利用琼斯矩阵分析全偏振光通过旋光器件的邦加球表示

用琼斯矩阵表示旋光器件．用琼斯矢量表示偏振光．计算椭圆偏振光通过旋光器件后的琼斯矢量，分析椭圆偏振光通过旋光器件的邦加球表示。结果表明．用此法得到的结论与已有结论一致。     

基于Pancharatnam-Berry相位调控产生混合偏振矢量光束

提出了一种基于Pancharatnam-Berry(PB)相位调控产生混合偏振矢量光束的方法.按照光轴随空间坐标变化的规律,用相位延迟为π的PB相位元件对PB相位进行操控,获得局域偏振为线偏振的矢量光束,将此矢量光束入射到四分之一波片,产生混合偏振矢量光束.通过测定斯托克斯参数重构输出光场的偏振分布,实验结果表明:当以θ0=0的线偏振光入射时,输出光场包含庞加莱球上垂直于S3轴经线圆上所有偏振态的混合矢量光场;当以θ0=π/2的线偏振光入射时,输出光场包含庞加莱球上垂直于S1轴经线圆上所有偏振态的混合矢量光场.     

旋转检偏器式自动椭偏仪检偏器方位角的校正方法

给出了一种旋转检偏器式激光自动椭偏仪检偏器方位角的校正方法。方法的基本点是测量同一样品在不同起偏器方位角时反射光偏振状态的斯托克斯参数,根据偏振光的Poincar(?)球表示,借助于坐标旋转来确定检偏器偏振方向相对于入射面的初始方位角。实际的测量结果证明此方法是正确的。     

基于达曼光栅的快照式斯托克斯偏振测量方法

斯托克斯偏振测量常被用于获取光束的偏振特性。提出一种利用偏振无关的达曼光栅快照式测量偏振光束斯托克斯参量的方法。偏振光束通过达曼光栅后在空间对称的位置上被分成4束,这4束光经波片和线偏振器调制后,最终被CCD采集。将单次快照采集的光强图简单叠加运算就可计算得到偏振光束的斯托克斯参量,并可进一步计算得到偏振光束的偏振分布、矢量质量因子（VQF）和模间相位。所提测量方法对不同椭圆偏振光的测量结果与商用偏振测量仪的测量结果之间的平均相对误差为6.97%。所提方法的测量装置简单,无需转动任何器件,单次快照就可完成测量,具有可靠的测量精度。     

Jones矩阵在偏振光实验中的应用

将Jones矩阵应用于偏振光实验研究,通过偏振光的Jones矢量表示和偏振器件的Jones矩阵,分析了偏振光通过偏振器件后偏振态的变化,准确方便地解释了偏振光实验中的实验现象。     

利用1/4波片调整左、右旋偏振光的理论研究

首先利用斯托克斯矢量法分析了一束自然光通过起偏器和 1/ 4波片后的偏振态 ,指出了出射光偏振态变化的原因 ,然后将起偏器和 1/ 4波片二者之一固定 ,转动另一器件来分析出射光的偏振态变化 ,找出了出射光是左旋偏振光还是右旋偏振光的分界点 ,并由此推导出了将左 (右 )旋偏振光调为右 (左 )旋偏振光的新方法     

基于偏振相机的全斯托克斯偏振仪优化研究

通过在分焦平面(DoFP)偏振相机前置相位延迟器,可将线偏振斯托克斯矢量的测量拓展为全斯托克斯矢量(FSV)的测量。针对基于DoFP相机的FSV偏振仪,提出了两种分别利用矩阵分解和伪逆模型估算FSV的优化策略。针对不同的FSV估算模型,这两种优化策略在两次光强采集的条件下可最小化测算方差,从而实现了测量精度的最优化。特别地,利用DoFP相机固有的测量冗余特性,提出了基于两次光强采集的波片相位延迟量自标定解析解,该自标定算法可在实际应用中替代波片相位延迟量标定环节,同时为动态变化环境下的实时偏振测量提供技术支撑。     

偏振光的χ矢量表示及应用

从Jones矢量的定义中引入了χ矢量,利用该矢量的定义给出了偏振光的χ矢量复平面表示,在该二维复平面上,确定了各个点与偏振光的态势相对应的关系.同时证明了与Jones矢阵的本征态有关的几个重要的结论:任何光学系统的Jones矩阵都有两个本征态;旋光介质的两个本征态是左旋和右旋圆偏振光;偏振器的本征态是两个正交的线偏振光;双折射介质的两个本征态是分别沿快、慢轴方向的线偏振光.     

Lyot型单色光退偏器设计与研究

为了实现单色线偏振光的退偏,在Lyot型退偏器的基础上,设计了一种新型退偏器。该器件由2个慢轴夹角为45的1/4波片组成,通过对透射光的叠加分析,发现该退偏器可将任意振动方位角的线偏振光转化为强度稳定的圆偏振光,并得到其退偏度表达式。针对633 nm波段,精选2个1/4波片制作样品,并测试其退偏度。测试结果表明:对不同方位角的线偏振光,退偏器退偏度超过94%,当微调入射角时,退偏度则达到97%以上。     

实现圆偏振光非对称传输的完全光子禁带光波导异质结构的设计

从理论上提出了一种可以实现圆偏振光波非对称传输的器件设计。该器件是由锗、硅以及空气孔洞构成的具有完全光子禁带的二维光子晶体异质结构。本研究通过在光子晶体中引入线缺陷,构成能够实现高正向透射的光波导结构,同时设计可将光波发散的微腔结构并结合全反射原理抑制反向入射光,实现圆偏振光非对称传输,最终实现了圆偏振光在光通信波段(1550 nm)附近的高正向透射率(可达0.726)的非对称传输。圆偏振是具有固定相位差(π/2)的任意正交线偏振光的线性叠加,本研究设计的结构同时可以实现任意线偏振光的非对称传输,因此具有广泛的应用前景,其应用领域包括量子通信、信息处理、集成光学。     

Modeling and simulation of polarization errors in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor

Sagnac fiber optic current sensor (S-FOCS) is a kind of optical interferometer based on Sagnac structure, optical polarization states of sensing light wave in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor are limited. However, several factors induce optical polarization error, and non-ideal polarized light waves cause the interference signal crosstalk in sensor, including polarizer, quarter-wave retarder, splice angular, birefringence and so on. With these errors, linearly polarized light wave in PM fiber and circularly polarized light wave in sensing fiber become elliptically polarized light wave, then, nonreciprocal phase shift induced by magnetic field of the current is interrupted by wrong polarization state. To clarify characteristics of optical polarization error in fiber optic current sensor, we analyze the evolution process of random optical polarization state, linear optical polarization state and circular optical polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor by using Poincare sphere, then, build optical polarization error models by using Jones matrix. Based on models of polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor, we investigate the influence of several main error factors on optical polarization error characteristics theoretically, including extinction ratio in polarizer, phase delay in quarter-wave retarder, splice angular between quarter-wave retarder and polarization maintaining fiber. Finally, we simulate and quantify nonreciprocal phase shift to be detected in fiber optic current sensor related with optical polarization errors. In the end, we demonstrate S-FOCS in test. The results show that transfer matrix errors are induced by inaccurate polarization properties during polarization state conversion, then, the stability and accuracy of the S-FOCS are affected, and it is important to control the polarization properties at each step of the polarization state conversion precisely.     

Mimicking optical activity for generating radially polarized light

We propose a new scheme for generating radially polarized light by mimicking optical activity using linear birefringence. It involves a birefringent spirally varying retarder sandwiched between two orthogonally oriented quarter-wave plates. Using Poincaré sphere representation, we show that the polarization transformation of such a scheme is equivalent to that of a spirally varying optical activity and is capable of generating radially polarized light. We demonstrate the proof-of-concept using y-cut crystalline quartz.     

Fast switchable electro-optic radial polarization retarder

A fast and switchable electro-optic radial polarization retarder (EO-RPR) fabricated using the electro-optic ceramic Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) is presented. This EO-RPR is useful for fast and switchable generation of a pure cylindrical vector beam. When used together with a pair of half-wave plates, the EO-RPR can change circularly polarized light into any cylindrical vector beam of interest, such as radially or azimuthally polarized light. Radially and azimuthally polarized light with purities greater than 95% are generated experimentally. The advantages of using EO-RPR include fast response time, low driving voltage, and transparency in a wide spectral range (500 to 7,000 nm).     

三环非均匀混合偏振同轴矢量光束的聚焦特性

基于Richards-Wolf矢量衍射积分公式,数值分析了同轴三环非均匀混合偏振矢量光束经过高数值孔径透镜的聚焦特性。该矢量光束由同轴三环局域线偏振矢量光束通过一个相位延迟角为δ的液晶相位延迟器产生,光束偏振变为包含线偏振、圆偏振和椭圆偏振的混合态。同轴三环局域线偏振矢量光束的偏振分布是由径向向内偏振的外环光束、径向向外偏振的内环光束和线偏振方向与径向方向夹角为φ2的中环光束构成。数值模拟结果显示该混合偏振矢量光束的聚焦强度分布与参数φ2和相位延迟角δ密切相关,当选取适当的φ2和δ时,在焦平面附近产生沿光轴方向的三维多点光俘获结构——暗光链,这在光学微操纵领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

Detection Theory of Polydispersities by Dynamic Light Scattering

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影响空间变化偏振矢量光束强聚焦后焦斑移位的因素

利用衍射积分公式数值模拟了不同阶次的空间变化偏振矢量贝塞尔高斯(BG)光束经过强聚焦系统后在焦点附近的强度分布。数值结果显示空间变化偏振矢量BG光束聚焦后在光束传播轴负方向存在焦斑移位现象,其焦斑移位的大小与光束的模阶次、光束宽度、波长以及局部偏振状态密切相关。矢量光束偏振态的变化依靠液晶相位延迟器(LCVR)的相位延迟角度来控制,由于LCVR的相位延迟角度可以在0～π之间连续变化,从而改变光束的局部偏振状态,间接实现了对矢量光束焦斑移位大小的实时控制,在光学微操纵领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统波片相位延迟误差分析

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像仪具有实时性好、空间分辨率高、精度高等优点,有很高的应用价值.分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统利用偏振分束器、1/2波片和1/4波片将入射光Stokes矢量调制在4幅图像中,可解析入射光Stokes矢量. 1/2波片和1/4波片的相位延迟误差对Stokes矢量测量精度有着不可忽略的影响.建立了包含上述两种误差的Stokes矢量测量误差方程,分析了1/2波片和1/4波片相位延迟耦合误差对自然光、0°/45°线偏光、左旋圆偏光等典型基态入射光的Stokes矢量测量误差的影响,推导了任意偏振态的Stokes矢量测量误差的表征方法.在邦加球球面和球内选取不同偏振度的Stokes矢量作为入射光进行仿真.结果表明, Stokes矢量测量误差和偏振度测量误差均随着入射光偏振度的增大而增大.选取入射光偏振度为1时的偏振测量精度评估系统.为满足2%的偏振测量精度, 1/2波片相位延迟误差应在±1.6°内, 1/4波片相位延迟误差应在±0.5°内.这对提高系统的偏振测量精度具有重要意义,为系统设计和研制提供了重要的理论指导.     

Higher-order Poincaré sphere, stokes parameters, and the angular momentum of light

A higher-order Poincaré sphere and Stokes parameter representation of the higher-order states of polarization of vector vortex beams that includes radial and azimuthal polarized cylindrical vector beams is presented. The higher-order Poincaré sphere is constructed by naturally extending the Jones vector basis of plane wave polarization in terms of optical spin angular momentum to the total optical angular momentum that includes higher dimensional orbital angular momentum. The salient properties of this representation are illustrated by its ability to describe the higher-order modes of optical fiber waveguides, more exotic vector beams, and a higher-order Pancharatnam-Berry geometric phase.     

A phase quadrature interferometer for measuring the small optical rotation angle of a chiral medium

The passage of a linearly polarized beam through a chiral material and a phase retarder will induce a phase difference between the s and p polarizations of the beam. In this study, a phase quadrature interferometer is designed to measure the phase difference variation proportional to the optical rotation. The proportionality constant (or measurement sensitivity) can be greatly enhanced by setting the retardation of the phase retarder close to 0° or 180°. The experimental results demonstrate that with our system we can obtain a measurement resolution for the rotational angle of better than 3.5° × 10⁻⁴. This method has several advantages such as a simple optical setup, easier operation in real time, and low cost. In addition, due to the common-path arrangement, surrounding noise can be eliminated.