腕足化石壳体氧、碳同位素生命效应问题研究

利用产于四川龙门山地区中泥盆统吉维特阶的腕足化石,在保证测试分析精度相同的条件下,对原始生活环境相同、保存程度相同的化石进行了科、属、种3个级别上氧、碳同位素组成的对比,所研究的化石都没有显示出可检测的同位素生命效应.已有的腕足化石具有氧、碳同位素生命效应的认识很可能源于原始生活环境不尽相同和(或)保存程度不同的腕足化石的对比研究.因此腕足化石壳体是研究碳酸盐岩原始氧、碳同位素组成的较为理想的样品.     

华南晚二叠世至早三叠世初灰岩碳同位素地层旋回

在华南晚二叠世灰岩高分辨率碳同位素地层中,可明显识别出２个三级旋回和叠加其上的几个四级旋回．其中长兴阶包括３个碳同位素四级旋回,和吴家坪阶上部的一个四级旋回一起组成了完整的三级旋回．早三叠世初灰岩的δ１３Ｃ值缓慢向正值方向移动,构成一个完整的四级旋回．华南长兴阶层型剖面灰岩的碳同位素四级旋回与“亚层序”相当,地层厚度为１１ｍ～１８ｍ,沉积时间约为１．２～１．７百万年．华南Ｐ／Ｔ界线地层上,生物集群绝灭导致的δ１３Ｃ突变为高负值事件与界线附近的δ１３Ｃ低值区相叠加,形成了δ１３Ｃ的强烈负异常,其中生物集群绝灭成因可能占２／３以上,变负的幅度达０．５‰以上．据高分辨率地层框架估算,碳同位素强烈负异常事件的持续时间约１．５～２．６万年．     

腕足化石壳化氧,碳同位素生命效应问题研究

利用产于四川龙门山地区中泥盆统吉维特阶的腕足化石，在保证测试分析精度相同的条件下，对原始生活环境相同，保存程度相同的化石进行了科、属、种３个级别上氧、碳同位素组成的对比，所研究的化石都没有显示出可检测的同位素生命效应。     

湖相碳酸盐碳、氧同位素与团簇同位素的研究进展

总结近年来传统碳、氧同位素及新兴团簇同位素在湖相碳酸盐中的研究进展,梳理湖相环境中碳酸盐同位素组成变化的影响因素及两种同位素方法在地质研究中的应用,探讨当前研究中存在的问题。湖相碳酸盐氧同位素组成受温度的影响较小,主要与湖盆水体的蒸发量和大气降水量有关,碳同位素组成则受湖水蒸发咸化作用以及湖泊有机质与无机质相互作用的共同控制;团簇同位素仅受温度单一因素的影响,是良好的碳酸盐温度计。指出湖相碳酸盐碳、氧同位素研究的两大方向:一是解决团簇同位素理论研究中存在的问题,尤其是埋藏改造过程中团簇同位素温度的重置机理;二是将传统的碳、氧同位素指标与新兴的团簇同位素指标相结合,进行多指标的地球化学综合分析,有效地避免二者在地质研究中的局限性。     

贵州赫章天桥铅锌矿床围岩的氧、碳同位素研究

据远矿围岩和近矿蚀变围岩的δ＾１８Ｏ和δ＾１３Ｃ,计算了岩石形成时的介质温度、盐度,为讨论不同岩石的形成环境提供了有力的佐证。研究表明,远矿围岩的成因类型的准同生白云岩,近矿蚀变围岩的白云石化是原岩孔隙中的超咸水与较低盐度成矿溶液混合形成的。     

铁瓦殿剖面奥陶系碳氧同位素地层学研究

对铁瓦殿剖面奥陶系碳酸盐岩进行了系统的碳氧同位素样品采集和分析，建立了一条较完整的奥陶系碳氧同位素剖面，研究结果表明，碳氧同位素在对奥陶系划分与对比中，特别是对大区域的年代地层学对比，是一种有用的工具。     

贵州二叠纪海相碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素地球化学演化规律

以贵州罗甸二叠纪剖面为研究对象，详细讨论了海相碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素组成特点，及影响碳酸盐岩的δ１３Ｃ和δ１８Ｏ的主要因素。在此基础上系统阐述了整个二叠纪海相碳酸盐岩的δ１３Ｃ和δ１８Ｏ的演化与海平面升降的关系，第一次系统建立了二叠纪古海洋碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素演化曲线。     

利用碳氧同位素识别碳酸盐层序界面

为更好地识别碳酸盐岩的层序界面,以周口店地区的马家沟组与本溪组、铁岭组与下马岭组两个不整合界面为例,综合采用野外露头及岩性特征描述。采集不整合面附近岩样进行稳定碳氧同位素检测,得出马家沟组稳定同位素测定值δ13C(PDB)‰为-6.19‰～-0.69‰,δ18O(PDB)‰为-10.57‰～-9.08‰,属浅海相沉积;铁岭组δ13C(PDB)‰为-2.44‰～-0.67‰,δ18O(PDB)‰为-8.39‰～-4.47‰,属潮间带沉积。将检测数据进行曲线拟合,证明与该地区沉积环境完全吻合,借此可以识别其不整合面。故提出结合不整合剖面及其岩性组合变化,利用稳定碳氧同位素检测可作为识别碳酸盐岩层序界面的另一种有效方法。     

峨眉山柿子坪热田地下水碳氧同位素特征初步研究

在峨眉山柿子坪热田地质调查及热水勘探过程中 ,采用了碳、氧同位素地球化学方法 ,结果发现不同成因类型的地下水其碳、氧同位素组成特征各不相同 ,为查明地下热水的形成条件提供了重要依据 ,表明用地下水中 HCO-3 的碳、氧同位素组成来研究地下热水系的发育特征是有前景的     

Oxygen and carbon isotope records of calcareous nannofossils for the past 1 Ma in the southern South China Sea

Oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses have been carried out on calcareous nannofossils from ODP Site 1143 in the southern South China Sea. The results demonstrate that the δ18O values of calcareous nannofossils for the past 1 Ma vary systematically with those of planktonic and benthic foraminifera from the same site. But the average δ18O value of nannofossils is 1.869‰ higher than that of planktonic foraminifera, and is 3.855‰ lower than that of benthic foarminifera. There are systematic differences between the δ13C values of nannofossils, planktonic foarminifera and benthic foraminifera. The average δ13C of nannofossils is 0.756‰ higher than that of benthic foraminifera, and is 0.460‰ lower than that of planktonic foraminifera. The δ13C values of nannofossils exhibit a significant positive shift beginning near isotope stage 14 and lasting until stage 8. This study also finds that there is a close ralationship between the δ13C of nannofossils and the percentage of Florisphaera profunda. This implies that the δ13C of nannofossils can be used as an indicator of sea water surface paleoproductivity.     

川东北宋家洞石笋氧碳同位素周期分析

对采自川东北宋家洞的石笋SJ3的氧碳同位素值进行了小波分析和REDFIT分析,得到以下结果:(1)氧同位素值在18.3～17.5 ka有显著的174 a的周期,碳同位素值在16.2～15.4ka、18.3～17.8ka有显著的174 a的周期;(2)氧碳同位素值的周期与太阳活动周期有关。这些表明石笋记录在短时间尺度上与太阳活动存在显著关联。     

龙潭楔叶的再研究——兼论华南晚泥盆世楔叶目的演化

基于安徽省巢湖市狮子口剖面上泥盆统(法门阶)五通组的标本,对龙潭楔叶Sphenophyllum lungtanense Gothan et Sze的叶形和脉式等重要特征取得了新认识。华南晚泥盆世楔叶目的起源和演化分异模式不同于劳俄大陆的同类植物,它们兼有原始和进化的营养器官(枝状、线状或片状叶)和生殖器官(缺少或具有孢子叶),显示出较高的形态多样性和镶嵌演化。     

龙潭楔叶的再研究——兼论华南晚泥盆世楔叶目的演化

基于安徽省巢湖市狮子口剖面上泥盆统（法门阶）五通组的标本,对龙潭楔叶Sphenophyllum lungtanense Gothan et Sze的叶形和脉式等重要特征取得了新认识。华南晚泥盆世楔叶目的起源和演化分异模式不同于劳俄大陆的同类植物,它们兼有原始和进化的营养器官（枝状、线状或片状叶）和生殖器官（缺少或具有孢子叶）,显示出较高的形态多样性和镶嵌演化。     

Late Devonian red tide and mass extinction

Molecular stratigraphical, carbonate carbon isotopic, stratigraphical and paleontological data show that algal booming, eutrophication, anoxia, hypersalinity, positive δ¹³C excursion and biomass decreasing occurred in the offshore carbonate environments of the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) transition, which hints that red tide might frequently take place in the F-F transition of Guangxi, South China. We suggest that the mass extinction of the reef ecosystems and the shallow-water marine organisms in the F-F transition of the lower-middle latitudes may be related to the frequent occurrence of red tide in that time.     

Oxygen isotope geochemistry of phosphorite and dolomite and palaeo-ocean temperature estimation: A case study from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, Guizhou Province,South China

The Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation at Weng'an in Guizhou Province of South China consists of phosphorites and dolomites.Three types of samples are recongnized for the phosphate-bearing rocks.In Type I samples, interstitial phosphates occur within the dolomite rocks, whereas in Type III samples, interstitial dolomites occur within the phosphorites; both of them may have diagenetic origin.The Type II samples are interbedded phosphorites and dolomites.Oxygen isotopic compositions of phosphate and coeval carbonate were analyzed.Phosphates of Type I and II samples show similar low δ18Ophos (SMOW) values of 10.9‰～12.1‰ and 10.7‰～12.8‰, respectively, whereas Type III phosphates show higher δ18Ophos (SMOW) values of 13.2‰～15.0‰.Dolomites from Type I and II samples have δ18Ocarb (PDB) and δ13Ccarb (PDB) values of -6.2‰～-3.4‰ and -2.2‰～-0.7‰, respectively, whereas interstitial dolomites from Type III samples show lower δ18Ocarb (PDB) and δ13Ccarb (PDB) values of -12.9‰～-8.6‰ and -4.4‰～-2.6‰.Petrology and oxygen isotope data suggest that diagenetic alteration may have partially affected the studied rocks, but the dolomites from Type I and phosphates from Type III samples represent the most pristine isotopic compositions of primary carbonates and phosphates precipitated from seawater.Calculations of palaeocean temperatures from the most 18O enriched dolomite and phosphate indicate a temperature range of 32.2 ℃ to 34.0 ℃ for the seawater of the Doushantuo Formation period.Ce anomaly also suggests more oxic conditions and possibly shallower water depth in the upper strata of the Doushantuo Formation at Weng'an, Guizhou Province.     

Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonates in middle Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation and sea-level change

δ13C of dolostones from the Wumishan Formation (1 310-1 207 Ma) in the Ming Tombs area near Beijing ranges from - 1.5 to 1.5‰ (PDB), and generally, the δ18O ranges from - 4 to - 5‰ (PDB). The secular variation of stable carbon isotopic compositions is cyclic. δ13C displays positive shifts from a sequence boundary to 1.5 per mil (PDB), then a negative shifts to - 1.5 per mil (PDB). In some unit, where δ13C values of the rocks are negative, they have relatively high δ18O values close to -4.0‰ (PDB). These characteristics of the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions may be associated with sea-level changes.     

Constraining the Ediacaran oceanic dissolved organic carbon reservoir: Insights from carbon isotopic records from a drill core from South China

The evolution of the atmospheric oxygen content through Earth’s history is a key issue in paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental research. There were at least two oxygenation events in the Precambrian that involved fundamental changes in both biotic innovation and the surface environment. However, a large dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool maintained in deep oceans during the Neoproterozoic may have extended the time interval between the two oxygenation events. To test the DOC hypothesis, we conducted detailed micro-drilled analyses of carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13C_carb) of a long Ediacaran drill core (the Wangji drill core), for which whole-rock δ13C_carb and organic carbon isotope (δ13C_org) records were available. The micro-drilled δ13C_carb values obtained in this study are consistent with whole-rock δ13C_carb results, precluding the influence of severe authigenic carbonate incorporation. Importantly, the multiple negative δ13C_carb excursions in the Wangji drill core were likely linked with upwelling events, during which DOC was supplied to the surface water and oxidized. Using box models, we estimate that ~3.6 × 1019 mol and ~2.0 × 1019 mol DOC were converted to bicarbonate during two negative δ13C_carb excursions spanning millions of years. The estimations are approximately 1000 times the modern marine DOC reservoir. Our results support a relatively high oxidation capacity (elevated atmospheric pO₂ and/or oceanic [begin{document}${rm{SO}}_4^{2 - }$end{document}]) of the Earth’s surface during the early Ediacaran Period.