不同声强宽带噪声激励下结构参数对穿孔板消声器吸声特性影响的实验研究

高声压级激励下,由于非线性效应的存在,穿孔板消声器的吸声特性将发生改变,而改变量的大小与穿孔板的结构参数(穿孔率,孔径,板厚)密切相关。本文设计搭建了实验平台来研究结构参数的变化对穿孔板消声器的吸声特性的影响。根据实验结果发现:随着声压级的升高,由于穿孔板结构的非线性加剧,其声阻抗将发生变化,导致穿孔板消声器的吸收峰值降低,但吸收频带却拓宽了;在穿孔率一定的情况下,孔径越小的穿孔板消声器更适合低声压级环境工作;在孔径一定的情况下,穿孔率越低的穿孔板消声器也更适合低声压级环境工作。     

Finite element acoustic simulation based shape optimization of a muffler

This paper describes a methodology which combines finite element analysis and Zoutendijk’s feasible directions method for mufflers shape design. The main goal is to obtain the dimensions of the acoustic muffler with the transmission loss (TL), being maximized in the frequency range of interest. The improved four parameters method is used for TL evaluations and the Helmholtz’s equation is solved numerically with the finite element method (FEM). The quadratic triangular finite element meshes are adequately constructed to control the pollution error and the optimization problem is solved using the Zoutendijk’s feasible directions method due to robustness and efficiency for problems with nonlinear constraints. Numeric experiments performed with circular expansion chambers with extended inlet and outlet show results for constrained and unconstrained shape optimization.     

Sound insulation characteristics of multi-layer structures with a microperforated panel

Multi-layer structures have issues with sound insulation at low and mid-frequencies due to mass-air-mass resonance. The purpose of this study is to investigate improvements to the sound insulation performance of multi-layer structures using a microperforated panel (MPP), which can absorb well over a wide frequency range. Although MPPs have been investigated over the last several decades, almost all studies have been conducted in terms of sound absorption. Herein the sound transmission loss of multi-layer structures with flexible MPPs of infinite extent is theoretically investigated. The calculation is based on the wave equation and the equation of panel vibration including the effect of perforation of the panel. Additionally to consider a more realistic sound insulation performance, the effect of the directional distribution of the incident energy in a reverberation chamber is taken into account. Experiments are conducted using an acoustic tube to validate the calculated results and the reverberation chamber method to verify the actual sound insulation characteristics. Both experiments agree well with the theoretically calculated perforation effects. Consequently, MMPs are confirmed to improve the deterioration of sound insulation performance due to mass-air-mass resonance of multi-layer structures.     

An investigation into the acoustic insulation of triple-layered panels containing Newtonian fluids: Theory and experiment

Sound insulation of triple-layered panels consisting of two impervious layers with the middle layer being a Newtonian fluid is studied here both theoretically and experimentally. The progressive impedance model is used to predict the transmission loss (TL) provided by the panel in a normal incidence field. Corrections are then made to obtain the TL values of such panels in random incidence field. A modified B&K impedance tube was constructed for experimental evaluation. Results are presented for a Pyrex glass cylindrical tube containing motor oil, a ferromagnetic nanoparticles fluid (in the absence of a magnetic field) and air. Good agreement is obtained between the measured and analytical results for a wide range of frequencies. Also, a significant difference in TL values, particularly at low frequencies (f ? 4 kHz), is observed once the air is replaced by the fluid layer.     

水声无源材料插入损失虚拟聚焦测量方法

提出了一种适合在有限尺寸水池中测量水声材料插入损失的方法,称为\     

水声材料透声性能测量技术的改进

本文对传统的水声无源材料透声性能测量技术提出了几点改进,以便在小型消声水池中测量有限尺寸的大面积材料的插入损失（透射系数）随频率的变化规律。材料样品的典型尺寸为 １×１ｍ２左右,测量频率范围为 ２－２０ ｋＨｚ．文中对标准样品进行了声学性能测量,测量结果和平面波理论模型计算值有较好的吻合。     

A pilot study on improving the absorptivity of a thick microperforated panel absorber

Microperforated panel (MPP) absorbers are promising as a basis for the next-generation of sound absorbing materials. MPPs are typically made of a thin metal or plastic panel. However, thin limp panels are generally not suitable as an interior finish of room walls because they do not have sufficient strength, which prevents practical application of MPPs as an interior finish of room walls. In order to overcome the lack of appropriate strength required for room walls, it is possible to make an MPP out of a thick panel. However, thick MPPs are usually not efficient because the resistance and/or reactance become too high. In this study, trial production of thick MPPs and measurement of their normal absorption coefficients were carried out. Results show that efficient absorption can be given with a thick MPP by using a tapered perforation.     

Predictions and experimental studies of the tail pipe noise of an automotive muffler using a one dimensional CFD model

The tail pipe noise from a commercial automotive muffler was studied experimentally and numerically under the condition of wide open throttle acceleration in the present research. The engine was accelerated from 1000 to 6000 rpm in 30 s at the warm up condition. The transient acoustic characteristics of its exhaust muffler were predicted using one dimensional computational fluid dynamics. To validate the results of the simulation, the transient acoustic characteristics of the exhaust muffler were measured in an anechoic chamber according to the Japanese Standard (JIS D 1616). It was found that the results of simulation are in good agreement with experimental results at the 2nd order of the engine rotational frequency. At the high order of engine speed, differences between the computational and experimental results exist in the high revolution range (from 5000 to 6000 rpm at the 4th order, and from 4200 to 6000 rpm at the 6th order). According to these results, the differences were caused by the flow noise which was not considered in the simulation. Based on the theory of one dimensional CFD model, a simplified model which can provide an acceptable accuracy and save more than 90% of execution time compared with the standard model was proposed for the optimization design to meet the demand of time to market.     

流体加载下加肋板结构的声辐射特性研究

本文采用有限元和边界元方法对加肋板结构的声辐射进行了计算分析,研究分析了加肋板结构的板厚、板面积、板边长比、肋骨惯性矩和间距、边界条件以及板材和流体介质等对结构辐射声功率的影响,得到了一些有意义的结论,从而为揭示加板结构声辐射规律,降低结构的声辐射提供了一定的依据。     

具有单相单向换能器的水平剪切声表面波压力传感器插入损耗特性

为实现水平剪切声表面波压力传感器低损耗设计,系统研究了均匀叉指换能器(IDT)和单相单向换能器(SPUDT)器件的声波能量损耗性能。在确定最优反射系数的SPUDT结构的基础上,建立3D周期性有限元仿真模型,计算器件表面振动位移和双向输出电压瞬态响应。通过对电压信号进行傅里叶变换获得器件模型的插入损耗,并制备两种不同换能器的声学传感器,测试其频率特性和灵敏度。与均匀IDT相比,基于SPUDT器件插入损耗的仿真和实验结果分别降低了5.2 dB和5.6 dB,SPUDT器件灵敏度约为均匀IDT器件的两倍。结果表明,SPUDT能有效降低SH-SAW压力传感器声波能量的单向损耗,提高检测灵敏度,且构建的3D周期性有限元仿真模型有助于声学传感器的声波损耗分析,实现高精度和小型化的声学测量系统。     

声学超材料对低频噪声的消声特性

针对低频噪声较难消除的问题,设计了亥姆霍兹共振腔与声学超材料薄膜耦合的消声结构,在利用有限元软件进行屈曲分析薄膜的临界状态得知声学超材料薄膜结构临界失稳力为0.087 N·m,利用COMSOL声固耦合模块研究薄膜形态对传递损失峰值频率的影响。结果表明:薄膜扭转角度由0°增加到30°时,薄膜总体刚度增加,传递损失峰值对应频率向右偏移了30 Hz,变化并不明显。为了扩大频率偏移范围,在扭转30°的基础上,对扭矩棒施加垂直向下的压力,压力由0 kPa增加到2 kPa,薄膜预应力增大,系统刚度增加,使得传递损失峰值向右偏移了170 Hz。最后搭建实验平台,验证了薄膜在扭转时的频率偏移与仿真基本吻合,在不同压力时频率偏移一致,进而可以实现较大范围的低频率噪声控制。为声学超材料的设计和控制提供有效的依据。     

An algorithm for the efficient acoustic analysis of silencers of any general geometry

Transfer matrix analysis provides a very efficient means to analyse the linear plane-wave acoustic performance of silencer systems in the frequency domain. However, the nature of the algorithm for combination and reduction of the matrices is different for different combinations of elements. This paper describes an efficient algorithm for acoustic analysis of any general silencer system. The basic format of the algorithm is the identification of sub-systems of two-port acoustic elements. Computational time is also reduced by recording the order in which all of the elements are analysed and the sub-systems are reduced. Examples of the analysis of several complex silencer systems are presented. The gain in efficiency over a general global matrix approach is exceptional.     

A theoretical study on the effect of a permeable membrane in the air cavity of a double-leaf microperforated panel space sound absorber

A double-leaf microperforated panel absorber (DLMPP) is composed of a two microperforated panel (MPP) with a air cavity in-between, and without any backing structure. It shows a Helmholtz-type resonance peak absorption and additional low frequency absorption, therefore it can be used as a wideband space sound absorber. In this study, a theoretical study is made to examine the effect of a permeable membrane inside the air-cavity. Permeable membranes are studied in our previous studies and proved to be effective to improve the sound absorption performance of various type MPP sound absorbers. We investigate the absorption characteristics of a DLMPP with a permeable membrane in the cavity through numerical examples, and also studied the effect of honeycomb in the cavity of the same sound absorption structure.     

吸声材料对水下小平台上矢量传感器声学特性的影响研究

本文围绕粘贴黏弹性吸声材料方法对水下小平台上安装矢量传感器的指向性和测向的影响展开理论分析和实验研究.首先建立了吸声材料和平台结构组成的复合层结构的数学模型,对声波经过复合层结构的声学特性进行了分析,在此基础上利用有限元耦合边界元法对粘贴吸声材料前后的水下小平台上的矢量传感器的声学特性进行研究.通过理论计算和数值分析研究了吸声材料对矢量传感器的各通道的指向性的影响,并计算了覆盖吸声材料前后矢量传感器的测向精度.水池实验验证了分析结果的正确性.     

退火温度对声表面波检测器电极 表面粗糙度的影响*

该文实验研究了退火温度对声表面波检测器电极表面粗糙度的影响。电极表面的粗糙度随着退火温度不同而变化,实验中分别选择常温(25?C)、200?C和300?C作为退火温度对两种镀膜方式制备的声表面波器件进行退火,最后得到退火温度和电极表面粗糙度的对应关系。从实验结果来看,退火温度为200?C时,得到的电极表面粗糙度最大。该研究为声表面波检测器表面粗糙度优化及灵敏度提升提供了基础。     

基于声压梯度参考的部分场分解方法及实验研究

采用扫描测量方式得到的不相干声场需分解成完全相干的部分场后才能用于近场声全息重建. 现有的方法都是将声压作为参考进行部分场分解. 本文提出以声压梯度作为参考, 并建立一种基于声压梯度参考的部分场分解方法. 由于声压梯度比声压的衰减速度更快, 受到其他声源和环境噪声的影响比声压小, 所以以声压梯度为参考在分解完全相干的部分场过程中比以声压为参考更具有优势. 通过数值仿真和实验分析, 一方面验证了基于声压梯度参考的部分场分解方法的正确性和可行性; 同时通过与基于声压参考的部分场分解结果比较, 说明了基于声压梯度参考的部分场分解方法分解更稳健、结果更精确.     

Wave speeds of honeycomb sandwich structures: An experimental approach

In this study, the influence of different design parameters, such as core density, core material, and cell size on the wave speeds of honeycomb sandwich structures was experimentally analyzed. Bending and shear wave speeds were measured and related to the transmission loss performance for various material configurations. The shear modulus of the core showed maximum influence on the wave speeds of the samples, while cell size did not have a significant influence on the wave speeds or on the transmission loss. Skin material affected wave speeds only in the pure bending regime. Honeycomb sandwich structures with a subsonic core and reduced wave speed showed increased transmission loss compared to samples without a subsonic core.     

Effect of chevron count and penetration on the acoustic characteristics of chevron nozzles

Experimental investigations have been carried out on chevron nozzles to assess the importance of chevron parameters such as the number of chevrons (chevron count) and chevron penetration. Acoustic measurements such as overall sound pressure level, spectra, directivity, acoustic power, and broadband shock noise have been made over a range of nozzle pressure ratio from sub-critical to underexpansion levels. Shadowgraph images of the shock-cell structure of jets from various chevron nozzles have also been captured for different nozzle pressure ratios. The results indicate that a higher chevron count with a lower level of penetration yields the maximum noise suppression for low and medium nozzle pressure ratios. Of all the geometries studied, chevron nozzle with eight lobes and 0° penetration angle gives the maximum noise reduction. Chevron nozzles are found to be free from screech unlike regular nozzles. Acoustic power index has been calculated to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the various chevron nozzles. Chevron count is the pertinent parameter for noise reduction at low nozzle pressure ratios, whereas at high nozzle pressure ratios, chevron penetration is crucial. The results illustrate that by careful selection of chevron parameters substantial noise reduction can be achieved.     

基于声压-振速测量的平面近场声全息实验研究

常规的近场声全息均是采用全息面声压或质点振速作为输入量求解,由于采用单一输入量无法分离来自全息面背向声波的干扰,因此要求所有声源均位于全息面的同一侧,即测量声场为自由声场,这种要求大大限制了近场声全息的实际应用.基于声压-速度测量的近场声全息以全息面上声压和质点振速同时作为输入量,通过建立和求解两侧声源在全息面上的声压和质点振速耦合关系,可以实现全息面两侧声波的分离,从而解决上述问题.文中在前期对声场分离技术研究的基础上,基于欧拉公式和有限差分近似,推导了新的基于声压-速度测量的平面近场声全息理论公式.随后通过实验检验了该方法在有背景源干扰情况下实现声场分离和重建的有效性.     

Numerical investigation of the interaction of the turbulent dual-jet and acoustic propagation

In order to study the interaction between two independent jets, a three-dimensional(3D) transient mathematical model is developed to investigate the flow field and acoustic properties of the two-stream jets. The results are compared with those of the single-stream jet at Mach number 0.9 and Reynolds number 3600. The large eddy simulation(LES) with dynamic Smagorinsky sub-grid scale(SGS) approach is used to simulate the turbulent jet flow structure. The acoustic field is evaluated by the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings(FW-H) integral equation. Considering the compressibility of high-speed gas jets, the density-based explicit formulation is adopted to solve the governing equations. Meanwhile, the viscosity is approximated by using the Sutherland kinetic theory. The predicted flow characteristics as well as the acoustic properties show that they are in good agreement with the existing experimental and numerical results under the same flow conditions available in the literature. The results indicate that the merging phenomenon of the dual-jet is triggered by the deflection mechanism of the Coanda effect, which sequentially introduces additional complexity and instability of flow structure. One of the main factors affecting the dual-jet merging is the aperture ratio, which has a direct influence on the potential core and surrounding flow fluctuation. The analysis on the noise pollution reveals that the potential core plays a fundamental role in noise emission while the additional mixing noise makes less contribution than the single jet noise. The overall sound pressure level(OASPL) profiles have a directive property, suggesting an approximate 25° deflection from the streamwise direction, however, shifting toward lateral direction of about 10° to 15° in the dual-jet. The conclusion obtained in this study can provide valuable data to guide the development of manufacturing-green technology in the multi-jet applications.