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铜催化卤代芳烃进行氨解反应是构建碳氮键的重要方法。铜作为催化剂不仅便宜、丰富、相对低毒,而且可以通过几个氧化态进行循环催化。配体的发展则扩展了底物的适用范围,提高了官能团的兼容性和反应的选择性,使得该反应成为一种通用的制备芳胺的方法。本文以铜盐催化剂为线索,对该反应机理进行了简介,对近年来铜催化卤代芳烃的氨解反应的研究进展进行了综述和展望,并指出高活性和高选择性的催化体系依然有限,铜催化剂使用量仍然较大,氨和氯代芳烃的使用还不够广泛,而且关于该类反应详细机理的文献报道还缺乏。此外,发展一个新的、高效的和通用的氨解方法仍然显得极为迫切。 相似文献
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报道了用硫代硫酸钠脱去侧链保护氨基酸铜络合物中铜离子的新方法,该方法适用于合成Nδ-苄氧羰基鸟氨酸、Nδ-叔丁氧羰基鸟氨酸、Nδ-芴甲氧羰基鸟氨酸、Nδ-乙酰基鸟氨酸、Nδ-邻苯二甲酰基鸟氨酸、Nε-苄氧羰基赖氨酸、Nε-叔丁氧羰基赖氨酸、Nε-芴甲氧羰基赖氨酸、Nε-乙酰基赖氨酸、Nε-邻苯二甲酰基赖氨酸、γ-苄基谷氨酸、β-苄基天门冬氨酸.产物用元素分析法与1H NMR法进行了表征.探讨了反应温度、时间、投料比例、溶剂对脱铜反应的影响.实验结果表明,以硫代硫酸钠作为脱铜试剂,侧链保护氨基酸铜络合物与硫代硫酸钠的物质的量比为1∶1或1∶2,60℃反应1.5~2.0h,收率与产物纯度均较高.该方法简便、高效、环境友好. 相似文献
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An efficient and simple protocol of copper-catalyzed C-S bond formation between aryl halides and inexpensive and commercially available aminothiourea is reported.A variety of symmetrical diaryl sulfides can be synthesized in good to excellent yields up to 94%with the advantage of avoiding foul-smelling thiols. 相似文献
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K. Harsha Vardhan ReddyV. Prakash Reddy J. ShankarB. Madhav B.S.P. Anil KumarY.V.D. Nageswar 《Tetrahedron letters》2011,52(21):2679-2682
Recyclable copper oxide nanoparticles catalyzed simple and highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of symmetrical aryl sulfides was developed by the cross-coupling of aromatic halides with inexpensive and commercially available thiourea which was used as an effective sulfur surrogate. The present cross-coupling protocol of thiourea, via cascade reaction with various substituted aryl halides, producing desired aryl sulfides, has an added advantage of avoiding foul-smelling thiols. 相似文献
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Xavier Moreau 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2003,687(2):322-326
Palladium catalyzed cystein thiol cross-coupling reactions with aryl and vinyl halides have been investigated: Pd2dba3-CHCl3 and dppf are the key choice in these reactions. The role of the base in these reactions was also questioned: it has been shown that base can be replaced by an HX-scavenger such as propylene oxide. 相似文献
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[reaction: see text] Diaryl sulfides have been prepared by direct nickel(II)-catalyzed coupling of thiols with iodoaryl bound to SynPhase polystyrene lanterns in the presence of polymer-supported borohydride. 相似文献
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In the presence of LiCl, CuI-catalyzed coupling reaction of R(alkyl)-X with Ar(aryl)MgBr at rt was completed within 2 h. Effective leaving groups X in R-X were Br, I, OTs, but not Cl. Grignard reagents ArMgBr with both standard and bulky Ar such as 2-MeC6H4, 2-MeOC6H4, and 2,6-(Me)2C6H3 afforded the desired products in good yields. Ester and cyano groups in R-X were tolerated. Coupling reaction with R(alkyl)-MgBr proceeded as well. 相似文献
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With the proper choice of solvent, palladium on charcoal acts as an efficient catalyst in the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of aryl bromides. The catalytically active species in the process is probably palladium, which leaches into the solution but returns onto the surface of the charcoal at the end of the reaction. 相似文献
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Synthesis and utilization of a simple copper on iron catalyst in the coupling of aryl halides with thiols through disulfide intermediate is reported. The iron support of copper catalyst ensures reductive media for the coupling, allows easy removal of the metals by outer magnetic field and enables the recycling of the catalyst. 相似文献
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K.G. Thakur 《Tetrahedron letters》2009,50(24):2865-5152
A wide range of arylated alkynes are synthesized from the corresponding aryl halides and terminal alkynes through Sonogashira type cross-coupling reactions through C(aryl)-C bond formation in the presence of a catalytic amount of N,N′-dibenzyl BINAM-CuI complex under mild reaction conditions. 相似文献
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Recyclable Cu-nanoparticles provide an efficient, economic, and novel method for the synthesis of diaryl ethers via Ullmann type coupling. This method provides a wide range of substrate applicability and avoids the use of a heavy metal co-catalyst and gives diaryl ethers in satisfactory yields. 相似文献
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[reaction: see text] N-Boc aryl hydrazines undergo Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions with aryl halides to provide N-Boc diaryl hydrazines in excellent yields. The resulting N-Boc diaryl hydrazines were directly oxidized with NBS/pyridine in CH(2)Cl(2) at room temperature to the azobenzenes. 相似文献