Determination of the Number of Graphene Layers on Different Substrates by Optical Microscopy Technique

We present a method, based on transmission or reflection optical microscopy, to determine the number of graphene monolayers deposited on various substrates. To demonstrate the procedure, we synthesize graphene samples and deposit them on various substrates with the micromechanical cleavage technique. Our procedure initially relies on more classical approaches such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman to calibrate the equipment. After calibration, however, optical microscopy by itself is sufficient to characterize other samples, deposited on any substrate.     

Observation of Spin and Valley Splitting of Landau Levels under Magnetic Tunneling in Graphene/Boron Nitride/Graphene Structures

Resonance magnetic tunneling in heterostructures formed by graphene single sheets separated by a hexagonal boron nitride barrier and bounded by two gates has been investigated in a strong magnetic field, which has allowed observing transitions between spin- and valley-split Landau levels with various indices belonging to different graphene sheets. An unexpected increase with the temperature in the interlayer tunneling conductance owing to transitions between the Landau levels in strong magnetic fields cannot be explained by existing theories.     

Optical Properties of Atomic Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Flakes under High Pressure

We investigate the pressure spectral characteristics and the effective tuning of defect emissions in hexagonal boron nitride(hBN) at low temperatures using a diamond anvil cell(DAC). It is found that the redshift rate of emission energy is up to 10 meV/GPa, demonstrating a controllable tuning of single photon emitters through pressure.Based on the distribution character of pressure coefficients as a function of wavelength, different kinds of atomic defect states should be responsible for the observed defect emissions.     

飞秒激光在PPQ有机高聚物中的传输特性研究

有机高聚物是一种具有大非线性系数和较快非线性响应时间的非线性材料。本文通过对含有二阶，三阶色散效应和非线性响应时间改进的非线性薛定谔方程进行了数值模拟求解，分析了飞秒光脉冲在有机高聚物聚苯基喹恶啉中的传输特性。     

长波红外无线激光通信脉冲宽度调制实验研究

为实现长波红外无线激光通信,建立了基于脉宽调制的长波红外无线激光通信系统模型,对系统性能进行了分析,给出了系统误码率的计算公式.搭建了实验系统,对CO_2激光器的平均输出光功率随占空比的变化情况进行了分析,对不同占空比条件下接收端对应的激光平均脉冲宽度以及脉冲宽度受噪声影响的随机变化情况进行了分析,得到了激光输出平均光功率、平均脉冲宽度与占空比之间的关系,以及脉宽的分布规律,并将实验结果与理论分析结果进行了对比,在此基础上得到了脉宽最佳判决门限和系统各类工作参数同误码率之间的关系.结果表明,基于CO_2激光器的脉冲宽度调制能够实现长波红外无线激光通信.     

五阶非线性光纤中连续谱相位扰动下的光传输与脉冲串产生

根据包含五阶非线性的扩展非线性薛定谔方程,数值研究了高斯型连续谱相位扰动而不是传统单色扰动下基于调制不稳定性的高重复率脉冲串产生.结果表明:脉冲串也能像传统情形那样形成,但却呈现出不同的特性.如脉冲数目有限,且各脉冲的高度、强度及间距不等.脉冲数目随传输距离增加而增加.而五阶非线性能使脉冲宽度和间距变小因而有利于高重复率脉冲串产生,负五阶非线性则相反.对脉冲串形成过程中演变啁啾的数值计算表明,啁啾及其随距离的变化都是高度非单调的,五阶非线性将改变啁啾的范围和量值.     

Analytical Study on Propagation Dynamics of Optical Beam in Parity-Time Symmetric Optical Couplers

We present exact analytical solutions to parity-time(P T) symmetric optical system describing light transport in P T-symmetric optical couplers. We show that light intensity oscillates periodically between two waveguides for unbroken P T-symmetric phase, whereas light always leaves the system from the waveguide experiencing gain when light is initially input at either waveguide experiencing gain or waveguide experiencing loss for broken P T-symmetric phase. These analytical results agree with the recent experimental observation reported by Ru¨ter et al. [Nat. Phys.6(2010) 192]. Besides, we present a scheme for manipulating P T symmetry by applying a periodic modulation. Our results provide an efficient way to control light propagation in periodically modulated P T-symmetric system by tuning the modulation amplitude and frequency.     

Electronic Correlation Effects on the Optical Properties of SiC,BeO and Boron Nitride Nanotubes and Monolayers

We present numerical calculation of the impact of electron-electron interaction on the behavior of density of states and optical properties of BeO,SiC and Boron-Nitride nanotubes and sheets.Hubbard model hamiltonian is applied to describe the dynamics of electrons on the lattice structure of theses compounds.The excitation spectrum of the system in the presence of local electronic interactions has been found using mean Seld approach.We find the band gap width in both optical absorption and density of states reduces with local Hubbard electronic interaction parameter.The absorption spectra exhibits the remarkable peaks,mainly owing to the divergence behavior of density of states and excitonic effects.Also we compare optical absorption frequency behavior of BeO,SiC and Boron-Nitride nanotubes with each other.Furthermore we investigate the optical properties of BeO and SiC sheets.A novel feature of optical conductivity of these structures is the decrease of frequency gap in the optical spectrum due to electronic interaction.     

Electronic Correlation Effects on the Optical Properties of SiC,BeO and Boron Nitride Nanotubes and Monolayers

We present numerical calculation of the impact of electron-electron interaction on the behavior of density of states and optical properties of BeO, SiC and Boron-Nitride nanotubes and sheets. Hubbard model hamiltonian is applied to describe the dynamics of electrons on the lattice structure of theses compounds. The excitation spectrum of the system in the presence of local electronic interactions has been found using mean field approach. We find the band gap width in both optical absorption and density of states reduces with local Hubbard electronic interaction parameter. The absorption spectra exhibits the remarkable peaks, mainly owing to the divergence behavior of density of states and excitonic effects. Also we compare optical absorption frequency behavior of BeO, SiC and Boron-Nitride nanotubes with each other. Furthermore we investigate the optical properties of BeO and SiC sheets. A novel feature of optical conductivity of these structures is the decrease of frequency gap in the optical spectrum due to electronic interaction.     

Growth-Parameter Spaces and Optical Properties of Cubic Boron Nitride Films on Si（001）

Cubic boron nitride （c-BN） films were deposited on Si（001） substrates in an ion beam assisted deposition （IBAD） system under various conditions, and the growth parameter spaces and optical properties of c-BN films have been investigated systematically. The results indicate that suitable ion bombardment is necessary for the growth of c-BN films, and a well defined parameter space can be established by using the P/a-parameter. The refractive index of BN films keeps a constant of 1.8 for the c-BN content lower than 50%, while for c-BN films with higher cubic phase the refractive index increases with the c-BN content from 1.8 at χc =50% to 2.1 at χc = 90%. Furthermore, the relationship between n and p for BN films can be described by the Anderson-Schreiber equation, and the overlap field parameter γ is determined to be 2.05.     

Description of Pulse Propagation in Optical Strip Waveguides by the Generalized Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

Taking into consideration the transverse confinement, the dispersion of the linear as well as of the nonlinear part of the refractive index and the nonlinear interaction of the electromagnetic field with the guiding material, the yielding equation for the envelope function of the fundamental mode propagating in a strip waveguide is the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In contrast to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, solitons of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation exist in the regimes of negative and positive group dispersion and are asymmetric.     

五阶非线性光纤中连续谱相位扰动下的光传输与脉冲串产生

根据包含五阶非线性的扩展非线性薛定谔方程,数值研究了高斯型连续谱相位扰动而不是传统单色扰动下基于调制不稳定性的高重复率脉冲串产生.结果表明:脉冲串也能像传统情形那样形成,但却呈现出不同的特性.如脉冲数目有限,且各脉冲的高度、强度及间距不等.脉冲数目随传输距离增加而增加.而五阶非线性能使脉冲宽度和间距变小因而有利于高重复...     

The Influence of Metal Nanoparticles on the Propagation of Extremely Short Optical Pulses in Graphene

Optics and Spectroscopy - The propagation of two-dimensional extremely short optical pulses in graphene with metal nanoparticles has been investigated. The effects that are observed when changing...     

光纤中短间距脉冲串的非线性传输特性与混沌孤子波包产生

采用分步傅里叶算法,在基元脉冲数分别为9、17和25及相邻基元脉冲时间间隔分别为1、2及3的情况下,对短间隔脉冲串在光纤负色散区的非线性传榆特性进行数值研究.研究结果表明,尽管脉冲数、脉冲位置、脉冲强度和相邻两脉冲间的时间间隔随距离变化,且在传输过程中弱脉冲基座会扩展到很宽的时间范围,但是整个主脉冲波包始终保持局域即其时间间隔几乎不变,展宽速度不明显.同时,主脉冲波包永不重复前面的轮廓,即波包演化出现混沌行为.短间隔脉冲串的非线性演化可以形成混沌孤子波包,基元脉冲间的时间间隔及脉冲串的脉冲数都会影响混沌孤子波包的子脉冲数和它的持续时间.     

基于脉冲对交叉相位调制的亮脉冲的压缩

提出了一种利用色散位移光纤(DSF)压缩波长位于光纤正常色散区的亮脉冲的方法.即让亮脉冲与一个中心波长位于光纤反常色散区的强脉冲对在光纤中共同传输,在适当条件下,交叉相位调制(XPM)效应会导致亮脉冲的压缩.通过分步傅里叶方法(SSFM)对这一压缩过程进行数值模拟和分析,结果表明高斯脉冲的脉宽被压缩了9.8倍,峰值功率增加了6.5倍,且该方法可以有效地避免脉冲走离效应,使脉冲获得更好的压缩效果.     

Measurement of Ultrashort Laser Pulse Width in a Wide Spectrum Range Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide by Optical Kerr Effect Technique

We illustrate that applying the optical Kerr effect technique to dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） can determine the width of laser pulses in a wide spectrum range that is transparent. Different from many other simple molecular liquids, such CS2, and toluene, DMSO responds to both 130 fs 800 nm laser pulses and 248 fs 400 nm laser pulses with electronic motions only. Therefore, the observed signal as a function of time reflects the temporal distribution of the intensity. We verify our illustration by both the autocorrelation technique and spectra analysis.     

圆柱对称光脉冲在负色散克尔介质中的传输

利用变分法得到了任意光脉冲传输的一般特性及高斯光脉冲压缩（或扩展）的必要条件，这说明在一定初始条件下时空非对称的光脉冲也可形成“光子弹”，在某些区域内，通过时空耦合作用，光束的空间会聚可以导至脉宽的压缩。     

高阶效应对光纤系统中孤子和艾里脉冲传输特性影响的数值研究

以变系数耦合高阶非线性薛定谔方程为理论模型,采用分步傅里叶方法,讨论了孤子和艾里脉冲在光纤中的传输特性。研究表明三阶色散、自频移和自陡峭效应导致孤子和艾里脉冲所分离出的俘获孤子的中心位置发生偏移,且三阶色散会影响俘获孤子的强度,并讨论了两脉冲的中心位置及强度对艾里脉冲截断系数的依赖关系。