振动声成像系统分辨率研究

本文从振动声成像的基本原理出发，通过引入点扩展函数PSF和定义轴向响应函数ARF，研究了由凹球面聚焦换能器分割而成的一种典型共焦换能器参数对振动声成像系统侧向分辨率和轴向分辨率的影响。计算研究表明：增大凹球面换能器的口径、减小几何焦距和提高中心频率均可以提高系统的侧向分辨率和轴向分辨率；但改变凹球面换能器的分割比例对两种分辨率影响不尽相同。综合考虑超声换能器激励、聚焦性能以及产生的辐射力效果等因素，则换能器应按等辐射面积原则分割为宜。文中还分析了介质的声衰减系数对实际轴向分辨率的影响。     

聚焦超声源对生物媒质加热的理论研究

用差分法求解生物热传导方程,研究了凹球面聚焦超声换能器用于热疗时在人体组织内产生的稳态温度场.引入热焦距及等温线,分析了换能器参数、生物组织特性参数对有效治疗区的影响,并对声场和温度场特征进行了比较 关键词： 聚焦超声 热疗 生物组织 温度场     

磁致伸缩换能器辐射板形状对声场分布的影响

磁致伸缩换能器可作为热声制冷机的声源装置,辐射板的形状直接影响声压输出效率,从而影响制冷效果。为提高换能器工作效率、减小换能器体积,辐射板需在Terfenol-D棒的激励下产生大振幅、高频率的活塞振型。针对这一问题,应用ATILA软件分析了磁致伸缩换能器辐射板形状对谐振腔振动幅频特性的影响以及对谐振腔内声场分布的影响。结果表明:相同激励条件下,凹球面辐射板出现活塞振型时振幅最大,对应谐振腔中声压幅值最高;谐振腔端面形状为凹球面时,具有聚焦声压幅值的作用;端面形状为凹发射端-凸反射端组合的谐振腔内声压幅值最高。以上结论为合理设计辐射板、谐振腔两端面组合形状提供了参考。     

纵振驱动球面弯曲振动超声聚焦系统的聚焦特性*

为了将超声聚焦效应应用于工业加工中的冷却技术中,该文提出一种由夹心式换能器纵向振动驱动球面弯曲振动超声聚焦系统。基于基尔霍夫-亥姆霍兹声场理论分析了由换能器中心面纵向振动和球面弯曲振动组成的复合超声振动条件下的声场聚焦特性,并通过实验进行验证。研究结果表明,该聚焦系统具有显著的聚焦特性,球面弯曲振动将声能汇聚在声场焦区;当声场相位相同时,换能器中心面纵向振动和球面弯曲振动产生的声场在焦区发生叠加,可以进一步提高焦区声压;减小换能器中心面半径和球面曲率半径、增加球面开口半径可以增强复合超声振动的聚焦效果。     

双凹球面相控聚焦超声波场的产生与可视化

超声相控阵技术在声悬浮中有十分重要的价值,相较于传统的一维单轴声悬浮装置,本文在凹球面双发射极超声阵列的基础上引入相控聚焦原理,产生了声悬浮能力较强的声场,重点研究了声场的仿真模拟与可视化验证.首先,介绍了自发设计的凹球面双发射极超声阵列结构,阐述了相控聚焦原理、超声驻波悬浮机理、声压与声辐射力等声学理论.然后,根据理论分析结果,借助COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件,仿真模拟相控聚焦超声波场.产生该声场的各超声波换能器相位可单独控制,通过相位的实时变化,可使声场进行动态聚焦,实现微粒的悬浮与任意轨迹移动.最后,使用单反射纹影系统实现了该声场的实时可视化,与仿真结果进行比较,证实了凹球面双发射极超声波装置相控聚原理的准确性.     

基于相控聚焦原理的悬浮微粒操控研究

设计了凹球面双发射极超声阵列结构,并结合相控聚焦原理,通过FPGA硬件系统实时控制换能器输入信号的相位参量,形成悬浮能力较强的驻波聚焦声场.根据预设的悬浮微粒移动轨迹,有规律地调节阵元信号的相位差,实现超声波束的动态聚焦,在声场移动的同时,带动波节附近悬浮微粒的移动.分别在竖直面与水平面操控微粒移动,研究微粒移动的准确...     

基于瑞利积分叠加法的聚焦换能器声场特性研究

基于经典的瑞利积分,提出考虑非线性传播、各次谐波衰减的声场瑞利积分线性叠加算法.分析其原理,并以凹球面聚焦换能器为例,采用该算法研究媒质衰减和非线性传播特性影响声焦域的规律.并与Khokhov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznesov(KZK)数值算法,以及实验结果进行比较,验证瑞利积分线性叠加算法描述高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)声场的有效性.     

材料内部成象用球面换能器——平凸透镜系统的聚焦特性研究

声显微镜的一个特点是能够对材料内部成象。本文提出一种球面换能器——平凸透镜系统,可以在材料内部得到比较好的聚焦。文中还分别用几何声学方法和波动理论分析了系统的球差和衍射象差。最后介绍了实验装置及测试结果。     

基于声光折射的聚焦超声焦点声压检测

提出了一种基于声光折射对聚焦超声焦点声压进行非侵入式检测的方法。当一束直径小于声波长的平行光束入射穿过聚焦超声的焦点时,通过研究焦点声压与光线偏转的具体关系,建立了光线最大偏转距离与焦点声压变化的关系模型,从而计算出焦点峰值声压。为了对理论模型进行验证,采用凹球面型聚焦换能器进行实验研究。通过与采用光纤水听器测量的结果进行对比,证明理论模型的可行性。结果表明实验得到的光斑图像与理论分析的结果一致,且用该方法测得的焦点峰值声压与光纤水听器测量的结果相比,相对误差小于15%,证明该方法具有可行性,能够定量检测焦点峰值声压。模型的提出也为将声光折射效应用于整个聚焦声场的定量检测提供了实验依据和理论依据。     

球面矩形阵元相控阵高强度聚焦超声手术的子阵工作模式

提出了超声手术治疗肝肿瘤时非侵入性的球面矩形阵元相控阵的多种子阵工作模式:通过图像扫描来确定仅让不受肋骨遮挡的换能器子阵继续工作,并运用超声传播公式、伪逆矩阵算法和遗传算法进行声场的优化合成。结果表明:球面矩形阵元相控阵换能器的多种不同的子阵划分,不仅能够产生手术中需要的单焦点、多焦点等多种治疗模式,其声场的焦域形状和聚焦声强均达到了治疗的要求,而且能够减少肋骨上的声功率累积,避免了正常组织受损,从而可能解决高强度聚焦超声手术治疗肝肿瘤时超声波束受肋骨遮挡不能形成治疗需求声场模式的困难,拓宽治疗区域。     

热疗用聚焦脉冲声场的时域和频域特性研究

本文用传递函数的概念导出了凹球面聚焦脉冲声扬的简洁表达式,从数值计算上和实验上研究了这种声场和中轴线上不同位置处声压信号的持续时间和频谱特征,分析了它们对热疗的影响。     

Weak-focused acoustic vortex generated by a focused ring array of planar transducers and its application in large-scale rotational object manipulation

Contactless manipulation of multi-scale objects using the acoustic vortex(AV) tweezers offers tremendous perspectives in biomedical applications.However,it is still hindered by the weak acoustic radiation force(ARF) and torque(ART)around the vortex center.By introducing the elevation angle to the planar transducers of an N-element ring array,the weakfocused acoustic vortex(WFAV) composed of a main-AV and N paraxial-AVs is constructed to conduct a large-scale object manipulation.Different from the traditional focused AV(FAV) generated by a ring array of concave spherical transducers,a much larger focal region of the WFAV is generated by the main lobes of the planar transducers with the size inversely associated with the elevation angle.With the pressure simulation of the acoustic field,the capability of the rotational object driving in the focal plane for the WFAV is analyzed using the ARF and the ART exerted on an elastic ball based on acoustic scattering.With the experimental system built in water,the generation of the WFAV is verified by the scanning measurements of the acoustic field and the capability of object manipulation is also analyzed by the rotational trapping of floating particles in the focal plane.The favorable results demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale rotational manipulation of objects with a strengthened ART and a reduced acousto-thermal damage to biological tissues,showing a promising prospect for potential applications in clinical practice.     

A novel approach for description of nonlinear field radiated from a concave source with wide aperture angle

A new approach is proposed to study the nonlinear sound field radiated from a concave spherical source with a wide aperture angle. The nonlinear sound field is theoretically described by a set of equations deduced reversely from the second-order Westervelt nonlinear wave equation. To examine the validity of the theoretical model, numerical calculations are performed on a concave spherical radiator with the aperture angle wide up to 40 degrees. Numerical calculation is implemented by the finite difference time domain algorithm in the oblate spheroidal coordinate system. Numerical results are in agreement with those obtained by Kamakura's solutions.     

Extended application of the complex source-point theory

In this paper, the complex source-point theory used for a symmetric concave spherical resonator is extended to an asymmetric concave spherical resonator. Thus, the formulae for the field distribution of the asymmetric spherical resonator can be easily deduced from the formulae for the field distribution of the symmetric resonator, thereby the application range of the complex source-point theory is enlarged and a convenient method is provided for the field analysis of an arbitrary spherical resonator.     

Fabrication of concave refractive microlens arrays in solgel glass by a simple proximity-effect-assisted reflow technique

We report a simple method for fabricating a concave refractive microlens array (MLA) in solgel glass by using a proximity-effect-assisted reflow technique. The solgel concave refractive MLA that we fabricated had excellent surface smoothness; good dimensional conformity, with an 8.23% nonuniformity of the microlens elements; and structural perfection, with a biggest deviation of 1% from a perfect concave spherical crown. The relative error between the measured and the designed values of the concave MLA's focal length was only 1.83%. Compared with the conventional fabrication techniques for concave MLAs, the proposed method has significant advantages including simplicity, low cost, good element conformity, and smooth device surface.     

Simulation of sound field in a tissue medium generated by a concave spherically annular transducer

The concave spherically annular transducer is regarded as a negative and a positive concave spherical transducer, and the spheroidal beam equation is used to simulate the linear and nonlinear sound field in a tissue medium generated by this transducer. It is found that the acoustic focus of the ring does not coincide with the acoustic focus of its central part. If the width of the ring increases, its acoustic focus will move toward the geometric focus and the amplitudes of nonlinear harmonics will increase obviously. If there are several coaxial rings placed on the concave spherical surface, more than one peak will appear along the axial direction for the fundamental, and high harmonics focus better. The distribution of sound field will change with the number and the excited signals of rings, so it maybe is a potential approach to treat locally big tumors.     

用于OPCPA高展宽比的展宽器

根据ffner展宽器的原理和设计,进行了光学参量啁啾脉冲放大系统中信号光脉冲展宽的实验研究。通过数值方法,合理地选择了展宽器光学元件的各项参数,即光栅常数为1 800 (102 mm×102 mm),凹面镜曲率半径为1 000 mm,凸面镜与凹面镜之间的距离为653 mm,信号光入射角为51.05°。实验结果表明,优化后的ffner展宽器可以将脉宽为30 fs的信号光脉冲展宽到545 ps, 展宽比为18 167,满足OPCPA放大的需要。     

Analysis of unidirectional broadband piezoelectric spherical shell transducers for underwater acoustics

This paper presents an analytical investigation and experimental verification of the properties of unidirectional broadband piezoelectric acoustic transducers utilizing axisymmetric vibrations of both complete and incomplete spherical piezoelectric shells and is a continuation of a previous paper that presented the electromechanical modal analysis part of the problem [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130(2), 753-763 (2011)]. The analysis covers the treatment of the acoustic radiation and reception problem by including analysis of the acoustic impedances and diffraction coefficients as a function of geometry and modal excitation as well as providing specific design examples including multimode spherical acoustic transducers with conformal baffles, and transducers made of incomplete shells (e.g., hemispheres and caps) with free circumferential boundary conditions. The energy method is used to obtain equivalent parameters for a multi-contour electromechanical circuit representation of the transducer and to calculate the transducer performance characteristic as sound projectors and as receivers. Experimental results are obtained on representative piezoceramic transducer prototypes and are in good agreement with the analytical results.