费米超流气体在幺正极限区域的非线性Ramsey干涉

该文分别研究了在三种极限情况下费米超流气体在幺正极限区域的非线性Ramsey干涉图样的频率与系统参数之间的关系, 研究发现费米子间的相互作用以及双势阱间最低能量差对干涉图样的角频率有显著的影响. 通过数值模拟和理论分析, 得到了干涉图样的角频率和系统参数之间的关系, 发现数值和解析结果符合得很好.     

Matter wave interference of dilute Bose gases in the critical regime

Ultra-cold atomic gases provide a new chance to study the universal critical behavior of phase transition. We study theoretically the matter wave interference for ultra-cold Bose gases in the critical regime. We demonstrate that the interference in the momentum distribution can be used to extract the correlation in the Bose gas. A simple relation between the interference visibility and the correlation length is found and used to interpret the pioneering experiment about the critical behavior of dilute Bose gases [Science 315 1556(2007)]. Our theory paves the way to experimentally study various types of ultra-cold atomic gases with the means of matter wave interference.     

High-precision detection technology of NO concentration based on UV differential-adaptive interference cancellation北大核心CSCD

In order to realize high-precision monitoring of vehicle emission, a high-precision and wide-range NO measurement method was proposed. Aiming at the problem that the absorption peaks of SO2 and NO in emission overlapping in the UV band, and it was impossible to directly perform single-component gas inversion, the differential optical density (DOD) of mixed gas in the NO sensitive band (200 nm～230 nm) was first calculated by the ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (UV-DOAS) method. Then, the adaptive interference cancellation technology was introduced to achieve rapid separation of mixed gas DOD. Finally, the least square method was used to perform the concentration inversion of separated NO. This method could achieve rapid inversion of NO concentration (volume fraction of gas) in the range of 100×10−6 to 3 000×10−6. After testing, the absolute value of the relative error of inversion is less than 10% in the concentration range of 100×10−6 to 200×10−6, and less than 5% in the concentration range of 300×10−6 to 3 000×10−6. This method has the characteristics of large measurement range and fast speed, and can meet the measurement requirements of NO concentration in the range of 3 000×10−6 in vehicle emission. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

痕量气体激光检测系统波长锁定技术研究

利用可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)对痕量气体进行检测时,环境温度变化以及激光器控制电路的噪声常常使得激光器输出波长发生漂移,影响了气体浓度测量的准确性。以开放光路的激光吸收光谱氨气检测系统为例,在分析激光器扫描中心波长随电流变化规律的基础上,提出了基于电流控制的自适应锁定扫描中心波长的方法。研究了基于参考校准光谱的光谱数据对准算法,实现了开放大气中氨气浓度的实时监测。结果表明,波长锁定大大提高了痕量气体浓度反演的准确性和稳定性。氨气浓度具有日变化周期:上下班时段浓度上升,中午达到最大值,夜间浓度降低,系统检测限为3.8mg.m-3.m。     

高重频CO_2激光干扰技术研究

本文针对高重频CO_2激光干扰技术展开分析和研究。首先,概述了激光对抗武器的概念、分类和特点,以及激光对抗武器的干扰与破坏的主要目标对象。其次,分析了红外探测器激光干扰损伤效果的检测方法。再次,分析了光学元件激光变形损伤效果的检测方法以及光学薄膜的激光损伤检测方法。按照上述检测方法进行实验,分别对红外单元探测器、光学元件、光学薄膜和其他材料的激光损伤阈值实验数据进行分析与讨论。最后,总结了全文并且展望了激光干扰技术的发展。     

基于机器视觉的干涉条纹检测

基于机器视觉系统OpenMV,以迈克耳孙干涉仪干涉条纹为研究识别对象,根据光源相干性及干涉条纹动态特性,提出基于灰度采样统计的干涉条纹识别检测算法(干涉条纹同心形态搜索算法),运用MicroPython或Python语言编制实时检测程序,运行结果表明仿真和真实干涉条纹都得到了可靠的检测,精度为0.5个条纹,并且测量不确...     

Research on improving the accuracy of near infrared non-invasive hemoglobin detection

To optimize the accuracy of near-infrared non-invasive hemoglobin (Hb) clinical detection, high-performance instrument and prepossessing algorithm have been investigated. A near-infrared spectrophotometric system was constructed adopting InGaAs detector array with 16 pixels and plane grating spectrometer to obtain high signal noise ratio (SNR) spectral data. In our experiment, we applied the device independently to collect spectra data from 91 volunteers’ fingertips non-invasively. Two prediction tests were conducted to verify the effects of preprocessing algorithms improving the accuracy of near-infrared Hb detection and exclude the occasionality of satisfactory results in a single trial. Our non-invasive Hb detection methods were based on partial least squares (PLS). In each test, PLS, MSC coupled with PLS, DOSC coupled with PLS, three methods for non-invasive Hb detection, were analyzed respectively. The results of two trials showed that only DOSC & PLS performed excellently in both predictive ability and stability, obviously better than other two methods. Relative RMSEP was 6.16% in predicting test 1, 6.08% in predicting test 2, almost reaching the requirements of clinical application. It indicates that our independent-developed high-performance instrument and the method DOSC coupled with PLS are promising in non-invasive Hb detection clinical application.     

The influence of the background interference on the escape of photons in atomic absorption measurements

The influence of the background interference on the escape of photons in the determination of Nickel by atomic absorption analysis for a wide range of concentrations between 10 and in an air-acetylene flame have been investigated. Assuming Doppler, Lorentzian and Voigt line profiles for the resonance lines, the resonance escape factor of the Ni-resonance lines at 2320 and have been calculated with and without the effect of the background, in terms of two main parameters, the optical depth in the line center and the number density of absorbing atoms in the ground state. The effect of the background interference due to the presence of the SO₂-molecular band can cause a change in the escape factors values. The dependence of the escape factor for the Voigt distribution on the damping constant is also discussed.     

光纤光栅传感信号解调技术研究进展

光纤光栅传感器是一种新型传感器,有着非常广泛的应用前景。限制光纤光栅传感器大量实际应用的主要障碍是传感信号解调,因而,光纤光栅传感信号解调是光纤光栅传感器应用的关键技术之一。本文对现有已报道的光纤光栅传感信号的解调方法进行综述,并归类为:边缘滤波法、匹配滤波法、可调谐滤波法、光源波长可调谐扫描法、射频探测法、光栅啁啾法、CCD分光仪法、干涉法。对各种方法的原理及相关改进方法进行了阐述,并对其优缺点做了比较分析,最后,对光纤光栅传感信号的解调技术发展进行了展望。     

Collisional quantum interference on rotational energy transfer： physical interpretation of the differential interference angle

Collisional quantum interference （CQI） on the intramolecular rotational energy transfer is observed in an experiment with a static cell, and the integral interference angles are measured. To obtain more accurate information, an experiment with a molecular beam is carried out, and thereby the relationship between the differential interference angle and the scattering angle is obtained. Based on the first-Born approximation of time-dependent perturbation theory, the theoretical model of CQI is developed in an atom-diatom system in the condition of the molecular beam, with the long-range interaction potential taken into account. The method of measuring correctly the differential interference angle is presented. The tendencies of the differential interference angle changing with the impact parameter and rel- ative velocity are discussed. The theoretical model presented here is important for understanding or performing the experiment in the molecular beam.     

激光自混频干涉法测量表面粗糙度的研究

对半导体激光自混频干涉法测量表面粗糙度中的干涉效应进行了理论分析,推导了干涉信号与表面粗糙度的数学关系式,讨论了影响测量信号的因素及表征表面粗糙度的评定参数,即表面轮廓的方均根偏差。结果表明,随着加工表面粗糙度的降低,反射光的强度逐渐增加,被测物体表面的反射率越高,越有利于测量。     

A Novel Measurement Method of the Emission Rules of Greenhouse Gases from Fertilized Soil Based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry with Long Optical Path

Farm soil is the main source of greenhouse gas emission. We developed an optical system for measuring nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide from soil using infrared spectrometer and long optical path gas cell based on multi-reflecting mirrors. The spectral characteristics of nitrous oxide at 2198–2223 cm^?1 and of carbon dioxide at 2258–2283 cm^?1 were observed with the system. We studied the rules of greenhouse gas emission and found that nitrous oxide increased with soil moisture whereas carbon dioxide showed no obvious relationship with moisture. We also studied the diurnal variation rules of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide from fertilized soil. These results are consistent to the previous results obtained with other analytical methods. The results indicate that the infrared spectroscopy with long optical path is an effective way to measure greenhouse gas emission from soil.     

脉冲激光引信电源抗干扰技术研究

针对激光近炸引信不断向中小口径方向发展,体积不断缩小,引信的内部干扰特别是电源方面的干扰变得愈来愈严重这一情况,在参考大量文献的基础上,根据脉冲激光引信电源的模型和实际电路,分析了脉冲激光引信电源干扰原因,通过不断试验和总结,设计了一种方便实用的多重滤波器,解决了因体积小而引起的激光引信内部电源干扰问题,并且得到了满意的效果。     

A molecular dynamics simulation study on the cavitation inception of water with dissolved gases

The promotion/prevention mechanism of dissolved gases on cavitation inception is essential for many high-tech industries and research. In the present study, large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the effects of water cavitation caused by different gas types by using nitrogen and oxygen gases with TIP4P/2005 water. The cavitation inception behaviour is analyzed via Mean First Passage Time method. Water with dissolved gases has a higher nucleation rate and is easier to cavitate than pure water. At the same gas concentration, the cavitation of water with nitrogen is promoted to a greater extent than that with oxygen. The number and energy of hydrogen bond (HB) are further calculated by the Acceptor-Hydrogen-Donor method to explain this promotion mechanism. The number and energy of HB in water with gases decrease compared with those in pure water. The introduction of gases weakens the HB network and promotes cavitation inception because of weaker interactions between gas and water molecules. A model is developed to describe the relationship between nucleation rate and HB energy. Gas molecules assemble on the surface of bubbles during water cavitation, which may decrease the free energy of bubble surface, maintain the existing bubble, and contribute to the growth process.     

Applications of near infrared spectroscopy in cotton impurity and fiber quality detection: A review

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an emerging, non-invasive, multi-index, simple preparation of sample process analytical technique suitable for cotton quality assessment. Cotton impurities not only affect the quality of seed cotton and lint cotton but also the quality of textiles. These impurities can occur during harvest and in the stage of postharvest handing, especially during pack house operations. In such a global and competitive marketplace, it is necessary to explore rapid, accurate, and precise cotton quality measurement techniques which require less expensive instrumentation, exhibit increased flexibility versatility, and perform both laboratory measurements and non-laboratory (at-line or field) measurements. Some reports have been published on the use of NIRS technology for inspecting cotton impurity contents, micronaire, and cotton fiber quality. This article condenses a representative selection of recent research in order to observe the significant progresses in how NIRS technology is applied to inspection of cotton impurity and cotton fiber. Additionally, the drawbacks and obstacles of NIRS for quality measurement in cotton are summarized and the trends are discussed.     

The application of terahertz spectroscopy to liquid petrochemicals detection: A review

Petrochemicals, one of the most important energy sources, contribute to the remarkable development of human civilization. Therefore, the development of a kind of fast, safe, reliable and nondestructive detection technology is essential. Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy, containing abundant physical, chemical, and structural information of materials, shows significant applications in the fields of physics, chemistry, materials science, medicine, pharmacy and biology. As a promising detection technology, THz technology provides a new reliable analytic method in liquid petrochemicals detection due to the fact that low-frequency vibrational and rotational motions of hydrocarbon molecules lie in the terahertz region. In this article, we review the applications of the liquid petrochemicals detection based on the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system, mainly containing the analysis of molecular properties, qualitative identification, quantitative analysis and the terahertz metamaterials sensing. In addition, we propose the further exploration of terahertz technology in the field of petrochemical industry.     

The fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum of raw coals and its application for evaluating coal property and combustion characteristics

Fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum is a big barrier for rapid and precise analysis of coal structures by Raman spectroscopy. Dealing with fluorescence interference suitably is one of the key tasks before efficient application of Raman spectroscopy in coal assessment. In this study, Raman spectra and coal combustion characteristics of 32 kinds of Chinese coals were respectively obtained in a micro-Raman spectrometer and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer. The degree of fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum was firstly defined and quantified as the drift coefficient α using a simple method without curve-fitting the spectrum. The correlations between the degree of fluorescence interference and coal property, coal combustion characteristics were set up and multivariable analysis was done. The results indicate that the degree of fluorescence interference is well related to the coal structures, and it is synthetically determined by volatile, moisture and ash content in coal. With the increase of volatile, moisture content in coal, the fluorescence interference increases continuously, and it can be reduced but not eliminated by drying the moisture in coals. Significant mathematical relations between the drift coefficient α and volatile, moisture content, coal combustion characteristic temperatures have been found. Coal with more evident fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum usually has lower degree of coalification, more polar functional groups, and burns at a lower temperature. The drift coefficient α can act as an efficient probe for coal property and coal combustion characteristics. This study provided a new and simple approach for evaluating coal property and coal combustion characteristics by fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum.     

Spin-orbit coupling of the NaK 3Π and 3Π states: Determination of the coupling constant and observation of quantum interference effects

We have studied the mutually perturbing 3³Π_Ω=0(v = 32, J = 19) ∼ 3¹Π_Ω=1(v = 6, J = 19) levels of NaK that are coupled together by the spin-orbit interaction. We note that this coupling is nominally forbidden by the ΔΩ = 0 selection rule for spin-orbit perturbations. However 3³Π levels labeled by different values of Ω are mixed by rotational coupling; i.e. the 3³Π_Ω levels are best described by a coupling scheme intermediate between Hund’s cases (a) and (b). Thus the 3¹Π_Ω=1 level couples to the 3³Π_Ω=0 level via the small admixture of 3³Π_Ω=1 character in the latter. The 3³Π_Ω=0(v = 32, J = 19) ∼ 3¹Π_Ω=1(v = 6, J = 19) f symmetry pair is of particular interest since it appears to be very close to a 50-50 mixture of triplet and singlet character, and the splitting between these levels provides a direct measure of the 3³Π ∼ 3¹Π spin-orbit coupling constant. On the other hand, excitation spectra of the 3³Π_Ω=0(v = 32, J = 19) ∼ 3¹Π_Ω=1(v = 6, J = 19) e symmetry pair through the mixed “window” levels 1(b)³Π_Ω=0(v = 17, J = 18, 20) ∼ 2(A)¹Σ⁺(v = 18, J = 18, 20) display dramatic quantum interference effects associated with “singlet” and “triplet” excitation channels. Almost complete cancellation for populating one or the other of the two upper states is observed for excitation from the predominantly triplet members of the window level pairs.     

2005年物理科学一处评审工作综述

2005年国家自然科学基金的各项评审工作已经基本结束,我们在此向所有关心和支持物理科学一处工作的广大科研工作者表示衷心的感谢！年底将至,我们将就科学处全年的评审工作情况向大家做一个汇报,对在评审中发现的一些问题提出一些建议,希望能对下一年度的项目申请有所帮助.     

THz光谱技术在炸药及其相关材料检测中的应用进展

太赫兹（THz）光谱技术近年来在航空航天、生命科学、安全检测等领域的应用进展迅速.由于许多炸药及其相关材料在THz波段具有特征吸收，许多非金属、非极性材料对THz波是透明的。且THz波具有低能性，THz光谱技术在安检中具有巨大的应用潜力．文章介绍了国际上THz光谱技术在炸药及其相关材料研究中的现状和进展及文章作者在炸药及其相关材料THz光谱研究方面的成果，讨论了THz技术应用于安全检测领域面临的挑战.