流动注射抑制化学发光法测定吲达帕胺

在碱性介质中,吲达帕胺对N 溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS) 荧光素发光体系具有很强的抑制作用,并且其抑制化学发光强度与吲达帕胺的质量浓度在一定范围内呈良好的线性关系,基于此,建立了测定痕量吲达帕胺的流动注射化学发光分析法。线性范围为0.01～5.0μg mL,检出限为(3σ)4.7ng mL,对0.1μg mL的吲达帕胺连续测定11次,相对标准偏差为2.6%。将本方法用于片剂中吲达帕胺的分析,并与药典标准方法测定结果一致。     

气相色谱-氮磷检测方法同时检测尿样中的刺激剂、麻醉剂和抗雌激素类五种兴奋剂

建立了一种简单、灵敏、快速地同时测定人体尿液中3类(刺激剂、麻醉剂和抗雌激素)5种兴奋剂的气相色谱-氮磷检测(GC-NPD)方法。尿样采用非衍生法液-液萃取预处理技术,选用叔丁基甲醚作为萃取溶剂,二苯胺作为内标进行定量检测。即在一定量标准品及内标的混合溶液中加入5.0 mL空白尿样混合均匀后,加入0.5 mL 5 mol/L 氢氧化钠溶液、3.0 g 氯化钠和5.0 mL叔丁基甲醚提取液,涡旋、离心,萃取液经氮气吹干、丙酮溶解后用GC-NPD测定。该方法在0.022～20 mg/L之间呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9945～0.9998,最小检出质量浓度为0.007～0.015 mg/L。5种兴奋剂的尿样加标回收率为75.8%～118.2%,相对标准偏差小于17.2%。     

气相色谱-质谱联用技术用于尿样中β-阻断剂的初筛定量和确证

建立了一种同时测定5种β-阻断剂(卡替洛尔、艾司洛尔、普萘洛尔、索他洛尔、比索洛尔)的气相色谱-质谱方法(GC-MS),并用于疑似阳性实际尿样的初筛、定量和确证。分别对游离态和结合态药物进行了提取,合并提取液后采用N-甲基-N-三甲基硅基-三氟乙酰胺(C6H12F3NOSi, MSTFA)和N-甲基-双三氟乙酰胺试剂(C5H3F6NO2, MBTFA)进行混合衍生。确定了优化的GC-MS条件,建立了采用选择离子监测方式（SIM）初筛和全扫描方式（SCAN）确证的实验流程;建立了SIM模式下5种β-阻断剂的尿样加标工作曲线,其SIM方法的检出限达0.2～1.0 ng/mL,尿样的加标回收率为70.5%～103.4%,相对标准偏差小于14.9%。该方法成功地用于普萘洛尔阳性尿样的检测,并绘制了普萘洛尔的尿代谢曲线。该方法对兴奋剂检测中β-阻断剂滥用的控制有重要的意义。     

兴奋剂中利尿剂的检测方法

利尿剂是国际奥委会医学委员会禁止使用的一类兴奋剂。该文对兴奋剂中利尿剂的检测方法进行了综述,重点阐述了样品的处理方法,HPLC－GC－MS的检测方法及各种衍生化方法。     

基于一种新型有机聚合物整体柱的毛细管电色谱技术用于利尿剂的分离与检测

采用自制的新型有机聚1-十六碳烯-三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯［poly(1-hexadecene-co-TMPTMA)］整体柱,建立了一种同时分离检测6种利尿剂(氯噻酮、氢氯噻嗪、美托拉宗、吲哒帕胺、坎利酮和螺内酯)的毛细管电色谱(CEC)新方法,并成功应用于志愿者实际尿样的分析测定。在最佳实验条件下,6种利尿剂包含2种中性物质(坎利酮和螺内酯)和2种同分异构体(美托拉宗和吲哒帕胺)在11.0 min内得到基线分离,柱效分别达到218000、176000、143000、121000、108000、103000 塔板/m。6种利尿剂在1.15～86.0 μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R2 ≥0.990 8,检出限(LOD)在0.35～0.65 μg/mL范围内,回收率为81.9%~105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于4.7%。结果表明,实验所建立的基于poly(1-hexadecene-co-TMPTMA)整体柱的CEC方法,具有良好的重复性和稳定性,能够实现对多种利尿剂的同时分离检测。该方法已成功应用于来自志愿者实际尿样的分析,该方法可以用于利尿剂类药物的初筛。     

分散固相萃取-液相色谱质谱法测定环境介质中的吲唑磺菌胺及其代谢产物

建立水、土壤和沉积物中吲唑磺菌胺及代谢产物IT-4、IT-15的残留分析方法。环境样品采用QuEChERS前处理方法,并利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)在多反应离子扫描模式(MRM)下进行检测,外标法定量。吲唑磺菌胺及2种代谢产物在一定浓度范围内线性良好(R²≥0.995);添加浓度为0.001～0.1 mg·kg ^-1时,其平均回收率为79.9%～107%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0.56%～6.6%;吲唑磺菌胺及2种代谢产物的方法检出限(LOD)为0.01～0.35μg·kg^-1,定量限(LOQ)为0.001 mg·kg^-1.该方法易操作、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于环境介质中吲唑磺菌胺及代谢产物IT-4、IT-15的快速检测和确证。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿液中的内源性类固醇激素

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定尿液中的内源性类固醇激素的方法。尿样经葡萄糖醛酸甙酶酶解后进行液-液提取,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸缓冲液(含0.02 mol/L乙酸铵)(体积比为68:32)为流动相,采用Cosmosil C18色谱柱分离,并以三重四极杆串联质谱多反应监测扫描方式对尿样中的脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)、睾酮、表睾酮、雄酮和苯胆烷醇酮等5种激素进行检测。方法的最低检出限为0.01～10 ng/mL,平均回收率为96.7%～106.5%,日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSD)分别小于7%和11%。应用所建立的方法测定了健康志愿者口服DHEA后尿液中内源性类固醇激素的变化情况,结果表明该方法样品处理简便,色谱分离完全,结果准确可靠,可替代气相色谱-质谱法用于体液中内源性类固醇激素兴奋剂的常规分析。     

3,4-二巯基甲苯衍生化法结合SPME/GC-MS技术分析尿样中超痕量氯乙烯基胂酸

选取氯乙烯基胂酸(CVAOA)为生物标志物,建立了路易氏剂染毒尿样中超痕量CVAOA的分析方法。采用正交试验,优化了CVAOA的巯基化衍生方法,选取3,4-二巯基甲苯(DMT)作为衍生试剂,CVAOA与DMT的用量摩尔比为1∶1 000,常温衍生5 min,可达到最高的衍生效率;之后在优化的顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME)条件下富集纯化衍生产物CVAOA-DMT;使用气相色谱-质谱/选择离子监测模式(GC-MS/SIM)进行定性定量分析。该方法在50.0 pg/m L~500 ng/m L浓度范围内呈良好的线性(r2=0.998 5),相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%,检出限可达7.6 pg/m L,定量下限为23 pg/m L。对低、中、高3种浓度的路易氏剂染毒尿样进行检测,回收率为97.6%~105%,RSD为4.4%~7.1%。该方法分析灵敏度高,具有良好的准确度、精密度和普及性,可被广泛推广和使用。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定茶饮料中6种利尿剂

提出了同时测定茶饮料中6种利尿剂的微波辅助衍生化-气相色谱-质谱法(选择离子监测模式)[GC-MS(SIM)]和气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取,弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化富集后,以碘甲烷、丙酮、碳酸钾为衍生化试剂,采用微波加热使衍生时间缩短为8 min。GC-MS(SIM)和GC-MS/MS两种方法的日内和日间相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于10%,但GC-MS/MS法的检出限(3S/N)和测定下限(10S/N)远低于GC-MS(SIM)法的数值。应用GC-MS/MS法测定茶饮料中6种利尿剂,回收率在65.1%~108.5%之间。     

头发中内源性类固醇激素的气相色谱-串联质谱分析

建立了建康人头发中内源性类固醇兴奋剂睾酮、表睾酮、雄酮、苯胆烷醇酮和脱氢表雄酮的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。头发经碱水解后,以乙醚提取,经衍生化后采用GC-MS/MS的多反应监测模式(MRM)分析。方法的线性关系良好,检出限达0.1～0.2 pg/mg;提取回收率为74.6%～104.5%;日内测定的准确度为90.1%～113.7%,日内及日间测定的精密度均小于17.5%。应用所建立的方法测定了80例中国健康人头发中睾酮、表睾酮、雄酮、苯胆烷醇酮和脱氢表雄酮的生理水平,为内源性类固醇兴奋剂滥用的判断提供了方法和基础数据。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.