SDS/正癸醇/甘油与SDS/正癸醇/甲酰胺液晶结构

以极性有机物为溶剂制备展状液晶已经引起重视,但关于极性有机溶剂对层状液晶结构和稳定性影响的研究还很不够.我们曾以~2H NMR测量研究了以甲酰胺代替甘油为溶剂,对非水层状液晶SDS/C_(10)H_(21)OH/溶剂体系稳定性的影响.本文则以小角X射线衍射测量,研究以甲酰胺代替甘油后,对层状液晶SDS/C_(21)H_(21)OH/溶剂体系结构的影响。     

两亲分子溶液聚集体结构的冷冻刻饰电子显微镜研究

利用冷冻刻饰电子显微镜(FF-TEM)技术研究了两亲分子溶液不同有序聚集体的结构, 特别对一些两亲分子溶液体系形成的泡囊结构进行了详细的研究, 探讨了聚集体结构的演变规律. 对无剪切力下化学反应诱导L3-相(海绵相)到层状Lα-相, 手振荡层状Lα-相到多双层泡囊相及高剪切力作用下多双层泡囊相到单双层泡囊相的结构演变进行了冷冻刻饰电子显微镜追踪研究. 首次报道了-诱导的单链长表面活性剂溶液中泡囊相的形成.     

电容法研究卵磷脂/氨基酸/H2O胶束和囊泡体系

运用电容法研究卵磷脂/氨基酸/H2O胶束和囊泡体系结构与性质. 卵磷脂的临界胶束浓度和囊泡生成浓度可由体系电容-卵磷脂浓度关系曲线求得.随着卵磷脂浓度增加, 体系电容增加, 卵磷脂由胶束形成囊泡. 随着氨基酸浓度增加, 胶束、囊泡半径增大, 体系电容减小. 氨基酸能促进卵磷脂形成胶束和囊泡, 使得卵磷脂临界胶束浓度和囊泡生成浓度减小, 其影响的强弱顺序为组氨酸>色氨酸>>甘氨酸.     

SDS/n-C5H11OH/H2O溶致液晶中SDS分子的扩散特性

以铂微电极法测定了在SDS/n-C5H11OH/H2O溶致液晶中SDS（十二烷基硫酸钠）分子的扩散系数.结果表明,恒定质量比SDS/n-C5H11OH条件下,溶致液晶中SDS分子的扩散系数随体系中水含量的增加而增加；恒定质量比SDS/H2O,溶致液晶中SDS分子的扩散系数随正戊醇含量的增加而增加；恒定质量比H2O/n-C5H11OH ,溶致液晶中SDS分子的扩散系数随SDS含量的增加而降低.六角状液晶中SDS分子的扩散系数比层状液晶中SDS分子的扩散系数低约1个数量级,而比W/O、O/W胶束的扩散系数低3～5个数量级.     

电容法研究卵磷脂/氨基酸/H_2O胶束和囊泡体系

运用电容法研究卵磷脂/氨基酸/H2O胶束和囊泡体系结构与性质.卵磷脂的临界胶束浓度和囊泡生成浓度可由体系电容-卵磷脂浓度关系曲线求得.随着卵磷脂浓度增加,体系电容增加,卵磷脂由胶束形成囊泡.随着氨基酸浓度增加,胶束、囊泡半径增大,体系电容减小.氨基酸能促进卵磷脂形成胶束和囊泡,使得卵磷脂临界胶束浓度和囊泡生成浓度减小,其影响的强弱顺序为组氨酸色氨酸垌甘氨酸.     

两亲分子溶液聚集体结构的冷冻刻饰

利用冷冻刻饰电子显微镜(FF-TEM)技术研究了两亲分子溶液不同有序聚集体的结构, 特别对一些两亲分子溶液体系形成的泡囊结构进行了详细的研究, 探讨了聚集体结构的演变规律. 对无剪切力下化学反应诱导L₃-相(海绵相)到层状Lα-相, 手振荡层状Lα-相到多双层泡囊相及高剪切力作用下多双层泡囊相到单双层泡囊相的结构演变进行了冷冻刻饰电子显微镜追踪研究. 首次报道了Zn²⁺-诱导的单链长表面活性剂溶液中泡囊相的形成.     

Triton X-100/C10H21OH/H2O体系层状液晶中超微粒子材料PbS的合成

将Pb(NO3)2和Ns2S分别溶于Triton X-100/C10H21OH/H2O体系层状液晶溶剂层中, 混和即可在溶剂层中生成PbS粒子, 并以层状液晶中溶剂层厚度的大小, 限定所合成PbS粒子的尺寸小于10nm, 改变有关组分含量对PbS超微粒子大小无显著影响, 所合成PbS超微粒子的平均粒径均小于10nm.     

表面活性剂溶致液晶的流变学性质

系统阐述了三种溶致液晶(六角状、立方状和层状液晶)的流变性质,概括了各自的流变性特点并给出了其理论模型,特别对立方相的流变学模型和层状相的剪切诱导转变作用进行了较详细的说明.讨论了因为这种转变而导致的囊泡的形成,并且在表面活性剂和嵌段共聚物中均可观察到剪切诱导的结构转变.     

辛基三甲基溴化铵与辛基硫酸钠混合水溶液的相行为

对辛基三甲基溴化铵(OTAB)与辛基硫酸钠(SOS)正、负离子混合表面活性剂水溶液的相行为进行了研究.在高浓度的溶液中,混合表面活性剂形成液晶相,随着混合摩尔比OTAB/SOS接近于1,液晶结构由六角相转层状相,同时夹杂少量沉淀物;在中等浓度时,任意混合摩尔比例下皆为均相透明溶液;在低浓度下,在很宽的OTAB/SOS混合摩尔比的范围,出现双水相,其中的表面活性剂稀薄相,为不同大小的胶团与囊泡组成的稀溶液,另一表面活性剂富集相中则为数密度很大的囊泡聚集体,富集相对油溶性染料的增溶作用比非富集相高得多.     

Triton X-100体系层状液晶结构及其润滑性能

用小角X射线衍射和2HNMR方法测定TritonX 100/n C10H21OH/H2O体系层状液晶的结构.用高速环块磨损验机考察了不同组分含量的层状液晶对铝合金 钢磨擦副润滑性能的影响.结果表明:随着水含量的增加,层液晶两亲双层中分子的有序度降低,润滑效果也降低;随着Tri tonX 100含量增加,层状液晶两亲双层中分子有序度增加,其润滑效果提高.     

Triton X-100/C10H21OH/H2O体系微乳液与溶致液晶

关于离子型表面活性剂生成的微乳液与溶致液晶已有不少研究，非离子型表面活性剂生成的微乳液与港致液晶的应用正在引起人们的重视，但由于药物提纯的困难，对其物理化学性质的研究还不多见．本文以非离子表面活性剂TritonX－100／C10H21OH／H2O体系为例，研究了非离子型表面活性剂微乳液和溶致液晶的生成及其结构特性．1实验部分试剂ThitonX－100（Aldrich公司，分析纯）正癸醇（分析纯）、水为一次蒸馏水微乳液区域和层状液晶区域的确定方法及小角x射线衍射测定方法同文献，实验温度20±0．1℃．2结果与讨论2·IThtonX－100、CIOH…     

层状液晶中KCl超微粒子的制备

利用溶剂在层状液晶中的渗透性，和层状液晶中溶剂厚度的限定性，在TritonX-100／C10H21OH／H2O体系层状液晶中，以24．0％（质量分数）KCl水溶液代替组分水，制备水溶性超微粒子材料KCl，粒径大小约为4～6nm．     

辛烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚与正癸醇层状液晶的有序性及层状结构

Order character and lamellar structure of TritonX 100/n C10H21OH/H2O lamellar liquid crystal were investigated. Partial phase diagram of TritonX 100/C10H21OH/H2O was measured at 25℃ by the polarizing microscope, and lamellar structure of the lamellar liquid crystal was verified by the 2H NMR spectra. The ESR spin probe method was used to detect the changes in the lamellar liquid crystal. A stearic acid, 5 doxylstearic acid, was used as the spin probe. The values of hyperfine coupling constant and order parameter of lamellar liquid crystal in the phase diagram were calculated. The values of the hyperfine coupling constant with different composition were almost unchanged. It indicates that the micropolarity of the lamellar liquid crystal is very similar. The order parameter decreases with the increasing water content in lamellar liquid crystal. It can be explained by considering that: First, though the penetration is determined at the given weight ratio of C10H21OH to TritonX 100, the absolute water content penetrated into the amphiphile bilayer increases with the increasing of the water content. Second, the thickness of the solvent also increases, which makes the force between layers weaker. The results also showed that order parameter of lamellar liquid crystal increased with TritonX 100 content, which may be explained from the fact that the water content penetrated into the amphiphile bilayer decreases relatively and the molecules in the amphiphile bilayer are made tighten. The interlayer spacing of lamellar liquid crystal was determined by small angle X ray diffraction. The penetration ratio of water in the lamellar liquid crystal was calculated. It was about 50%.     

Nanocomposite particles with core-shell morphology IV: an efficient approach to the encapsulation of Cloisite 30B by poly (styrene-<Emphasis Type="Italic">co</Emphasis>-butyl acrylate) and preparation of its nanocomposite latex via miniemulsion polymerization

In this work, miniemulsion polymerization was applied for encapsulation of Cloisite 30B, an organically modified montmorillonite, inside poly (styrene-co-butyl acrylate) nanocomposite through an efficient and optimized procedure. The primary miniemulsions were prepared by dispersing Cloisite 30B in the monomers mixture (styrene and butyl acrylate) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and Span 80 as surfactants and hexadecane as costabilizer by using ultrasonication. The stability of both miniemulsion and the obtained latex depends on premixing procedures, time and pulsed cycle of ultrasonication, and more importantly on the applied surfactants. The synthesized products were characterized by dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, induced coupled plasma, and Zeta potential measurement. Its prepared film shows an excellent transparency, which is indicative of full exfoliation of Cloisite 30B platelets by poly (styrene-co-butyl acrylate) latex particles through miniemulsion polymerization technique with 73% efficiency. No armored latex particle was observed.     

Triton X－100／C_（10）H_（21）OH／H_2O体系层状液晶中水溶性超微粒子材料Na_2C_2O_4的制备

利用溶剂在层状液晶中的渗透性和层状液晶中溶剂层厚度的限定性，在ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００／Ｃ_（１０）Ｈ_（２１）ＯＨ／Ｈ_２Ｏ体系层状液晶中，以饱和Ｎａ_２Ｃ_２Ｏ_４水溶液代替组分水制备水溶性超微粒子材料Ｎａ_２Ｃ_２Ｏ_４，平均粒径约为６ｎｍ．     

维生素C在CTAB／n—C5H11OH／H2O体系中的增稳作用

在ＣＴＡＢ／ｎ－Ｃ５Ｈ１１ＯＨ／Ｈ２Ｏ体系中，维生素Ｃ存在于Ｏ／Ｗ、Ｗ／Ｏ液滴的内侧，Ｃ５Ｈ１１ＯＨ则存在于液滴的外侧，阻碍渗透进入膜相中的水与维生素Ｃ的接触，从而在幅芳降低了维生素Ｃ在水体系中的氧化程度，提高了其稳定性，Ｏ／Ｗ、Ｗ／Ｏ微乳液对维生素Ｃ分子艇的机理亦从层状液晶对其增稳作用中得到证明。     

青霉素钾对微乳液增溶作用的影响

层状液晶;青霉素钾对微乳液增溶作用的影响     

Production of dimethylether(DME) as a clean fuel using sonochemically prepared CuO and /or ZnO- modified γ- alumina catalysts

The catalytic conversion of methanol to dimethylether(DME)was studied over CuO/Al2O3,ZnO/Al2O3and ZnOCuO/Al2O3nanocatalysts prepared in presence or absence of ultrasonic irradiation.The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),surface characterization method(BET),scanning electron microscope(SEM),H2-temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR)and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia(NH3-TPD).The experimental results show that during catalytic dehydration of methanol to dimethylether,the activities of the CuO/Al2O3,ZnO/Al2O3and ZnO-CuO/Al2O3catalysts prepared using ultrasonic treatment are much higher than those prepared in absence of ultrasonication.SEM shows that the use of ultrasonication results in much smaller nanoparticles.BET and XRD show that the ultrasonication increases the surface area and pore volume of the catalysts.H2-TPR profiles indicated that reducibility of the sonicated nanocatalysts is carried out at lower temperatures.NH3-TPD shows that ultrasound irradiation has enhanced the acidity of the nanocatalyst and hence enhanced catalytic performance for DME formation.     

反应离子刻蚀和自组装分子膜构建硅基底疏水与超疏水表面

采用反应离子刻蚀技术在Si(100)表面加工微米级圆柱阵列, 采用自组装技术分别制备了3种硅烷自组装分子膜. 结果表明, 采用反应离子刻蚀构建出的4种微米级圆柱阵列结构规整, 其直径为5 μm, 高度为10 μm, 间距为15~45 μm. 沉积自组装分子膜后, 试样表面的水接触角显著增大, 其中沉积1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三氯硅烷(FDTS)自组装分子膜接触角最大, 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛烷基三氯硅烷(FOTS)次之, 三氯十八硅烷(OTS)最小. 测得的接触角大于150°时接近Cassie方程计算的接触角, 而小于150°时接近Wenzel方程计算的接触角. 改变圆柱阵列的间距和选择不同的自组装分子膜, 可以控制表面接触角的大小. 原子力显微镜(AFM)观测结果显示, 沉积自组装分子膜可以产生纳米级的团簇. 由微米级圆柱阵列和纳米级自组装分子膜构成的表面结构使Si试样表面接触角最大可达156.0°.     

半微分电分析研究CTAB/n-C_4H_9OH/n-C_7H_(16)/H_2O微乳结构

制备了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/正丁醇/正庚烷/水四组分体系的相图。讨论了 体系中助表面活性剂与表面活性剂的质量比k_m对形成微乳状液单相区域大小的影 响。以二茂铁为电活性探针用半微分电分析法测定系列微乳样品的表观扩散系数 D_(app)，从表观扩散系数D_(app)随含水量Φ_w的变化确定微乳液的微结构和结构 转变。电导率数据证实了半微分电分析的实验结果。