How to Determine the Amplitude-Phase Structure of a 2D Optical Field and a 2D Complex Transfer Function, with the Effect of the Medium Described by Convolution

We consider the solution to the phase problem in optics in application to registration and analysis of the amplitude–phase structure of twodimensional optical fields that form or transmit images, as well as the amplitude–phase structure of transfer and spread functions of media, in which light propagates, or those of systems that form fields or images. The idea of our method is to introduce two additional modulators that visualize phase information. We consider two variants of optical schemes designed for analyzing the amplitudephase characteristics of twodimensional optical fields as well as twodimensional complex transfer and spread functions. These schemes are special because the twodimensional structure of the fields is transmitted at a distance in a disturbing medium or system and four independent twodimensional intensity distributions are to be registered in the course of processing the twodimensional fields. To solve the problem, the first additional modulation preceding the transmitting medium is introduced in the scheme. Then the spectrum of spatial frequencies is formed by the optical system. The second additional spatial modulation is applied either in the optical system plane (the first variant of the scheme) or in the plane of spatial frequencies formed by the optical system (the second variant). A separate optical system is used for registration in the plane of spatial frequencies in the first variant of the scheme and in the image plane in the second variant. The intensity distributions obtained make it possible to solve the problem.     

光纤通信系统中色散与自相位调制作用下的频域传递函数

由基本物理过程出发,导出了数字或模拟强度调制光通信系统中,包含光纤损耗,色散和自相位调制综合作用下的光功率频域传递函数,由此得到了任意功率波形在传输过程中的演化表达式及各项的物理意义,结果表明,自相位调制导致的功率变化在低频部分与调制频率的平方成正比,在高频部分则与调制频率的平方的正弦成正比。解析公式与数值模拟结果在小调制信号下相符得很好,特别适用于计算非线性效应对系统噪声的影响以及诸如双边带和单边带微波调制光通信系统等情况;在诸如非归零码的大调制信号下,本文公式仍能正确地表示传输后的波形,对系统设计和分析有指导意义。     

一种软铋矿空间光调制器调制传递函数的分析

将基于软铋矿BSO光折变晶体的非对称结构光寻址空间光调制器的内部功能实现过程进行合理划分,对其中的一个关键部分进行理论分析,得到相应脉冲响应函数的主要解析表达式,并对调制传递函数的空间频率响应受到绝缘层介电常数、晶体层厚度以及晶体层内电荷纵向分布等因素的影响进行了数值分析和讨论。讨论分析和补充验证实验表明,功能实现过程各组成部分之间有着紧密的内在联系,分析结果能够反映整个功能实现过程涉及的各主要因素对调制传递函数空间频率响应的影响。对于如何通过合理选择和优化材料特性、结构参数、工作条件等因素,提高此类空间光调制器调制传递函数的空间频率响应特性具有一定的指导意义。     

部分相干光学成像系统的光学传递函数和像质评价准则

根据光学成像理论，建立了部分相干成像光学系统的光学传递函数。该函数与非相干成像光学系统传递函数相同，因而部分相干成像和非相干成像两者的光学系统波面像差公差标准也是相同的。这一点解释了显微镜光学系统的光学设计惯用法则：镜头像差公差标准的选择，并不因为采用成像照明方式的不同而有所差异。     

光学低通滤波器的光学传递函数分析

光电成像系统的抽样过程会引起图像频谱在频谱空间上的多次复制,如果抽样过程不满足系统的奈奎斯特条件,相邻的频谱项就会产生混叠.光学传递函数可以反映系统中光学成像,抽样和重建等各个过程对图像信号频谱的响应.通过对使用光学低通滤波器(OLPF)光电成像系统的光学传递函数的分析,表明光学低通滤波器可以有效地限制图像的频谱宽度,使抽样满足奈奎斯特条件,达到消除频谱混叠,改善重建图像质量的目的.     

色散型光谱仪采样调制传递函数及对高斯型光谱谱线的影响

光电探测器参数的选择对色散型光谱仪性能具有重要影响,有必要对光谱仪中光电探测器的离散采样过程进行深入探讨.文章从频率域的角度出发,建立了采样模型,探讨了输入余弦信号的空间频率、光电探测器采样的像元宽度及像元的初始相位对采样结果的影响.引入取整函数,给出了统一的采样调制传递函数表达式,提出并计算了平均采样调制传递函数,消去了初始相位的影响,便于实际应用.对于色散型光谱仪光学系统产生的典型高斯型光谱谱线,将高斯谱线的傅里叶变换与平均采样调制传递函数相乘,得出了光谱仪整系统的调制传递函数表达式.在频率域分析了采样过程的平均混叠误差与空间频率的关系,研究了平均混叠误差极大值与高斯光谱谱线宽度的关系,并给出了要精确恢复谱线所需谱线宽度的阈值.该阈值对于光谱仪系统的光学参数选择有重要的参考意义.     

Optical Transfer Function of a Binary Markovian Mixture

A system of differential equations describing the optical transfer function (OTF) of a binary Markovian mixture is considered in a small-angle approximation. Its analytical solution has been found for the case where the mixture components have different extinction and scattering coefficients but identical scattering indicatrixes. The results of investigation show that the optical transfer function of the binary Markovian mixture depends strongly on the dimensions of nonuniformities and on the difference between the optical parameters of the mixture components, but it always markedly exceeds the optical transfer function of a uniform medium.     

自相位调制和交叉相位调制共同作用下抽运探测波结构中的信号扰动研究

针对强度调制直接检测波分复用系统研究了抽运探测波结构中自相位调制和交叉相位调制共同作用下的光信号传输,给出了确定任意抽运信号下的探测波时域波形及强度调制率的理论解析方法,分析了信道间隔、传输速率对于交叉相位调制的影响,发现抽运波自相位调制的作用主要体现在使探测波时域强度调制率有所增大,解析结果和数值仿真能较好地吻合。     

Amplitude-Phase Modulation,Topological Horseshoe and Scaling Attractor of a Dynamical System

A three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system is discussed in this paper. Some basic dynamical properties of the system, including phase portrait, Poincar'e map, power spectrum, Kaplan-Yorke dimension, Lyapunov exponent spectra, signal amplitude and topological horseshoe are studied theoretically and numerically. The main finding by analysis is that the signal amplitude can be modulated via controlling the coefficients of the linear term, cross-product term and squared term simultaneously or respectively, and the phase of x₃ can be modulated by the product of the coefficients of the linear term and cross-product term. Furthermore, scaling chaotic attractors of this system are achieved by modified projective synchronization with an optimization-based linear coupling method, which is safer for secure communications than the existed synchronization scheme since the scaling factors can be regarded as the security encoding key.     

航天光学遥感器在轨调制传递函数神经网络评价方法

通过对航天光学遥感器在轨调制传递函数模型和遥感图像的分析,找出遥感图像中与调制传递函数有关的特征信息,采用神经网络为工具,完成利用遥感器传输下来的任意一幅地面景物图像进行调制传递函数的评价。首先模拟出包含不同调制传递函数等级的遥感图像,组成训练样本集,再从图像中分别提取出直接与调制传递函数有关的特征参量和与景物结构有关的特征参量,作为神经网络的输入,网络通过对训练样本集中模拟出的大量调制传递函数已知的遥感图像训练后,当再次输入一幅调制传递函数未知的遥感图像时,便能够正确估计出其调制传递函数值。这种方法不需要在地面铺设靶标或预先获得调制传递函数已知的同一地面景物的航空图像作为参考,只需获得任意一幅地面景物图像即可完成对遥感器调制传递函数的评价。实验结果表明,当不考虑噪声对调制传递函数的影响时,对调制传递函数的评价误差约为6%,而在考虑噪声时,评价误差约为9%。     

图像二维运动时的光学传递函数计算

随着空间科学技术的发展,空间遥感,侦察的能力日益提高,对光学成像系统的分辨率的要求也越来越高。但是这种高分辨率成像系统的成像质量要受到机械振动的影响。可用运动光学传递函数来评价存在机械振动的光学系统的成像特性,本文探讨了计算运动光学传递函数的一种新方法－统计矩法,研究了当光学系统所成的像在二维方向上存在的运动时的运动光学传递函数的解析与数值方法。该方法可以计算任何形式的图像运动导致的成像质量的下降,而且可以很方便地应用到一维运动的情况。     

Modulation Transfer Function of Blazed Diffractive Optics Produced by Diamond Turning

In blazed diffractive optics produced by the diamond turning process, the finite size of the tool determines the decrease in diffraction efficiency of the desired order. Diffracted light of other orders degrades the image quality. To analyze the influence of the tool, we evaluate diffraction efficiency and phase of periodic gratings based on the electromagnetic theory and calculate modulation transfer function using a linear system approach.     

Optical-Information Transfer Through Perturbing Media and Determination of the Transfer Function

A version of the solution of the problem of simultaneous determination of the structure and characteristics of a two-dimensional signal and of two-dimensional complex transfer or instrumental functions is considered. The solution is based on measurements of four independent intensity distributions for spectral representation of a signal: I_sr(W_x, W_y) for a signal subjected to the transfer function, I_smrn(W_x, W_y) for a signal affected by additional specially produced modulation and the transfer function, I_srn(W_x, w_y) for a signal of the form I_sr(W_x, W_y) with a certain additional modulation at the output, and /₅mm(w_x,u/_y) for a signal of the form I_smr(W_x, W_y) with a certain additional modulation at the output. The intensity distributions obtained in the work make it possible to calculate the amplitude and phase components of the signal being analyzed and the transfer function. Additional modulations should provide visualization of phase information in one form or another.Linear amplitude modulation, which represents a particular form of spatial modulation, is analyzed. For this case, concrete expressions making it possible to calculate the amplitude and phase characteristics of the spectra of the signal being analyzed and the transfer function and, therefore, the characteristics of both the signal itself and the transfer function are obtained.     

The Multifocus Structure of Radiation upon Femtosecond Filamentation of an Optical Vortex in a Medium with an Anomalous Group Velocity Dispersion

Optics and Spectroscopy - We analyze numerically the femtosecond filamentation of a vortex beam with the topological charge m = 1 at wavelength λ0 = 1800 nm in fused silica under anomalous...     

应用波像差理论计算鱼眼镜头调制传递函数

基于平面对称光学系统的波像差理论,给出了鱼眼镜头各类像差的波像差计算表达式,利用自相关积分法计算了它的调制传递函数,采用8节点的高斯-勒让德数值积分方法求解了其自相关积分;分析了鱼眼镜头倍率色差对确定空间频率光栅的相位改变量,给出了C(656.3nm)、D(589.3nm)、F(486.1nm)离散光谱的倍率色差的调制传递函数计算表达式.利用本文方法和Zemax快速傅里叶变换法分别计算两个鱼眼镜头系统的调制传递函数,并进行了对比.结果表明,对于中小孔径的鱼眼镜头成像系统,本文方法和仿真得到的结果较好地吻合.     

痕量锗的HG-ICP测定及介质对其测定的影响的研究

采用氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定痕量锗的方法,系统地考察了不同酸介质、NaBH₄浓度及共存元素的影响,确定了最佳测定条件。方法的检出限为0.2 ng·mL-1,精密度为0.9%。用环境标准物质进行对照,其测定值均在给定的标准范围之内。并且针对反应介质对锗测定的影响,进行了详尽的研究。     

矩形波板法测量光锥与CCD耦合器件的光学传递函数

本文采用直接对矩形波板成像的办法,测得系统的对比传递函数,然后再利用系统对比传递函数与系统的调制传递函数的关系,得到系统的调制传递函数.该方法克服了传统刀口扫描法的缺陷,消除了由于离散型光学元件的离散性产生的空间非平移不变性的影响,减小了测量误差,提高了精确度.     

Diffusion Coefficient of a Brownian Particle with a Friction Function Given by a Power Law

Nonequilibrium biological systems like moving cells or bacteria have been phenomenologically described by Langevin equations of Brownian motion in which the friction function depends on the particle’s velocity in a nonlinear way. An important subclass of such friction functions is given by power laws, i.e., instead of the Stokes friction constant γ ₀ one includes a function γ(v)∼v ^2α . Here I show using a recent analytical result as well as a dimension analysis that the diffusion coefficient is proportional to a simple power of the noise intensity D like D ^{(1−α)/(1+α)} (independent of spatial dimension). In particular the diffusion coefficient does not depend on the noise intensity at all, if α=1, i.e., for a cubic friction F _fric=−γ(v)v∼v ³. The exact prefactor is given in the one-dimensional case and a fit formula is proposed for the multi-dimensional problem. All results are confirmed by stochastic simulations of the system for α=1, 2, and 3 and spatial dimension d=1, 2, and 3. Conclusions are drawn about the strong noise behavior of certain models of self-propelled motion in biology.