基于聚亚甲基的三嵌段聚合物:合成及其多孔薄膜的制备

利用叶立德活性聚合与原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)相结合的方法制备得到基于聚亚甲基的两、三嵌段聚合物.首先由叶立德活性聚合及氧化反应得到末端羟基的聚亚甲基(PM-OH),再与2-溴异丁酰溴反应得到含溴末端的大分子引发剂(PM-Br),之后引发丙烯酸叔丁酯的ATRP聚合得到聚亚甲基-b-聚丙烯酸叔丁酯(PM-b-P-t-...     

利用呼吸图案法制备聚(苯乙烯-b-丙烯腈)有序多孔薄膜

以自制的聚(苯乙烯-b-丙烯腈)(PS-b-PAN)嵌段共聚物为成膜材料, 采用呼吸图案法制备了有序多孔薄膜, 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对薄膜形貌进行了分析, 研究了聚合物浓度、溶剂种类及共聚物结构对薄膜结构的影响. 结果表明, 薄膜表层为多孔结构, 且孔为圆形、以六方阵列形式排列; 薄膜表层下面是蜂窝状结构.以三氯甲烷(CHCl₃)为溶剂时, 在较高浓度下制备的薄膜表层孔间距较大, 蜂窝结构尺寸较小, 且形成了多层结构. 与CHCl₃为溶剂时相比, 挥发速度较快的二硫化碳(CS₂)作溶剂时制备的多孔薄膜有序性较好, 薄膜表层孔径和孔间距均较大, 蜂窝结构尺寸较小. 以没有PAN链段的聚苯乙烯大分子引发剂(PS-Cl)为成膜材料时, 制备的薄膜表层没有形成多孔结构, 而是形成了窝状结构. 同时, 通过对薄膜表层晕的研究证明了多孔薄膜表层缺陷是由水滴处于液膜下较深的位置造成的.     

甲醇气氛静态呼吸图法制备蜂窝状有序多孔膜

以原子转移自由基聚合方法合成的聚二甲基硅氧烷-b-聚苯乙烯(PDMS-b-PS)为铸膜材料,在静态呼吸图的基础上,首次在甲醇氛围下利用PDMS-b-PS的二硫化碳溶液铸膜得到了高度规整的蜂窝状有序多孔结构.研究了聚合物溶液浓度对孔径的影响,并与水蒸汽氛围制备的孔结构进行了比较.结果表明,甲醇气氛下制备的多孔膜的孔径比水蒸汽氛围下的大,且孔的断面形貌呈“U”形;孔径随着溶液浓度的增大而减小.该研究有利于呼吸图法制备有序结构材料技术的进一步发展,有助于人们更加准确与全面地认识呼吸图机理.     

原子转移自由基聚合制备聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-苯乙烯)时单体聚合顺序对嵌段效率的影响

采用原子转移自由基聚合研究了聚（ 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 ｂ 苯乙烯） 嵌段共聚物的合成,实验结果表明,当先进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合,然后再进行苯乙烯的聚合时,得到了完全的嵌段共聚物;反之,如果改变单体的聚合顺序,则嵌段效率很低．用聚合物末端Ｃ—Ｘ（Ｘ＝ Ｃｌ,Ｂｒ） 键的断裂能对实验结果进行了解释．     

结构可控的聚亚甲基/聚乳酸嵌段共聚物的合成及其性能研究

报道了一种叶立德活性聚合与开环聚合(ROP)相结合的新型合成方法, 成功地合成了结构可控的聚亚甲基/聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(PM-b-PLA). 首先通过叶立德活性聚合方法合成了含有端羟基的聚亚甲基(PM-OH, M_n＝1800 g•mol^－1, PDI＝1.18), 再以PM-OH为大分子引发剂, 以辛酸亚锡[Sn(Oct)₂]为催化剂, 引发D,L-丙交酯(LA)的开环聚合, 通过核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR), 凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)证明了PM-b-PLA嵌段共聚物的形成|利用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)测试嵌段共聚物的结晶行为, 结果显示, 聚乳酸(PLA)嵌段的引入显著影响了聚亚甲基(PM)的结晶行为|扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察结果表明: 在低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)/PLA二元共混体系中, PM-b-PLA嵌段共聚物可作为共混相容剂改善LDPE和PLA的界面相容性|PM-b-PLA嵌段共聚物还可通过呼吸图法制备成有序多孔薄膜.     

嵌段共聚物规整纳米多孔薄膜的制备与形貌调控

通过结合嵌段共聚物自组装与非溶剂致相分离法,制备了上表面为高规整纳米直孔薄层,内部为双连续大孔支撑层的非对称薄膜结构,并考察了铸膜液浓度、溶剂挥发时间、凝固浴温度、刮膜厚度等因素对膜形貌的影响,实现对表面结构的有效调控.研究表明铸膜液浓度与挥发时间的影响有协同效应,随着铸膜液浓度的升高,规整表面孔结构所需的挥发时间减小.若铸膜液浓度不变,挥发时间的增大可使膜表面依次完成从非规整孔、规整柱状孔,再到层状孔的转变.凝固浴温度的降低有利于规整表面结构的形成.当刮膜厚度降低时,原有操作条件下的膜表面形貌形成规律将不再适用,为制备更薄的规整纳米多孔薄膜,需降低挥发时间或采用溶剂退火的方法,这一发现扩展了此类新型薄膜材料制备过程的可操作空间.     

聚乙二醇对苯二甲酸酯-b-聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯多嵌段共聚物内部贯通多孔支架的制备方法

以天然或合成的可生物降解材料制备细胞外基质支架是组织工程所涉及到的关键问题之一.常用的制备方法由于涉及到有机溶剂的使用、较高的加工温度以及致孔剂的残余问题,对于活性物质的引入均带来不利影响,相关的改进工作(如不使用有机溶剂和消除残余致孔剂等)尽管也获得了具有良好孔结构的支架,但却使制备过程更趋复杂.     

聚四氢呋喃-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯两嵌段共聚物的结晶行为

报导了系列聚四氢呋喃-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯结晶-非晶(硬段型)两嵌段共聚物的结晶行为，结果表明，其微相分离和结晶规律与文献上唯一进行过系统研究的同类嵌段共聚物(PEO－b－PS)都有较大的差别；结晶段结晶能力的大小是制约这类体系微相分离和结晶规律的一个重要因素．     

稀溶液滴膜法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯伸展链及其构象转变

采用聚苯乙烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物(PS-b-PMMA)的甲苯稀溶液滴膜法制备PMMA伸展链,用原子力显微镜观察了PMMA分子链形貌及其在丙酮、水蒸气退火后的构象转变.结果表明,浓度(聚合物质量/溶液质量)为1×10~(-6)的PS-b-PMMA甲苯溶液可以在云母基底表面制备出高度为0.2 nm、长度为100~300 nm的PMMA伸展链;该方法可以适用于不同分子量的PS-b-PMMA共聚物,当PMMA嵌段分子链大于PS时,更容易制备高度伸展的PMMA分子链.丙酮蒸气退火可使胶束中的PMMA伸展链迅速收缩并与PS核融为一体变成球形结构.水蒸气退火作用下PMMA分子链的构象转变与制备胶束的起始浓度有关,浓度为1×10~(-6)的胶束只形成球状结构;浓度为5×10~(-6)的胶束含有较多的PMMA伸展链,在水蒸气退火后可形成花状胶束并可以组装成周围带有台阶状PMMA分子层的棒状胶束.     

聚丙烯酸-b-聚丙烯酸甲酯的制备及其在乳液聚合中的应用

采用三硫代碳酸S-1-十二烷基-S'-(a,a'-二甲基-a"-乙酸)酯(MTTCD)作为链转移剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,丙烯酸(AA)为第一单体,通过可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)自由基聚合合成大分子链转移剂PAA-MTTCD,以丙烯酸甲酯(MA)为第二单体,合成5种不同嵌段比的两亲性嵌段共聚物聚丙烯酸-b-聚丙烯酸甲酯(PAA-b-PMA).采用FT IR和1H NMR确定了PAA-MTTCD和PAA-b-PMA的结构,用GPC测定了PAA-MTTCD和PAA-b-PMA的分子量及分子量分布.分析了聚合反应动力学,发现该聚合具有活性可控聚合的特征,聚合动力学呈一级线性关系.测定了PAA-b-PMA的乳化性能,并将其作为乳化剂用于丙烯酸丁酯(BA)的乳液聚合中,同时考察了不同嵌段长度共聚物对乳液聚合的影响.结果表明,具有21个AA单元和18个MA单元的两亲性嵌段共聚物具有较好的乳化性能,其作为乳化剂时乳液聚合效果相对最好.     

水滴模板法构筑蜂窝状有序多孔膜*

水滴模板法是利用凝结并自组织有序排列的水滴为模板构筑有序蜂窝状多孔薄膜的方法。这种方法具有方便、快速、廉价、作为模板的水滴可以自然蒸发而除去,且孔洞的尺寸可以通过改变相关的实验参数方便的进行调控的优点,因而近年来受到了人们的广泛关注。本文介绍了利用水滴模板法构筑有序多孔薄膜的实验方法,探讨了形成机理和相关实验条件对多孔薄膜结构的影响,并结合当前的研究热点针对多孔薄膜的进一步应用,着重综述了水滴模板法在不同性质的成膜材料体系的应用、多孔薄膜中亚有序结构的引入以及提高多孔薄膜稳定性的方法。最后,本文展望了利用水滴模板法构筑有序多孔薄膜这一研究领域的发展前景。     

聚苯乙烯-co-聚(2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯乙烯)共聚物: 合成及其多孔薄膜的制备

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法, 分别在三氟甲苯、含氟离子液体以及三氟甲苯/含氟离子液体混合溶剂体系中合成了聚苯乙烯-co-聚(2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯乙烯)(PS-co-PPFS)共聚物, 通过¹H NMR、¹⁹F NMR、元素分析以及凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)对所得聚合物的分子链结构和组成进行了分析和表征. 随后, 利用静态呼吸图法分别在CS₂, CHCl₃ 和CH₂Cl₂ 中制备了有序多孔薄膜, 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其表面形貌, 并与利用分子量大小相当的聚苯乙烯均聚物(PS)制备的多孔薄膜进行了对比. 研究结果表明: 在三氟甲苯和含氟离子液体溶剂体系中, 均可利用ATRP 聚合方法获得窄分子量分布的PS-co-PPFS 共聚物(M_n＝5200～7900 g·mol^-1, i>M_w/M_n＝1.12～1.22). 对聚合物薄膜的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察和分析显示: 分别以CS₂, CHCl₃ 和CH₂Cl₂ 作为溶剂, 利用静态呼吸图法均可制备出PS-co-PPFS 共聚物多孔薄膜. 然而, 与在CHCl₃ 和CH₂Cl₂ 中制备的PS 均聚物多孔薄膜的表面形貌不同的是, PS-co-PPFS 共聚物多孔薄膜呈现出无序排列、平均孔径大小不同的两种孔结构; 在CHCl₃ 中制备所得薄膜的孔结构有序性相对较好, 两种孔的平均孔径分别为0.75 和0.37 μm.     

Dewetting behavior of Langmuir−Blodgett films of polystyrene‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) induced by solvent vapor annealing

In order to explore the degree of contact between hydrophilic blocks and the substrate, the dewetting behavior of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films of polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) induced by PMMA‐selective acetone vapor were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the first time. With the annealing of acetone vapor, the LB films of PS‐b‐PMMA undergo the swelling and coalescing of aggregates, the formation of bicontinuous patterns, the formation of droplets, and the periodic increase and decrease of droplets. The emergence of the bicontinuous patterns indicates that the dewetting occurs via the spinodal dewetting mechanism. The periodic droplet evolution is a novel phenomenon observed for the first time and quite different from the single droplet evolution of spin‐coated films, which is probably due to the degree of contact between PMMA blocks and the substrate in the LB films being larger than that in the latter. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 825–830     

阴离子聚合法合成PMMA-b-PMTFPS嵌段共聚物

以含缩醛官能团的有机锂为引发剂, 将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与含氟硅氧烷单体1,3,5-三甲基-1,3,5-三(3',3',3'-三氟丙基)环三硅氧烷(F3)阴离子嵌段共聚, 获得了窄分子量分布的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-聚[甲基(3,3,3-三氟丙基)硅氧烷](PMMA-b-PMTFPS)嵌段共聚物, 并用GPC, 1H NMR, FTIR和DSC对嵌段共聚物进行了表征. 研究结果表明, 在THF中利用PMMA-OLi对F3进行阴离子开环聚合时, 单体F3浓度的选择对提高嵌段共聚物产率至关重要.     

Block copolymers of thiophene-capped poly(methyl methacrylate) with pyrrole

Poly(methyl methacrylate) with a thiophene end group having narrow polydispersity was prepared by the Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) technique. Subsequently, electrically conducting block copolymers of thiophene-capped poly(methyl methacrylate) with pyrrole were synthesized by using p-toluene sulfonic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the supporting electrolytes via constant potential electrolysis. Characterization of the block copolymers were performed by CV, FTIR, SEM, TGA, and DSC analyses. Electrical conductivities were evaluated by the four-probe technique. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 4218–4225, 1999     

异戊二烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的阴离子嵌段共聚合

在四氢呋喃（THF）与环己烷的混合溶剂中,以正丁基锂（n-BuLi）为引发剂,采用具有较大空间位阻和特定电荷环境的P配合物为添加剂,实现了异戊二烯（Ip）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的阴离子嵌段共聚。分别采用GPC、^1H—NMR对聚合物的结构进行了分析表征。结果表明：随着THF与环己烷体积比的增大,单体的转化率呈现下降的趋势;同时空间位阻较大的P配合物的加入,堵塞了正、负离子对之间的部分通道,有效地抑制了MMA段聚合副反应的发生,在易于工业化的0℃之下成功合成了分子量分布窄（1．21）的聚异戊二烯一聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物（PI—b—PMMA）,并且共聚物中PI嵌段以3,4结构链节为主。     

Robust Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Porous Thin Films via Breath‐Figure Method and Gelation Process

A novel organic/inorganic hybrid honeycomb patterned porous thin film was prepared using the breath‐figure method combined with a sol‐gel process. An in situ formed gelable block copolymer, formed by mixing poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride)‐block‐polystyrene (P(St‐a‐MAn)‐b‐PS) and 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS), was used as the structure directing agent. The porous film produced was dipped into an acid aqueous solution to induce a sol‐gel process in the wall of film. As a result of gelation, the structure of this film transformed into a crosslinked silica oxide hybridized with PS, and this film resisted those organic solvents which were once good solvents for the copolymer precursor.

     

Characterization of azo-containing polydimethylsiloxanes and their copolymers with methyl methacrylate

Azo group-containing polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS–ACP), macroazoinitiators, were prepared by polycondensation reaction of 4,4′-azobis-4-cyanopentanoyl chloride (ACPC) with hydroxybutyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) of varying molecular weights. The activation energy (E_a), activation enthalpy (ΔH^‡), and activation entropy (ΔS^‡) of the thermodecomposition of PDMS-ACP in toluene increased with increase in poly-dimethyl-siloxane chain length (SCL) in PDMS moieties, while the activation free energy (ΔG^‡) was independent on the SCL. The polydimethylsiloxane-poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymers (PDMS-b-PMMA) were prepared by the use of PDMS-ACP macroazoinitiators, and they were characterized by ¹H-, ²⁹Si-, and ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The microstructure and morphology of copolymers were investigated by proton spin–spin relaxation measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Crystalline structure and morphology of microphases in compatible mixtures of poly(tetrahydrofuran‐methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer and polytetrahydrofuran

The crystalline structure and morphology of compatible mixtures of poly(tetrahydrofuran‐methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers (PTHF‐b‐PMMA) with a polytetrahydrofuran homopolymer (PTHF) were studied with synchrotron X‐rays. Wide‐angle diffraction was used to study the crystalline structures in a confined lamellar region with a PTHF thickness ranging from 12.2 to 19.5 nm, and in a PTHF matrix with an interface distance between the PMMA cylinders ranging from 17 to 22 nm. As the above thickness values are around the long period (ca. 17 nm) of PTHF homopolymer under the crystallization condition used, the crystalline structure has been found to be very sensitive to the average thickness of the PTHF phase. The changes in the diffraction patterns with changing PTHF homopolymer content suggested a chain folding model in confined PTHF lamellae with the PTHF fiber axes being perpendicular to the thick PTHF lamella. In the case of hexagonally packed cylindrical PMMA microdomains with an interface distance ranging from 12 to 16 nm, the effects of PMMA cylinders on the crystallization morphology of PTHF in the PTHF matrix, and the effects of the PTHF crystallization on the hexagonally packed structure of PMMA cylinders were also studied. It is shown that only when the interdistance of two neighboring PMMA cylinders is comparable with the long period of the pure PTHF homopolymer, ordered PTHF stacks can be formed in the PTHF matrix. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 779–792, 1999