PVDF中空纤维复合纳滤膜的ζ电位及其分离性能

选用自制中空纤维聚哌嗪酰胺复合纳滤膜对NaCl、Na2SO4、MgCl2及MgSO4溶液进行实验,考察了操作压力、pH、溶液浓度、溶液种类等因素对纳滤膜ζ电位及其分离性能的影响。结果表明:通量随压力增大成线性增大,截留率随压力增大而增大,最后趋于一个稳定值;pH可改变ζ电位的正负,截留率、通量随着pH的变化,均会出现最优值;随着溶液浓度增加,膜的ζ电位绝对值、截留率、通量均会有不同程度的下降。     

UV辐照接枝制备酚酞基聚芳醚酮纳滤膜——链转移剂的作用

酚酞基聚芳醚酮(PEK-C)超滤膜的表面通过紫外辐照接枝丙烯酸(AA)可以制备对II价盐有很好截留率的亲水性纳滤膜. FTIR-ATR、表面接触角、SEM和AFM的研究结果表明, 在接枝单体溶液中加入异丙醇(i-PrOH)作为链转移剂并不影响AA在PEK-C超滤膜表面的接枝反应. 得到的改性膜同样具有优良的纳滤性能. 与不加i-PrOH的AA改性膜相比, 新合成的膜有较高的滤出液通量, 该膜对盐离子的截留率虽有所降低, 但可以通过增加接枝反应时间和辐照光源的强度来提高. i-PrOH的浓度对膜的分离性能的影响很大, 在低浓度时, 改性膜对离子的截留率会有所下降, 继续提高i-PrOH的浓度, 膜的截留率不再变化而滤出液通量会有成倍的增加, 表明链转移剂的存在可能会提高膜的接枝密度, 增加膜的表面电荷, 使膜对离子的截留率保持不变.     

Armos/聚砜共混中空纤维基膜及其纳滤复合膜的制备与性能研究

中空纤维膜因其体积装填密度高、占地面积小、成本相对低等优点备受关注。本文通过将Armos聚合液与聚砜(PSf)共混，经干-湿法纺丝制备了Armos/PSf共混中空纤维超滤膜，研究表明：Armos均匀分散在中空纤维膜中，中空纤维膜断面呈现疏松的多孔结构，随着Armos共混含量的增加，膜的亲水性和纯水通量均提高，但对PEG-20000截留率下降明显。以Armos/PSf共混中空纤维膜为基膜，通过界面聚合制备了中空纤维复合纳滤膜，优化的制备条件为：基膜中Armos的共混含量为4%、水相单体浓度为3%、油相单体浓度为0.15%时，制得的中空纤维复合纳滤膜性能最佳，其通量为8.40L/(m²·h)，对MgSO₄的截留率为88%。     

自支撑海藻酸钙水凝胶抗污染过滤膜的制备及截留性能

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为致孔剂制备了自支撑海藻酸钙(CA)水凝胶过滤膜.通过数码照片及扫描电镜观察膜的表面形貌,探讨了膜的力学性能的压缩率、通量与压力的关系.研究了海藻酸钠浓度、致孔剂浓度对纯水通量和溶菌酶(Lyz)截留性能的影响.结果表明,海藻酸钠浓度越低,PEG浓度越高,膜的通量越大,压缩率也越大.膜通量随着跨膜压力的增加呈现先上升后稳定的趋势.Lyz和牛血清蛋白(BSA)溶液的稳定通量分别为纯水通量的89.97%和94.6%,表明海藻酸钙水凝胶过滤膜具有良好的抗蛋白质污染性能.膜对乳化油的过滤通量为纯水通量的93.04%,且截留率高达99.85%.对于不同分子量PEG的截留结果表明,当PEG分子量大于致孔剂的分子量时,截留率达到90%以上.以低分子量PEG400为致孔剂制备的水凝胶过滤膜对染料亮蓝的截留率达到99.75%,表明该水凝胶膜具有作为纳滤膜的前景.     

黄连黄柏提取液中3种生物碱的原位生成离子液体微萃取及HPLC测定

通过加入水溶性离子液体[C6MIM][Br]和离子对试剂NaPF6在黄连和黄柏的提取液中,原位生成非水溶性离子液体[C6MIM][PF6]萃取其生物碱,离心分相后,用HPLC测离子液体相中的生物碱小檗碱、巴马汀和黄连碱,其线性相关系数分别为0.9998、0.9996和0.9997,线性范围为1~2000 μg/L,检出限皆为0.5 μg/L,加标回收率96.52%~104.34%。 这种方法可用于黄连和黄柏中的小檗碱、巴马汀和黄连碱的检测。     

紫外辐照接枝制备亲水性荷正电纳滤膜

通过在酚酞基聚芳醚酮超滤膜表面紫外辐照接枝亲水性单体二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(DADMAC)制备了一种表面荷正电的纳滤膜. ATR-FTIR和表面水接触角的研究结果表明膜表面的接枝率和亲水性随着辐照时间和单体在接枝溶液中的浓度的增加而增加. 荷正电纳滤膜对盐溶液有很好的截留, 对盐溶液中的高价阳离子和低价阳离子的截留率分别为95%和65%. 但当溶液中存在高价负离子时, 膜的截留性能会明显下降. 表明静电效应在荷电纳滤膜的分离过程中起了重要的作用.     

紫外辐照接枝制备亲水性两性纳滤膜

通过紫外辐照在酚酞基聚芳醚酮(PEK-C)超滤膜表面引发自由基共聚反应, 依次接枝二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DADMAC)和对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS), 制成亲水性、表面载有两种不同电荷的纳滤膜. 通过测定膜的纯水通量和对不同盐溶液表观截留率的变化, 系统研究了单体浓度和接枝时间对膜的分离性能的影响. 结果表明, 用这种方法制成的亲水性两性纳滤膜对盐溶液的截留作用与两种单体在接枝液中的浓度和接枝时间有关. 膜对由高价同离子和高价反离子组成的盐表现出优良的截留作用.     

响应面法优化黄连-罗汉果药对中降糖成分的超声提取工艺研究

本文优化了黄连-罗汉果药对中发挥降血糖作用的主要指标性有效成分小檗碱型生物碱、多糖和罗汉果皂苷的超声提取工艺。利用响应面法考察超声提取时间、料液比例、超声温度与超声功率对提取效果的影响。最佳提取条件为将黄连、罗汉果细粉浸泡于1∶30倍量的水中,置于75℃、400 W的恒温超声仪中提取23 min,提取3次,得到的提取液中三种指标成分质量总和最高,其中小檗碱型生物碱、多糖和罗汉果皂苷的提取率分别为22.70%、31.16%、16.55%。该提取工艺简单高效,预测性良好,有利于促进黄连、罗汉果合用发挥降血糖功效的开发利用。     

内凝固浴组成对聚醚酰亚胺中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响

以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,水为外凝固浴,乙醇为内凝固浴,DMAc为内凝固浴添加剂,采用相转化法制备了聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)中空纤维膜,研究了内凝固浴组成和纺丝液浓度对膜结构和性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着内凝固浴中DMAc含量在一定范围内增加,纤维断面指状孔有所减少,内表面由无孔到有微孔出现,但膜的水通量下降,截留率不受影响;随着纺丝液浓度提高,膜的水通量下降,截留率提高。     

静电位阻模型在纳滤膜跨膜电位解析中的应用

采用静电位阻模型对纳滤膜的跨膜电位进行了理论解析, 考察了溶液体积通量密度、原料液浓度、阴阳离子扩散系数比、膜孔半径和膜体积电荷密度对KCl(1-1型电解质)和MgCl2(2-1型电解质)中的纳滤膜跨膜电位的影响. 研究结果表明, 随着通量密度的增大, KCl和MgCl₂的跨膜电位线性程度增强; 两种电解质的跨膜电位均随着原料液浓度和膜孔半径的增大而下降; 在不同的考察范围内, 阴阳离子扩散系数比对1-1型和2-1型电解质的跨膜电位的影响差别较大; KCl的跨膜电位随着膜体积电荷密度的变化关于零点呈现出对称性, 而MgCl₂的跨膜电位零点则出现在膜体积电荷密度为负的条件下.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.