硬核Yukawa流体中胶体粒子间的耗尽势

基于Roth、Evans和Dietrich有关耗尽势的密度泛函理论研究了硬核Yukawa(HCY)流体中胶体粒子间的耗尽势.在极稀溶液条件下,通过计算两个胶体粒子在不同条件下的耗尽势,分析了HCY流体的相关因素对耗尽势的影响.结果表明,胶体粒子与溶剂分子的尺寸比率、HCY流体分子间的相互作用、HCY流体分子的体相密度以及胶体粒子与流体分子之间的相互作用等因素均可对胶体粒子间耗尽势产生显著影响.研究结果可为实验上调控胶体粒子间的相互作用提供可能的线索.     

AaDd型氢键流体的统计理论（Ⅳ）：胶体粒子间的耗尽势

基于耗尽势的密度泛函理论研究了AaDd型氢键流体中胶体粒子间的耗尽势.针对胶体稀溶液,通过计算在不同条件下两个胶体粒子间的耗尽势和耗尽力,进一步分析了氢键流体中相关因素对二者的影响.结果表明,胶体粒子与流体分子的尺寸比率、氢键流体的体相密度、氢键键能、质子给体和受体数目以及胶体粒子与流体之间的弱相互作用等因素均可对胶体粒子间耗尽势产生显著影响.     

缔合流体中胶体粒子间耗尽势的密度泛函理论研究

本文基于Roth、Evans和Dietrich有关耗尽势的密度泛函理论研究了缔合流体中胶体粒子间的耗尽势. 通过计算在不同条件下两个胶体粒子间的耗尽势, 进一步分析了缔合流体中相关因素对耗尽势的影响. 结果表明, 溶剂分子的体相密度、胶体粒子与溶剂分子的尺寸比率、溶剂分子的官能度和缔合强度以及胶体粒子与溶剂分子之间的弱相互作用等因素均可对胶体粒子间耗尽势产生显著影响.     

受限混合物溶剂中胶粒的耗尽势及吸附稳定性

基于密度泛函理论和Yvon-Born-Green方程得到了胶粒耗尽势的表达式.采用密度泛函理论计算了单壁附近和平行狭缝中的混合物溶剂中胶粒的耗尽势及其在单壁处的吸附稳定性.研究结果表明,不同溶剂组分的体积分数和粒子尺寸比等因素对胶粒耗尽势的强度、力程和周期均可产生显著影响,胶粒在单壁附近的吸附稳定性与溶剂粒子尺寸比和体积分数密切相关.此外,对受限于平行狭缝的胶体悬浮液,胶粒的耗尽势阱还可随粒子尺寸比和缝宽呈振荡趋势变化.     

氢键流体中Janus粒子的过量熵

Janus粒子在结构和性质上的特殊性使其在不同溶剂中呈现出丰富的聚集态结构和相态结构,这与其在溶液中的过量熵密切相关.本文以Janus粒子与氢键流体的稀溶液体系为例,利用经典流体的密度泛函理论研究了氢键流体中Janus粒子的过量熵.首先在极稀条件下给出Janus粒子外氢键流体中的局域密度分布,由此得到Janus粒子与氢键流体的二体分布函数,进而计算了不同情况下的过量熵.在此基础上,阐明了Janus粒子与氢键流体间的相互作用、氢键流体的体相密度、氢键强度和氢键官能度等因素对过量熵的影响.本研究旨在揭示这些因素对过量熵的调控机制,在定量水平上明确Janus粒子在溶液中组装的驱动力,从而为深入研究其聚集态结构提供可借鉴的理论线索.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚醋酸乙烯酯/纳米二氧化硅体系的相分离行为研究

研究了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚醋酸乙烯酯/纳米二氧化硅(PMMA/PVAc/silica)体系的相分离行为.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和链缠结行为的研究发现PMMA和PVAc间存在较强的分子间相互作用,加入纳米二氧化硅导致2种聚合物在纳米粒子表面吸附,从而改变了分子间相互作用.体系中复杂的分子间相互作用以及纳米粒子-聚合物相互作用使得时温叠加严重失效,因此提出用归一化Cole-Cole图分析该体系的相分离过程.纳米粒子对不同组成体系相分离行为的影响不同,近临界组成中纳米粒子促进相分离并最终分布于两相界面,远临界组成中纳米粒子起成核作用并始终分布于海岛相中,这种由相分离机理决定的纳米粒子选择性分布为调控纳米粒子在聚合物中的组装结构提供了新的思路.     

胶体粒子表面有效电荷的实验测量

胶体溶液中带电胶粒的有效电荷是计算粒子间相互作用势的一个重要参数. 在本文中用电导率-粒子数密度关系法和电导滴定法分别研究了七种粒径及表面带电情况均不相同的聚苯乙烯粒子, 结果显示两种测量方法得到的有效电荷数值具有较好的一致性, 误差在7%以内. 同时发现, 经验公式计算的有效电荷差不多是实验值的2倍, 表明文献中的经验公式对于本文所研究的胶体粒子体系不适用.     

葡萄糖与醇在甲酰胺溶液中的焓相互作用参数

利用量热法测定了298.15K时葡萄糖在一些醇(甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、1-丁醇)与甲酰胺的混合溶剂中的溶解热.采用McMilan-Mayer方法,将溶液热力学过量性质与溶液中粒子的相互作用参数相关联,求得了粒子间的焓对相互作用参数和三分子相互作用参数,并就溶质-溶质间的相互作用及溶剂的影响进行了讨论.     

胶体粒子Boltzmann分布对测试结果产生的误差分析

胶体粒子是自然科学中一类非常重要的研究对象。由于重力势场的作用,胶体粒子并不是均匀分布的(假设为Boltzmann分布)。为了考察Boltzmann分布对测试结果产生的影响,通过理论计算讨论了3种粒径(20 nm、50 nm、100 nm)的二氧化硅在重力势场作用下的Boltzmann分布,即浓度随高度的变化,并与平均浓度相比较。结果表明,粒子越大,重力势场对粒子分布的影响越大,对测试结果产生的误差也越大。最后,通过理论计算指出合理选择粒子种类和粒子大小,可以降低Boltzmann分布对测试结果产生的影响。     

胶体分散体系与有序分子组合体的小角X射线散射研究

小角X射线散射(SAXS)是当前化学、物理、生物等学科前沿交叉领域--软凝聚态物质的一个强有力研究工具.本文评述了SAXS方法自身的优势及其在胶体分散体系与有序分子组合体研究中的广泛应用,重点论述了对粒子尺寸或孔径大小分布、胶体体系分散状态、长程有序结构以及混合体系之间相互作用的测量与表征等.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.