首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
我们把关联模型(association models)推广应用到高分子凝胶体系,研究高分子与溶剂分子间的氢键和溶剂分子与溶剂分子间的氢键在高分子凝胶体积相变中的作用.首先通过分析凝胶体积分数与温度的关系发现,由于两种氢键作用,随着温度变化高分子凝胶出现连续、不连续体积相变,结果表明在体积相变过程中两种氢键都起着重要作用.其次,对不同氢键分数条件下的旋节线的研究发现,对于高分子凝胶体积相变中出现的UCST和LCST(上临界共溶温度和下临界共溶温度)现象也是由于高分子与溶剂分子间氢键和溶剂分子与溶剂分子间氢键共同作用的结果.  相似文献   

2.
提出了线性高分子体系中高分子链间排除体积效应的一个它回避模型,并且针对具体的四个模型系统进行了计算机模拟. 计算结果表明:1)线团的均方末端距〈R2〉与行走步数(N)仍然保持着与无规线团模型一样的线性关系;2)但与无规线团相比,线团的空间尺寸被压缩;3)与两侧方向的回避相比,在行走的前进方向的回避而导致的压缩效应更加明显.关键词:排除体积效应回避行走无规线团线性高分子  相似文献   

3.
刘瑞芬  惠治鑫  熊科诏  曾春华 《物理学报》2018,67(16):160501-160501
建立含有关联噪声的双分子-单分子(DM)表面催化反应延迟反馈模型,该模型能同时显示一级和二级非平衡动力学相变,即在一级和二级非平衡动力学相变之间的反应窗口展现.讨论双分子在DM延迟反馈模型中两种吸附机制,即局域和随机吸附模型.研究结果表明:1)外部噪声及两噪声关联性致使反应窗口的宽度收缩;2)内部噪声对非平衡动力学相变行为的影响依赖两噪声关联性,即当两噪声负关联,内部噪声致使反应窗口的宽度变宽;而当两噪声正关联时,内部噪声致使反应窗口的宽度收缩;3)关联噪声致使反应窗口变化对DM模型中一级和二级非平衡动力学相变研究具有重要的科学意义.  相似文献   

4.
本文对R32/R125/R134a三元非共沸混合制冷剂在实现变组成容量控制的组成调节装置中的分离器即填料塔中的传热传质过程进行了理论分析,建立了初步的热质传递模型.对热质传递模型的计算结果进行了分析比较,说明本文建立的热质传递模型是合适正确的.  相似文献   

5.
太阳能辐射强度随时间发生变化,造成蓄热单元入口处传热流体温度呈现非稳态变化。为了分析非稳态的入口温度对相变材料蓄热特性的影响,假设传热流体入口温度1h内随时间呈线性变化,并且1h内的平均温度恒定在60℃。讨论了入口温度随时间线性增加及线性降低两种变化形式,对相变材料的熔化速率、熔化分数、蓄热量、固液界面位置等参数的影响。结果表明,当1h内平均入口温度不变,而初始入口温度在30~90℃的范围内变化时,随初始入口温度增加,尽管熔化速率增加,熔化时间从42.75min减小到20.58min;但1h内的总蓄热量却从72.6kW减小到45.3kW。  相似文献   

6.
双源共蒸法制备非均匀膜的模型分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
探讨了双源共蒸法制备非均匀薄膜的堆积模型,并给出了非均匀膜的沉积速率与两种膜料沉积速率的关系.当两种膜料的沉积单分子大小近似相等或者小分子沉积速率远大于大分子时,可以近似认为混合介质膜的沉积速率等于两种膜料的沉积速率之和;当两种膜料的沉积单分子大小不满足近似相等且两种膜料的沉积速率可比较时,非均匀膜的沉积速率不能简单地用两种膜料的沉积速率之和来近似,它将随两种膜料沉积单分子的大小不同和沉积速率比不同按照不同的规律变化,并在文中给出了不同情况下的非均匀膜的沉积速率变化规律.关键词:非均匀膜共蒸法模型  相似文献   

7.
PNIPAM线性链与凝胶在二元溶剂中相变的变温NMR研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
通过对聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)水溶液和凝胶在水和甲醇混合溶剂中的1H NMR谱图以及弛豫时间(T1与T2)等多种NMR参数随温度变化的研究,发现PNIPAM大分子的基团质子NMR信号、溶剂的弛豫时间都可以用来灵敏表征PNIPAM在二元溶剂中的相变行为. 在PNIPAM凝胶中,温度升到LSCT以上,溶剂峰由单峰变为双峰,分别对应于受限在大分子网络内的受限溶剂和排除到大分子网络外的自由溶剂,两者的弛豫时间存在明显差异. 在PNIPAM溶液中,溶剂峰在相变前后并没有显著变化. 通过PNIPAM溶胀在water/alcohol混合溶剂中的相变研究进一步证实了PNIPAM与不同溶剂之间的相互作用强弱.   相似文献   

8.
动态外场作用下Ising自旋体系的非平衡动态相变   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
邵元智  钟伟荣  林光明 《物理学报》2004,53(9):3165-3170
系统地考察了Ising自旋体系的动力学方程对三种不同性质的驱动外场(正弦波 、方波和锯齿波)的动态响应及其相应的非平衡动态相变特征.在正弦波和方波的驱动场 作用下,体系存在分别对应于低温对称破缺的铁磁有序态和高温对称顺磁无序态的动态非平衡转变,相应的动态转变相界上存在区分连续转变和非连续转变的三临界点;而锯齿波驱动 场情形下体系始终维持对称性破缺的有序态.体系动态转变表现出的上述差异与作用外场的驱动特征有关.确定了表征相应动态相变相界的临界驱动外场振幅h0C和频率 ωc、体系的温度tc, 并给予了分析讨论关键词:Ising自旋体系非平衡动态相变对称性平均场  相似文献   

9.
-QCD是具有严格中心对称性的类QCD理论,研究其在特殊条件下的性质有助于理解QCD退禁Z3闭相变.本文应用三种味道的Polyakov-loop拓展的夸克介子模型作为-QCD的低能有效理论,研究了不Z3同中心对称性破缺模式下的Roberge-Weiss(RW)相变.为保证RW周期性,本文采用味道依赖的虚化学势(μu,μ...  相似文献   

10.
热解碳化学气相沉积中的多重定态和非平衡相变的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
讨论在热解碳化学气相沉积过程中出现的多重定态和非平衡相变这一典型的非平衡物理现象的机理和发展趋势.通过理论分析和实验结果的分析发现热解碳化学气相沉积的化学反应是一个典型的非平衡化学反应,其中在沉积过程中出现的生成碳黑的过程是一个典型的非平衡相变.在这一非平衡化学反应中,自由基的反应模型符合Schlogl模型.在这一非平衡化学反应中,有线性区和非线性区,线性区的产物是热解碳,而非线性区是碳黑.在线性区,反应速率方程是唯一的、线性的,而在非线性区,反应速率方程是多重的、非线性的.关键词:非平衡化学反应非平衡相变化学气相沉积Schlogl模型热解碳  相似文献   

11.
    
A poly(acrylic acid)‐based polymer gel exhibiting strong fluorescence and high photoresponsibility is prepared by using a cyanostilbene derivative as a self‐assembling supramolecular crosslinking agent, which generates conceptually new multiple hydrogen bonds in the gel system. This polymer gel in ethanol shows the gel‐to‐sol transition upon UV light irradiation with concomitant fluorescence color and intensity changes, which are attributed to the trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization of the supramolecular crosslinkers. Aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) behavior of the trans‐cyanostilbene derivative enables a highly fluorescent polymer gel (ΦF = 0.68) with green color (λem = 541 nm), which can be switched into a blue fluorescent sol (λem = 506 nm and ΦF = 0.12) upon UV irradiation.  相似文献   

12.
We have investigated the pressure-induced phase transition of NiO and other structural properties using three-body potential approach. NiO undergoes phase transition from B1 (rocksalt) to B2 (CsCl) structure associated with a sudden collapse in volume showing first-order phase transition. A theoretical study of high pressure phase transition and elastic behaviour in transition metal compounds using a three-body potential caused by the electron shell deformation of the overlapping ion was carried out. The phase transition pressure and other properties predicted by our model is closer to the phase transition pressure predicted by Eto et al.   相似文献   

13.
The present article reports the synthesis and characterisation of a highly conducting composite polymer gel electrolyte, namely polyethylene glycol–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–ammonium succinate system. Formation of an amorphous composite gel electrolyte has been evidenced in differential scanning calorimetry experiments. Thermogravimetric analysis of the composite gel electrolyte has shown better thermal stability of films containing 25 wt% PVA. Composite gel system containing 10 wt% PVA exhibits optimal ionic conductivity (4.0 × 10?4 s cm?1) and its variation with temperature follows Vogel, Tamman and Fulcher relationship. The magnitude of variation in ionic conductivity (with temperature) of these composite electrolytes and its Williams, Landel and Ferry fit reveals liquid-like charge transport. Composite electrolyte with 25 wt% PVA appears to be a suitable candidate for device applications on the basis of experimental findings.  相似文献   

14.
    
Several types of the chiral thiols with two aromatic rings have been synthesised and grafted on polybutadiene diols backbone. The resulting functional polymers possess the OH end groups for the possible preparation of liquid crystal ordered networks. The thermal and mesomorphic properties of the synthesised side-chain units and resulting polymers have been studied by polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray scattering. Some of the resulting polymers possess a mesomorphic behaviour. The effects of the side-chain structure, number of the chiral groups and density of grafting on the polybutadiene diols have been studied.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

We investigated physical gelation and phase transition of aqueous solutions of hydrophobically modified poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (HM‐PNIPAAm) with stearyl acrylate (SA). Aqueous solutions of HM‐PNIPAAm form a reversible gel cross‐linked with hydrophobic aggregations of stearyl groups. The physically cross‐linked HM‐PNIPAAm gel with relatively low SA content shows a two‐step volume transition with increasing temperature. Moreover, overlapping of the reversible gel–sol transition and phase separation results in the phase diagrams of the aqueous solutions of HM‐PNIPAAm, having five distinct regions: dilute sol, gel, gel–sol, sol–sol, and condensed sol regions. The overlapping of the two different phase transitions causes the two‐step volume transition.  相似文献   

16.
王晓平  胡海龙 《物理》2003,32(4):257-262
简述了高聚物薄膜玻璃化转变的复杂性,并结合文章作者的的一些研究结果介绍了扫描力显微术(SFM)在研究高聚物玻璃化转变中的一些方法,包括观察高聚物薄膜形貌的变化,测量其摩擦力、粘附力和弹性模量等物理量的变化,最后指出SFM是研究高聚物薄膜玻璃化转变的有力工具。  相似文献   

17.
         下载免费PDF全文
丁林杰  钟园  樊帅伟 《中国物理 B》2014,23(2):27502-027502
The ferrimagnetism and quantum phase transition of a bipartite lozenge periodic Anderson-like organic polymer, in which the localized f electrons hybridize with the odd site conduction orbitals, are investigated by means of Green's function theory. The ground state turns out to be gapless ferrimagnetism. At a finite temperature, the ferrimagnetic-to- paramagnetic phase transition takes place. The Kondo screenings and Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) inter- action can reduce and increase the transition temperature, respectively. Two Kondo screenings compete with each other, giving rise to the localized f electron spin screened antiferromagnetically. Accordingly, in a magnetic field, all spins are aligned along the chain easily, which is associated with metal-insulator transition. Furthermore, in a temperature-field plane, we reveal the gapless and spin polarized phases, which are characterized by susceptibility and specific heat, and whose behaviours are determined by the competition between the up-spin and down-spin hole excitations.  相似文献   

18.
1引言随着国民经济的快速发展,作为新型的、具有特殊功能的高分子聚合物已成为在国民经济各部门中应用最为广泛的新型材料之一,如SAN、PP、PVC等高聚物.高聚物状态方程是研究这类新型材料性能及其加工过程,以及生产这些高聚物机械设备设计的重要依据,长期以来一直为广大高分子科技工作者十分重视的研究领域。但由于高聚物具有其特殊且又十分复杂的物质结构,与常规的气、液等物态有着很大的差异,尤其热物性与这些常规物质间存在着很大的不同,因此研究起来往往十分困难,至今为止国外的研究仍寥寥无几,国内在这方面的研究几乎尚…  相似文献   

19.
The synthesis and characterization of polyacrylamide/clay nanocomposites for the development of hydrogel system used in enhanced oil recovery is described. The synthesized nanocomposite copolymer was crosslinked with Chromium (III) acetate to form the hydrogel which exhibited an acceptable gel strength, gelation time and gel stability. The nanocomposite gels prepared with low crosslinker concentration (2000 ppm chromium acetate) showed higher gel strength and required longer gelation time than the conventional polyacrylamide (PAAm) gel; these are desirable properties for the effective placement of gel during enhanced oil recovery operations. The effects of various parameters, such as polymer and crosslinker concentration, on the gelation time and gel strength were evaluated using the bottle testing method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed the formation of intercalated and exfoliated clay morphologies. The effects of the clay content on the thermal stability and gel strength of the gel network were also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and rheological measurements (oscillatory time sweep profiles), respectively. Also, in-situ gelation and core flooding experiments revealed that a significant permeability reduction of the sand pack cores could be achieved at reservoir conditions when they were treated with the developed nanocomposite gel formulation. Hence, this nanocomposite gel system with low crosslinker concentration (10,000 ppm of nanocomposite polymer concentration containing 2000 ppm of clay with 2000 ppm chromium acetate crosslinker) may be suitable in water shut-off treatments required for enhanced oil recovery from the oil fields.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号