The Discovery of Thin-Layer Chromatography by N.A. Izmailov and M.S. Shraiber

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - The discovery of thin-layer chromatography by N.A. Izmailov and M.S. Shraiber, and their contribution to the development of this...     

Pteridines. Part CXIX.

A variety of pyrimidine precursors 12 – 25 were converted into a series of new 7‐hydroxylumazines (=7‐hydroxypteridine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones) 26 – 35 which functioned as starting materials for the transformation into the corresponding 7‐chlorolumazines 36 – 45 . Subsequent reaction with hydrazine led to the 7‐hydrazinolumazines 46 – 55 which gave on nitrosation the 7‐azidolumazines 1 and 56 – 64 . These compounds were subjected to short heating in xylene whereby 1 and 56 – 61 showed a new pteridine–purine interconversion in forming a new type of 1,3‐disubstituted or 3‐substituted xanthin‐8‐amine‐derived nitrilium ylides (2,3,6,7‐tetrahydro‐N‐methylidyne‐2,6‐dioxo‐1H‐purin‐8‐aminium ylides) 11 and 65 – 70 . The presence of an additional 6‐alkyl substituent in the 7‐azidolumazines 63 and 64 or of an unsubstituted N(3) position in 62 caused further rearrangement to xanthine‐9‐carbonitriles 71 – 73 . Prolonged heating of 7‐azido‐1,3‐dimethyllumazine ( 1 ) also afforded theophylline‐9‐carbonitrile (=1,2,3,6‐tetrahydro‐1,3‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dioxo‐9H‐purine‐9‐carbonitrile; 5 ). The nitrilium ylide function was established by NMR and UV spectra as well as by elemental analyses. Confirmation of the nitrilium ylide structures was suggested by the result of the heating of 1,3‐dimethyl‐N‐methylidynexanthin‐8‐aminium ylide 11 in EtOH or of 1 in pentan‐1‐ol leading to 8‐aminotheophylline (=8‐amino‐3,7‐dihydro‐1,3‐dimethyl‐1H‐purin‐2,6‐dione; 74 ).     

The Motor of Planar Chromatography,Professor R. E. Kaiser,is 75!

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

Purines. Part XVI

A series of N‐substituted 8‐aminoxanthines (=8‐amino‐3,7(or 3,9)‐dihydro‐1H‐purine‐2,6‐diones) 8 – 16 and 34 – 37 were synthesized from the corresponding 8‐nitroxanthines 1 – 7, 30 – 33 , and 8‐(phenylazo)xanthines 17 and 18 by catalytic reduction. Another approach was derived from 6‐amino‐5‐(cyanoamino)uracils (=N‐(6‐amino‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐2,4‐dioxopyrimidin‐5‐yl)cyanamides) 23, 24 , and 27 by base‐catalyzed cyclization yielding 25 – 28 . All 8‐aminoxanthines 8 – 29 and 34 – 37 were acetylated to the corresponding 8‐(acetylamino)xanthines 40 – 57 , and prolonged heating led to 8‐(diacetylamino)xanthines 58 and 59 . Several 8‐aminoxanthines 8 – 13 were diazotized forming 8‐diazoxanthines 60 – 64 . Coupling reactions of isolated 62 and 64 and intermediary formed 8‐diazoxanthines with 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid (=1,3‐dimethylpyrimidine‐2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)‐trione; 66 ) resulted in 5‐[(xanthin‐8‐yl)diazenyl]‐1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acids=3,7(or 3,9)‐dihydro‐8‐[2‐(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1,3‐dimethyl‐2,4‐dioxopyrimidin‐5‐yl)diazenyl]‐1H‐purine‐2,6‐diones) 67 – 80 . The newly synthesized xanthine derivatives were characterized by the determination of their pK_a values, the UV‐ and NMR spectra, as well as elemental analyses.     

Azadirachtin as a Biomarker Compound in HPTLC Assay of Seed and Seed Oil of Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

Validated HPTLC Method for Quantification of Myricetin in the Stem Bark of Myrica esculenta Buch. Ham. Ex D. Don,Myricaceae

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - A simple, rapid, and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method has been established for quantitative analysis of...     

Neue β-Lactam-Antibiotika. Über Derivate der 3-Hydroxy-7-amino-ceph-3-em-4-carbonsäure. Modifikationen von Antibiotika, 10. Mitteilung [1]

3-Hydroxy-ceph-3-em-esters 5 a – c , versatile intermediates for the preparation of new β-lactam antibiotics, were obtained by ozonolysis of the corresponding 3-methylidene-esters 3 a – c . Reduction and elimination gave the 3-unsubstituted ester 13 ; derivatives 16 a – c and 20 – 22 resulted from O-alkylation. The 3-methoxy-esters 16 a – c were converted into the corresponding acids 23 a – d . Several other transformations of the β-ketoester system are described.     

Cycloaddition von Heterocumulenen an CN-Bindungssysteme. 1. Mitteilung. Perhydro-s-triazindione und Perhydro-s-triazinyl-harnstoffe aus N,N,N′-trisubstituieten Formamidinen und Isocyanaten

The addition of methyl isocyanate to N,N-dimethyl-N′-arylformamidines 4d – 4r leads to the perhydro-s-triazine-diones 5d – 5o and to the s-triazinylureas 10a – 10k . The mechanism of formation is discussed. The addition of the arylisocyanates 18a – 18p to the N,N,N′-trialkylformamidines 9 and 27a – 27i furnishes the expected 1,4-cycloaddition products 26 and 27 in good yields. The N,N-di-isopropyl-N′-alkylformamidines 27j – 271 , however, do not undergo 1,4-dipolar cycloadditions and react with the arylisocyanate 18b to yield the alkyl isocyanates 31a – 31c and N,N-diisopropyl-N′-(p-chlorphenyl)-formamidine 32 exclusively.     

Methods of Detecting and/or Reducing Systematic Errors in Quantitative Planar Chromatography. Part 3. Evaluation and Calibration Errors

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

Qualitative and Quantitative Standardization of Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. Stem Bark by Use of HPTLC

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - Bark of Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham., commonly known as ‘Kaphal’ in indigenous systems of medicine, is used for...     

Methods for Detecting and Reducing Systematic Errors in Quantitative Planar Chromatography. Part 1. Fundamentals of Systematic Quantitative Errors

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Ursolic Acid in Alstonia scholaris R. Br. by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - A simple and rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method has been established and validated for determination of...     

Professor Dr. Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos — In honor of her birthday

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

T. Kowalska and J. Sherma (Eds) Thin-Layer Chromatography in Chiral Separations and Analysis xvi + 420 pp., Chromatographic Science Series,Vol. 98, CRC Press,Boca Raton,New York, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8493-4369-8.

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

Lipophilicity of Tetraarylporphyrins. Part 1. Tetra-(Hydroxyphenyl)Porphyrins with Long Alkyl Chain in the Molecule

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - In the phototherapeutic use of photosensitizers, lipophilicity is an important parameter that allows predicting their biological...     

Multi-Enzyme Inhibition Assay for Detection of Insecticidal Organophosphates and Carbamates by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography. 1. Basics of Method Development

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - A recently introduced microtiter-plate multienzyme-inhibition assay using rabbit liver esterase (RLE), Bacillus subtilis (BS2)...     

Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography of Structural Analogs. Part II. Method for Quantitative Analysis of Selected Coumarins in Plant Material

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - Coumarins are interesting group of natural compounds, because of their biological and pharmacological activity, and are widely...     

Quantification of Puerarin in Pueraria tuberosa DC. by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC -     

Chromatographic Determination of the Content and the Composition of Extracts and Essential Oils from the Fruits of Three Varieties of Stalk Celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce Mill. Pers.)

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - The object of this study was determination of the content and composition of the essential oil of the fruits of three varieties of...     

Optimization of Conditions for Culture of Test Bacteria used for Direct Bioautographic TLC Detection. 2. Gram-Negative Test Bacterium: Escherichia coli

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - Direct bioautography is a potent means of obtaining information about the antimicrobial activity of a compound separated from a...