和EI-MS确证。提出了DMAc促进反应的可能机理。     

新型N-杂环取代苯乙酮衍生物的合成

以2-溴-4'-氟苯乙酮(1)为原料,在碳酸钾存在下分别与对甲酚(2a)和邻苯基苯酚(2d)反应制得2-芳氧基苯乙酮化合物(3a和3d);3a和3d分别与咪唑,N-甲基哌嗪和1-(2-嘧啶基)哌嗪经取代反应合成了6个新型的N-杂环取代苯乙酮衍生物,收率63%~81%,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和HR-MS表征。     

Synthesis and screening of peptoid arrays on cellulose membranes

Rapid synthesis and screening of compound libraries enables the accelerated identification of novel protein ligands in order to support processes like analysis of protein interactions, drug target discovery or lead structure discovery. SPOT synthesis—a well established method for the rapid preparation of peptide arrays—has recently been extended to the field of nonpeptides. In this contribution we report on the systematic evaluation of the SPOT technique for the assembly of N-alkylglycine (peptoid) library arrays. In the course of this investigation bromoacetic acid 2,4-dinitrophenylester (1a) was identified to be the most suited agent for bromoacetylation in terms of yield and N-selectivity enabling straightforward submonomer synthesis on hydroxy-group rich cellulose membranes. The potential of this method for the rapid identification of novel nonpeptidic protein ligands was demonstrated by synthesis and screening of a library consisting of 8000 peptoids and peptomers (i.e. their hybrids with α-substituted amino acids) allowing the identification of micromolar ligands for the monoclonal antibody Tab-2.     

基于肽的不对称催化剂

综述了肽作为有机催化剂以及金属配体在不对称催化反应中的应用, 概括了人们所发现的各种肽催化剂的结构、催化活性以及机理, 并对发现这些肽的过程中所采用的研究方法做了具体的介绍.     

Ugi reaction of thiouridocarboxylic acids: A synthesis of thiourea-peptoids

Benzoylthioureidocarboxylic acids, prepared from benzoyl chlorides, potassium thiocyanate, and α-aminoacids, are used as acid components in the Ugi reaction to produce thiourea-peptoids in moderate to good yields.     

Template-directed approach to solid-phase combinatorial synthesis of furan-based libraries

A novel furan based scaffold 5-hydroxymethylfurfural has been identified for the generation of combinatorial libraries using template directed approach on solid phase. This scaffold has been utilized to afford furan-based bi-heterocyclic structures with extensive chemical diversity using cycloaddition, multicomponent and cyclization reactions.     

Multistep solid-phase synthesis of an antibiotic and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors using the traceless phenylhydrazide linker

The hydrazide group is an oxidatively cleavable traceless linker for solid-phase chemistry. This linker technology was used to develop a multistep solid-phase synthesis of an antibiotic that is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Furthermore, we describe an efficient method for the traceless synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles that display dual inhibitory activity against the receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR-2 and Tie-2. The synthesis method proceeds through 9 steps on the solid phase and should give access to a much larger library of 2-aminothiazoles, from which a new class of anti-angiogenesis drugs may be developed.     

Exploring privileged structures: the combinatorial synthesis of cyclic peptides

Head-to-tail cyclic peptides have been reported to bind to multiple, unrelated classes of receptor with high affinity. They may therefore be considered to be privileged structures. This review outlines the strategies by which both macrocyclic cyclic peptides and cyclic dipeptides or diketopiperazines have been synthesised in combinatorial libraries. It also briefly outlines some of the biological applications of these molecules, thereby justifying their inclusion as privileged structures.     

Dynamic Amino Acid Side-Chains Grafting on Folded Peptide Backbone**

An efficient strategy for the synthesis of large libraries of conformationally defined peptides is reported, using dynamic combinatorial chemistry as a tool to graft amino acid side chains on a well-ordered 3D (3-dimension) peptide backbone. Combining rationally designed scaffolds with combinatorial side chains selection represents an alternative method to access peptide libraries for structures that are not genetically encodable. This method would allow a breakthrough for the discovery of protein mimetic for unconventional targets for which little is known.     

Combinatorial synthesis of an oligosaccharide library by using beta-bromoglycoside-mediated iterative glycosylation of selenoglycosides: rapid expansion of molecular diversity with simple building blocks

A new method for constructing an oligosaccharide library composed of structurally defined oligosaccharides is presented based on an iterative glycosylation of selenoglycosides. Treatment of 2-acyl-protected selenoglycosides with bromine selectively generates beta-bromoglycosides, which serve as glycosyl cation equivalents in the oligosaccharide synthesis. Thus, the coupling of the bromoglycosides with another selenoglycoside affords the corresponding glycosylated selenoglycosides, which can be directly used to next glycosylation. The iteration of this sequence allows the synthesis of a variety of oligosaccharides including an elicitor active heptasaccharide. A characteristic feature of the iterative glycosylation is that glycosyl donors and acceptors with the same anomeric reactivity can be selectively coupled by activation of the glycosyl donor prior to coupling with the glycosyl acceptor. Therefore, same selenoglycosides can be used for both the glycosyl donors and the acceptors. This feature has been exemplified by a construction of an oligosaccharide library directed to elicitor-active oligosaccharides. The library composed of stereochemically defined oligoglucosides with considerable structural diversity can be constructed starting from simple selenoglycosides.