移动荷载下单相弹性地基三维稳态响应

针对移动荷载对地基产生振动影响的问题,研究了移动荷载作用下弹性地基的动力响应。将移动单元法引入到单相弹性土介质的半解析方法中,构造了随荷载按照相同速度运动的移动层单元,基于移动坐标下弹性土介质的动力控制方程和边界条件,应用加权残数法建立了在移动荷载下单相弹性地基的三维动态响应半解析方程,将固定坐标下的动力问题转化为移动坐标下的拟静力问题。数值分析了荷载移动速度、地基阻尼等参数对地基动力响应的影响。本文工作表明,在半解析法中引入移动单元是研究移动荷载下单相介质动态响应的一种有效的方法。     

移动荷载下路面板-层状多相弹性地基的稳态响应

考虑路面板和地基的相互作用,将路面板作为三维弹性体,建立路面板-层状多相弹性地基动力响应的三维多相层状弹性半空间体模型,分析了移动荷载作用下路面板-多相弹性地基系统的动力响应.将移动单元法引入到两相饱和弹性介质的半解析方法中,构造了随荷载按照相同速度运动的移动层单元,基于移动坐标下两相饱和弹性介质的动力控制方程和边界条件,应用加权残数法建立了两相弹性介质移动层单元动力方程,该方程可退化为单相弹性介质移动层单元动力方程,基于此,建立了移动荷载下多相弹性地基与路面板系统的三维动态响应的统一的半解析方程.并以两相饱和弹性半空间地基-单相弹性地基-路面板所形成的路面结构为例,数值分析了荷载速度、饱和层渗透系数、弹性层厚度等参数对路面板位移和土体孔压响应的影响.研究结果表明移动单元法是研究移动荷载下路面结构动态响应的一种有效的方法.     

移动简谐荷载列作用下简支梁竖向动力响应的解析解及其应用研究

基于移动简谐荷载列模型,理论推导了简支梁竖向动力响应的解析表达式;利用该解析式编写MATLAB程序,对CRH3动车组作用下的高速铁路32m标准简支梁进行了竖向共振分析,研究了谐振频率、荷载列移动速度、体系阻尼比等因素对共振效应的影响。计算结果表明:阻尼比减振效果随阻尼比的增大而减弱,故结构设计中不宜过度提高阻尼比;在阻尼比为0.02时,谐振频率引起共振的动力放大系数超过20,而过桥速度引起的共振动力放大系数最大仅约为2.5,但考虑到前者对应的荷载幅值仅为后者对应荷载值的0.2,故建议在实际设计中应充分考虑两种情况下的共振效应。最后通过与已有文献结果的对比,验证了该解析推导结果的正确性。本文解析式能够直接迅速地进行参数影响分析,为初步设计提供了参考。     

非饱和弹性半空间地基的稳态响应半解析法研究

应用半解析法研究简谐荷载下非饱和弹性半空间地基的稳态响应。基于非饱和土的动力控制方程以及非饱和弹性半空间的边界条件,建立地基层单元的半解析函数,应用加权残数法得到在简谐荷载下非饱和弹性半空间地基的稳态响应半解析方程。对半解析方程求解,得到了竖向简谐荷载作用下非饱和弹性地基水平位移和竖向位移幅值,数值分析了饱和度和地基深度等参数对孔压和位移幅值的影响。研究结果表明,应用本文方法研究非饱和弹性半空间地基的稳态响应是切实有效的。     

移动简谐荷载作用下桥梁响应的高效计算

在计算移动荷载过桥问题中广泛使用的Newmark方法必须在每一时间步内限制荷载的大小和作用位置都不能改变。精细积分法虽然允许荷载的大小在每一时间步长内发生变化,但是仍假定其作用位置是不变的,未能采取措施以描述荷载沿着桥面的连续移动性。本文提出三种精细积分格式,在每一时间步内不但允许移动荷载的大小按简谐规律连续变化,而且模拟了简谐荷载在空间域的连续移动。通过与Newmark方法和简单问题的解析解进行数值比较,表明用本文提出的方法可以用较粗的结构单元和较大的时间步长而获得很高的计算精度。在精度相同的前提下,计算效率比Newmark方法可提高1~2个数量级。     

高速移动荷载下黏弹性半空间体的动力响应

分别以移动荷载和黏弹性半空间体模拟运动列车荷载和地基,分析了地基在运动列车作用下的动力响应.首先采用Green函数法求解黏弹性半空间体在各种移动荷载模式作用下的动力响应的解析解,包括恒常和简谐移动点源、线源和面源荷载.然后采用IFFT算法和自适应数值积分算法计算解析解中的二维积分,得到了包括低音速、跨音速和超音速移动荷载作用下位移的数值结果.最后分析了速度对位移的分布和最大值的影响,发现当速度大于Rayleigh波速时,位移发生显著变化.     

移动简谐力作用下三维多孔饱和半空间的动力问题

研究了移动荷载作用下多孔饱和地基的动力问题.应用Fourier变换求解该问题的控制偏微分方程,考虑了荷载的移动速度及振动频率对多孔饱和地基动力响应的影响,重点研究了移动速度达地基表面波速时多孔饱和半空间的振动问题(马赫效应),并与相应的弹性介质的解答进行了比较.结果显示当移动速度与多孔饱和半空间的表面波速相近时,地基会产生很大的振动;当移动速度大于表面波速时,多孔饱和半空间的动力响应与弹性半空间的动力响应有较大的差别.     

厚壳三维分析的半解析解

本文对座标系三维弹性力学问题采用周向与径向解析,轴向离散的半解析数值方法。通过引入部分解析函数,将三维问题归结为一维离散化方程。这种方法能适应于一大类复杂的弹性力学问题,方法简单,计算工作量少。本文用这方法来分析厚壳的三维变形与应力规律,研究大厚跨比的强厚壳的三维弹性理论解,为建立可靠的强厚壳理论提供依据。     

移动荷载下上覆弹性板饱和地基的动力响应

用半解析法对移动条形荷载作用下上覆弹性板饱和两相弹性介质的动力响应问题进行了研究。由忽略土粒压缩和土体自重的Biot波动方程出发,对荷载进行Fourier展开。假设响应函数形式,利用待定系数法求解了考虑固液耦合作用的两相介质在移动荷载作用下的土体位移,有效应力及孔压表达式。求解过程中考虑了土体和弹性板之间的相互作用,并假设土体与弹性板的竖向位移相等。通过计算给出了各参数对土体位移和孔压响应和的影响。数值结果表明弹性梁刚度对位移和孔压响应有较大影响。     

移动荷载下多孔饱和地基的动力有限单元法

分析了匀速荷载作用下多孔饱和地基的动力响应.通过对Biot动力方程进行变换,将基本方程变换到随荷载移动的运动坐标系中,通过加权残值法推导了相应的"拟静力"单元刚度矩阵,从而建立了移动问题的有限元格式,将动力学问题转化为"拟静力"问题."拟静力"单元或称为移动单元并不是连续介质上的实际单元,而是在连续介质上随着移动荷载运动的虚拟单元.文中考虑了荷载的移动速度对多孔饱和地基中位移及应力的影响,并与解析解作了对比,以说明本方法具有较好的精度.     

Vibration and dynamic buckling of shear beam-columns on elastic foundation under moving harmonic loads

The vibration and buckling of an infinite shear beam-column, which considers the effects of shear and the axial compressive force, resting on an elastic foundation have been investigated when the system is subjected to moving loads of either constant amplitude or harmonic amplitude variation with a constant advance velocity. Damping of a linear hysteretic nature for the foundation was considered. Formulations in the transformed field domains of time and moving space were developed, and the response to moving loads of constant amplitude and the steady-state response to moving harmonic loads were obtained using a Fourier transform. Analyses were performed to examine how the shear deformation of the beam and the axial compression affect the stability and vibration of the system, and to investigate the effects of various parameters, such as the load velocity, load frequency, shear rigidity, and damping, on the deflected shape, maximum displacement, and critical values of the velocity, frequency, and axial compression. Expressions to predict the critical (resonance) velocity, critical frequency, and axial buckling force were proposed.     

附着于运动基上的弹性体的有限元动力学方程及其Neumann级数解法

采用运动参考系方法，根据Ｊｏｕｒｄａｉｎ动力学普遍方程，导出了具有给定空间运动的弹性体的有限元动力学方程。提出了求解这类动力学方程数值解的Ｎｅｕｍａｎｎ级数－直接积分法。与经典算例的比较说明了所提出的方程和计算方法的正确性与优越性。     

A dynamic method for measuring the critical loads of elastic flat plates

A dynamic method is described for determining the linear buckling loads of elastic, perfectly flat, rectangular plates. The proposed method does not require the application of in-plane loads; it requires only vibrational excitation of the plate. The buckling load is determined from the measured normal modes of vibration. The method is applicable to isotropic as well as anisotropic plates with any type of edge support. The accuracy of the dynamic method was evaluated by tests in which buckling loads of aluminum and graphite fiber-reinforced-epoxy composite plates were determined both by the dynamic method and by imposing static in-plane loads on the plates. The results of the dynamic and static tests agree closely. A. Segall (on leave from RAFAEL, Israel)     

Dynamics of an elastic half-space with a reinforced cylindrical cavity under moving loads

Partial separation of variables and reexpansion of cylindrical and plane waves are used to find the solution describing the uniform motion of a load along a thin circular cylindrical shell in an elastic half-space with the free surface parallel to the axis of the shell. This is a model problem for studying the dynamics of tunnels and shallow-buried pipelines under transport loads. Dispersion curves for the cases of sliding and tight contact between the shell and the half-space are plotted and analyzed. The effect of the shell parameters on the stress–strain state of the half-space is examined     

Some applications of semi-analytical finite element method in static and dynamic analysis of structures

In this paper a kind of semi-analytical finite element method based on the transfer matrix analysis of shells of revolution is briefly formulated. Some recent investigations on its application are presented: (1) a reanalysis algorithm for improving the accuracy of free vibration analysis; (2) a kind of semi-analytical ring element for the stress analysis of a curved pipe of the slender torus shell type.     

Boundary element method for moving and rolling contact of 2D elastic bodies with defects

A scheme of boundary element method for moving contact of two-dimensional elastic bodies using conforming discretization is presented. Both the displacement and the traction boundary conditions are satisfied on the contacting region in the sense of discretization. An algorithm to deal with the moving of the contact boundary on a larger possible contact region is presented. The algorithm is generalized to rolling contact problem as well. Some numerical examples of moving and rolling contact of 2D elastic bodies with or without friction, including the bodies with a hole-type defect, are given to show the effectiveness and the accuracy of the presented schemes. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19772025)     

Performances of dynamic vibration absorbers for beams subjected to moving loads

The goal of this work is a general assessment regarding the performances of linear and nonlinear dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) applied to the specific problem of moving loads or vehicles. The problem consists of a simply supported linear Euler–Bernoulli beam excited with a moving load/vehicle; a DVA is connected to the beam in order to reduce the vibrations. The moving vehicle is modeled by a single degree of freedom mass spring system. The partial differential equations governing the beam dynamics is reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations by means of the Bubnov–Galerkin method. A parametric analysis is carried out to find the optimal parameters of the DVA that minimize the maximum vibration amplitude of the beam. For the case of a moving vehicle, the energy absorbed by the DVA is evaluated. Comparisons among the performances of different types of linear and DVAs are carried out. The goal is to clarify if the use of nonlinearities in the DVAs can effectively improve their performances. The study shows that the most effective type of DVA for the test cases considered is the piecewise linear elastic restoring force.