N503为载体的支撑液膜体系中汞(Ⅱ)的迁移研究

研究了以多孔聚偏氟乙烯为支撑体,N503为膜载体,煤油为膜溶剂的支撑液膜体系中Hg(Ⅱ)的迁移行为,测定了Hg(Ⅱ)与N503在煤油溶剂中的萃合物组成和条件萃取常数,考察了料液相pH值、载体浓度、料液相及反萃相中Cl-浓度等因素对Hg(Ⅱ)迁移的影响,获得Hg(Ⅱ)迁移的最佳条件:料液相pH=2.5～3.0,Cl-浓度为0.1 mol/L,载体浓度为0.706 mol/L,反萃相中Cl-浓度为0.8 mol/L.在最佳实验条件下,当Hg(Ⅱ)起始浓度为5.0×10-5 mol/L时,迁移120 min,Hg(Ⅱ)的迁移率可达99.6%.Hg(Ⅱ)在N503-煤油支撑液膜体系中的扩散层厚度δa为1.57×10-5 m,膜内扩散系数d0为7.26×10-13 m2/s,确立了Hg(Ⅱ) 的渗透系数P方程.     

多孔聚丙烯支撑液膜中镉的传输研究

研究了以多孔聚丙烯膜为支撑体, PC-88A/CHCl3为膜载体的金属离子 Cd(Ⅱ )支撑液膜传输行为; 考察了料液相 pH值、载体浓度、温度和起始浓度对 Cd(Ⅱ )传输的影响, 并对该体系富集、传输 Cd(Ⅱ )的最佳条件进行了讨论; 从界面化学和扩散传质角度提出了金属离子的传输动力学方程, 采用直线斜率法对 Cd(Ⅱ )在支撑液膜体系中的扩散层厚度(δ a=8.14× 10- 6 m)和膜内扩散系数( d0=5.43× 10- 10 m2/s)进行了测定, 取得满意结果.     

支撑液膜在线萃取富集流动注射荧光光度法测定水中痕量苯酚

选用无毒性的磷酸三丁酯为流动载体, 煤油为膜溶剂的液膜萃取体系, 建立了支撑液膜在线萃取富集流动注射荧光光度法测定水中痕量苯酚的新方法. 对实验条件进行了优化. 方法的检出限为0.4 μg/L, 线性范围为1～180 μg/L.     

分散支撑液膜体系中Pb2+离子的传输

在现有支撑液膜分离技术的理论研究基础上,探索合适的液膜分离体系,研究了Pb(Ⅱ)在PC-88A-煤油-HCl分散支撑液膜体系中的传输行为;考察了料液pH值、膜溶液与解析剂体积比、解析相中HCl浓度以及Pb(Ⅱ)的起始浓度对Pb(Ⅱ)传输的影响。 结果表明,以HCl为解析剂,料液相pH=5.25、膜溶液与解析剂体积比为160∶40、解析相中HCl浓度为5.00 mol/L时,该分散支撑液膜体系对金属Pb(Ⅱ)具有良好的传输作用。 在选取的最佳传输条件下,料液相中Pb(Ⅱ)的初始浓度为3.00×10-4 mol/L时,传输190 min,传输率可达88.9％,而传统支撑液膜只有72.3％。 分散支撑液膜不仅具有较高的传输效率,而且膜体系稳定,膜的使用寿命长。     

分散支撑液膜中金属镍(Ⅱ)的迁移研究

研究了以聚偏氟乙烯膜(PVDF)为支撑体,煤油为膜溶剂,有机膦酸为流动载体的分散支撑液膜(DSLM)中金属Ni(Ⅱ)的传输行为;考察了载体种类、料液相pH、Ni(Ⅱ)起始浓度、分散相中H2SO4浓度以及膜溶液与H2SO4溶液体积比对Ni(Ⅱ)传输的影响,并对该体系富集、传输Ni(Ⅱ)的最佳条件进行了讨论;从界面化学和扩散传质角度提出了Ni(Ⅱ)在DSLM中传质动力学方程,采用直线斜率法对扩散层厚度以及金属离子在膜内的扩散系数进行了计算.     

支撑液膜在线萃取富集流动注射分光光度法测定水中的痕量铅

研究了以双硫腙为流动载体,煤油为膜溶剂的支撑液膜萃取体系,建立了支撑液膜在线萃取富集流动注射分光光度法测定水中痕量铅(Ⅱ)的新方法。优化了支撑液膜萃取富集条件,优化结果为:试样pH=6,反萃液柠檬酸浓度为0.5 mol/L,载体双硫腙浓度为0.03%,膜孔径为0.3μm,富集时间为30 m in。在此条件下,方法的检出限为0.2μg/L;线性范围为0.5~100μg/L。应用于自来水、河水和工业污水中铅(Ⅱ)的检测,结果满意。     

N263和TBP为协同流动载体的液膜体系分离钐(Ⅲ)和钆(Ⅲ)的研究

研究了N263和TBP为协同载体的液膜体系分离钐和钆的行为.考察了膜相添加剂、内水相反萃剂、外水相盐析剂和膜相中载体浓度对传质分离的影响.当用TBP作为膜相添加剂时,N263能很好地溶解在煤油中.N263-TBP-LMA-1-煤油和NH₄NO₃协同流动载体液膜体系在迁移稀土离子时表现出"倒序"特性,与单纯的N263体系相比,该体系对钐、钆具有较高的选择性.     

支撑液膜在线萃取富集流动注射分光光度法测定水中痕量苯胺

选用无毒性的磷酸三丁酯为载体，煤油为膜溶剂的支撑液膜萃取体系，建立了支撑液膜在线萃取富集流动注射分光光度法测定河水中苯胺的新方法。对实验条件进行了优化。实验结果表明：在内相pH=2,外相pH=11，膜相组成为15%TBP-85%煤油，富集时间为13min的最优条件下，方法的检出限为0.04mg/L；线性范围为0.1-4mg/L。应用于河水中痕量苯胺的检测，结果满意。     

离子液体内耦合液膜迁移苯酚的研究

本文以N-甲基咪唑为原料,采用微波合成法,制备了疏水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BMIM]PF6),并将其作为液膜,对苯酚的内耦合液膜迁移进行了研究,考察了温度、搅拌速度、料液相酸度、初始浓度及解析相NaOH浓度等因素对苯酚迁移的影响,得出了最佳迁移条件:温度300 K,搅拌速度350 r/min,料液相pH为3.65,解析相NaOH浓度为0.8 mol/L.在最佳液膜条件下,对于10 mg/L苯酚溶液,迁移110 min,迁移率可以达到97.3%,膜相中有少量苯酚滞留.离子液体可循环使用.     

反萃分散组合液膜分离提取氨基酸

建立了分离提取蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和色氨酸的磷酸二（2-乙基己基）酯(D2EHPA) 煤油-HCl反萃分散组合液膜体系,考察了料液相pH值、载体D2EHPA浓度、液膜相与反萃相体积比、反萃相组成、料液相与反萃分散相流速、传输时间以及支撑膜重复使用次数对氨基酸渗透系数和传输效率的影响。 在优化的条件下,建立的反萃分散组合液膜体系对4种氨基酸均可以获得大于35%的传输效率,其中色氨酸和亮氨酸的传输效率超过了79%,且传输效率呈Et,Trp＞Et,Leu＞Et,Phe＞Et,Met的趋势。 支撑膜重复使用25次,对氨基酸的传输效率没有明显改变。建立的液膜体系对考察的氨基酸展示了较高传输效率和优越的传输选择性,是一种简单和环境友好的分离技术。     

荷电膜的膜电位研究进展

膜电位的测定是表征荷电膜的传递现象的重要参数之一。本文简要介绍了膜电位理论基础,包括T. M. S.理论和不可逆热力学理论。分别阐述了关于离子交换膜、双极膜、两性膜以及复合膜的膜电位的最新进展,并提出今后的发展方向。     

透氢钯复合膜的原理、制备及表征

钯及其合金膜由于具有透氢性好和耐高温的特点,除了用作氢气分离和纯化器外,还可以用作脱氢、制氢等反应的反应器,以实现反应和分离的一体化,并提高转化率和选择性。本文综述了钯基复合膜的原理、制备及表征,并重点介绍了本研究组的光催化镀膜工艺。     

高分子纳滤膜的研究及进展

对高分子纳滤膜的发展背景以及国内外在这一领域的研究的研究进展作了详细的介绍。     

透氢钯复合膜的原理、制备及表征

钯及其合金膜由于具有透氢性好和耐高温的特点,除了用作氢气分离和纯化器外,还可以用作脱氢、制氢等反应的反应器,以实现反应和分离的一体化,并提高转化率和选择性。本文综述了钯基复合膜的原理、制备及表征,并重点介绍了本研究组的光催化镀膜工艺。     

纳米复合膜在膜分离领域的研究进展

基于纳米材料的独特性质,将其引入高分子膜所制得的纳米复合滤膜有望解决目前制约膜技术发展的“上限平衡”问题。 本文综述了碳纳米管、石墨烯、SiO2、TiO2、分子筛、ZrO2以及纳米银颗粒等纳米复合膜在膜分离领域的研究进展。 这些纳米材料对于提高复合膜的机械稳定性、亲水性、选择性、渗透性及抗污染能力等有显著的效果。 此外,对纳米复合膜的发展与应用做了展望,也对其研究中存在的问题和解决方法进行了阐述。     

Preparation of Zeolite X Membranes on Porous Ceramic Substrates with Zeolite Seeds

Zeolite X membranes were investigated by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis on porous ceramic tubes precoated with zeolite X seeds or precursor amorphous aluminosilicate, and porous α-Al2O3 ceramic tubes with a pore size of 50 200 nm were employed as supports. Zeolite X crystals were synthesized by the classic method and mixed into deionized water as a slurry with a concentration of 0.2 0.5wt%, having a range of crystal sizes from 0.2 to 2μm. Crystal seeds were pressed into the pores near the inner surface of the ceramic tubes, and crystallization took place at 95℃ for 24-96 h. It was also investigated that Boehmite sol added with zeolite X seeds was precoated on ceramic supports to form a layer of γ-Al2O3 by heating, and hydrothermal crystallization could then take place to prepare the zeolite membranes on the composite ceramic tubes. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and the morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by SEM. The composite zeolite membranes have zeolitic top-layers with a thickness of 10-25 μm, and zeolite crystals can be intruded into pores of the supports as deeply as 100μm. The experimental results indicate that the precoating of zeolitic seeds on supports is beneficial to crystallization by shortening the synthesis time and improving the membrane strength. The resulting zeolite X membrane shows permselectivity to tri-n-butylamine((C4H9)3N) over perfluro-tributyl-amine ((C4Fg)3N), and a permeance ratio of 57 for ((C4Hg)3N to (C4F9)3N could be reached at 350℃. Permeances of BZ, EB and TIPB through the zeolite membrane were also measured and were found to slightly increase with temperature.     

氯化锂为添加剂制得的疏水聚偏氟乙烯不对称微孔膜的形态结构及其膜蒸馏性能

结合膜的形态结构研究了以 LiCl为添加剂制得的疏水 PVDF膜的膜蒸馏性能。与来用水溶液高分子添加剂制得的PVDF微孔膜相比,膜蒸馏性能有了较大提高,尤其具有更高的截留率。制得的微孔膜的蒸馏通量已接近商品膜的膜蒸馏通量,表明以LiCl为添加剂制得的PVDF疏水微孔膜是一种适用于膜蒸馏的较理想的疏水微孔膜。     

PREPARATION OF SILICALITE-1 AND ZSM-5 ZEOLITE/ CERAMIC COMPOSITE MEMBRANES

ＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＳＩＬＩＣＡＬＩＴＥ┐１ＡＮＤＺＳＭ┐５ＺＥＯＬＩＴＥ／ＣＥＲＡＭＩＣＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＥＭＥＭＢＲＡＮＥＳＺｈａｎｇＬｉｘｉｏｎｇ，ＪｉａＭｅｎｇｄｏｎｇ，ＭｉｎＥｎｚｅ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＰｅｔｒｏｌｅ...     

Preparation of Zeolite X Membranes on Porous Ceramic Substrates with Zeolite Seeds

Zeolite X membranes were investigated by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis on porous ceramic tubes precoated with zeolite X seeds or precursor amorphous aluminosilicate, and porous α-Al2O3 ceramic tubes with a pore size of 50-200 nm were employed as supports. Zeolite X crystals were synthesized by the classic method and mixed into deionized water as a slurry with a concentration of 0.2-0.5wt%, having a range of crystal sizes from 0.2 to 2μm. Crystal seeds were pressed into the pores near the inner surface of the ceramic tubes, and crystallization took place at 95℃ for 24-96 h. It was also investigated that Boehmite sol added with zeolite X seeds was precoated on ceramic supports to form a layer of r-Al2O3 by heating, and hydrothermal crystallization could then take place to prepare the zeolite membranes on the composite ceramic tubes. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and the morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by SEM. The composite zeolite membranes hav     

Theoretical analysis of the performance of composite membrane consisting of the catalytic and nanofiltration layers

A model of the composite membrane consisting of the catalytic layer (CL) and the nanofiltration layer (NFL) is presented. It has been found that applying NFL on the permeate side of CL it is possible to enhance substantially the conversion of substrate into the product. The best performance is obtained for high retention of substrate and low of product. At higher values of volume flow and/or longer catalytic path the retention degree of product becomes negligible. The presence of NFL enhances the influence of distribution of the reaction rate constant, k, on the conversion ratio. Comparing to k = constant the positive effect is obtained if k increases along the catalytic pore, whereas negative—if k decreases.