荧光法测定水样中的硒(Ⅳ)、硒(Ⅵ)和有机硒

本文提出了水样中硒（Ⅳ）、硒（Ⅵ）和有机硒的荧光测定方法。基于酸性介质中２,３－二氨基萘与硒（Ⅳ）的选择性反应,直接测定硒（Ⅳ）;利用盐酸还原硒（Ⅵ）和ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣｌＯ４消化有机硒后,用差减法分别测出硒（Ⅵ）和有机硒。检出限０．０７μｇ／Ｌ,线性范围０～１０μｇ／Ｌ。硒（Ⅳ）、硒（Ⅵ）和有机硒的相对标准偏差与回收率分别为２．４％和９８．５％～１０１．５％、３．１％和９４．８％～１０３％、４．０％和９４．５％～９８．８％。     

硒酵母中有机硒及硒代氨基酸含量的测定方法

报道了人工培养硒酵母中有机硒及硒代胱氨酸（ＳｅＣｙｓ）和硒代蛋氨酸（ＳｅＭｅｔ）含量的测定方法。采用透析处理法使硒酵母中的无机硒和有机硒得以分离,并采用催化分光光度法测定了硒酵母中有机硒的含量;采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定了硒酵母中ＳｅＣｙｓ和ＳｅＭｅｔ的含量。     

富硒香菇中微量元素硒的含量测定

以香菇为载体,通过在培养基中加入一定质量浓度的复合硒溶液进行富硒栽培,获得了富硒香菇,并成功提取出香菇硒多糖,应用2,3-二氨基萘荧光分光光度法测定了富硒香菇中的硒含量,方法简单,结果可靠。     

Biochemical Aspects of Selenium Amino Acids and Selenium Peptides

Abstract

We discovered peculiar enzymes participating in selenium amino acid metabolism: selenocysteine β-lyase occurring in mammalian tissues and bacteria, and D-selenocystine α,β-lyase occurring in Clostridium sticklandii. We here describe enzymological properties and reaction mechanisms of these enzymes. We synthesized the selenocysteine analogues of Neurospora crassa copper metallothionein as well as four diastereoisomers of glutathione. Their physicochemical properties and reactivity with peroxides are also described.     

Amorphous Selenium and Crystalline Selenium Nanorods Graphene Composites as Cathode Materials for All-Solid-State Lithium Selenium Batteries

Selenium (Se) is an element in the same main group as sulfur and is characterized by high electrical conductivity and large capacity (675 mAh g⁻¹). Herein, a novel ultra-high dispersion amorphous selenium graphene composite (a-Se/rGO) was synthesized and a selenium nanorods graphene composite (b-Se/rGO) was prepared by hydrothermal method as the cathode material for all solid-state lithium−selenium (Li−Se) batteries, hoping to improve the efficiency and utilization rate of active substances in all solid-state batteries. The all-solid-state batteries were assembled using a heated thawing electrolyte (2LiIHPN−LiI; HPN=3-hydroxypropionitrile). The utilization rate of a-Se/rGO was 103 % and the capacity was 697 mAh g⁻¹, which remained at 281 mAh g⁻¹ (41.6 % of the 675 mAh g⁻¹) after 30 cycles under 0.5 C. Notably, a-Se/rGO showed excellent performance concerning its utilization rate, with a capacity of up to 610 mAh g⁻¹ at 2 C, due to the high availability of amorphous Se and the special properties of the electrolytes. However, in the charge and discharge cycles, the second discharge capacity of a-Se/rGO was more significantly attenuated than that of the first discharge due to the formation of larger crystals of selenium during the charging process. The battery assembled using b-Se/rGO maintained a capacity of 270.58 mAh g⁻¹ after 30 cycles (the retention rate of discharge capacity was 66.13 % compared with that in the first cycle). Through TEM and other relevant tests, it is speculated that amorphous selenium is conducive to capacity release, which, however, is affected by the formation of crystalline selenium after the first charge process.     

硒与端粒酶

硒是人体必需微量元素,它参与抗氧化酶谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和多种硒蛋白的组成,在体内发挥消除自由基、抗氧化物等作用。硒的抗衰老与抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用是通过它对端粒酶的作用而实现的。研究端粒酶的调控及其与细胞凋亡的关系已成为人类种瘤研究的新热点。     

硒与癌症

硒是人体必需微量元素。流行病学调查表明。土壤硒含量，谷物硒含量。食物硒摄入量及人体血硒水平与多种癌症发病率（死亡率）呈负相关，动物实验证实，适量硒具有抑癌抗癌作用，硒抗癌机理研究及人体干预试验进一步说明硒与癌症关系密切。     

硒与社会

元素硒(Se)属半金属。硒及其化合物在工业、农业、国防和科技等领域具有广泛和特殊的用途;晒是人体必需的14种微量元素之一,对人与动物的生理代谢、生命的维持、延续和疾病预防关系极其密切。人与动物体内缺硒或摄入的硒过多时,将引起某些疾病和不适,应积极进行预防和治疗。     

直接碘量法测定粗硒中的硒

建立了直接碘量法测定粗硒中硒的分析方法,采用硝酸、硫酸分解试料,在含有酒石酸的6 mo L/L盐酸溶液中,用盐酸羟胺还原析出单体硒,过滤,与其它元素分离,单体硒用酸溶解,在硫酸介质中,用硫代硫酸钠标准溶液进行滴定。临近终点时加入碘化钾,反应析出的碘以淀粉为指示剂,继续用硫代硫酸钠标准滴定溶液进行滴定来测定粗硒中的硒量。方法测定范围70.00%~98.00%,方法相对标准偏差0.084%~0.18%,加标回收率98.8%~100.6%。     

微量元素硒的抗癌作用

对硒在恶性肿瘤的防治及其作用机理进行了总结和讨论,硒通过调节机体免疫功能、介入致癌物的代谢、抑制癌细胞生长及抗过氧化作用等发挥防癌和抗癌功能。另外,硒对白血病的治疗引起了人们的重视。     

硒的分析方法研究

硒是一种分散的稀有元素，它在电子工业，医疗等部门有广泛的用途和诱人的发展前景。本文介绍了一些硒的定性和定量分析方法。     

硒与甲状腺疾病

简要介绍了硒的代谢、功能及其与甲状腺的生理，重点综述了硒在几种常见甲状腺疾病中的表达水平，并探讨了硒对甲状腺疾病的作用机制。     

硒与肺癌

为深入研究硒的抑癌机制,对肺癌患者进行合理的硒治疗和对肺癌高危人群进行适当的硒干预,概述了硒在自然界的分布,人体硒营养状况的评价指标,硒与肺癌的流行病学、动物实验、体外试验、人体干预试验、发病机制的研究现状。     

硒的研究进展

综述了微量元素硒的研究进展，包括：基础学研究、临床研究和含硒药物研究进展。     

硒妹妹的名片

硒在我们的日常生活和生命活动中发挥着无法替代的重要作用,本文将采取拟人化的手法,采用简历的形式对硒的物理性质、化学性质以及应用等进行介绍。让读者们用更为生动活泼的方式来获取知识。     

硒与心血管疾病

介绍了硒的生物学特征及与心血管疾病的关系,包括：硒的生物学特征及作用,硒与自由基,硒与动脉粥样硬化,硒与冠心病,硒与克山病.     

硒的免疫功能

硒是一种重要的人体必需微量元素。缺硒会损害免疫系统的功能。补充适量的硒可增强细胞免疫、体液免疫及非特异免疫功能。本文介绍了硒的免疫功能,并讨论硒在疾病防治中的作用。     

硒的分析概况

对硒分析方法进行了综述,共分硒的分析分离方法,硒的定量法两大部分。硒的分析和分离方法中,介绍了硒的分析方法及分类,硒样品采集与前处理,分离方法。硒的定量法中介绍了重量法、容量法、分光光度法、荧光法、原子吸收分光光度法、原子发射光谱法、极谱法、中子活化分析法、气相色谱法、液相色谱法等。每一分析法中介绍了测定法研究及应用实例 。本文参考了137篇有关硒与硒分析法资料。     

Selenium status in Turkey

Measured (n = 36, 51 ·g/day) and estimated (n = 274, 44 ·g/day) dietary daily intake of selenium in Turkey is low compared to the RDA value of 55 ·g Se/day. When the existence of high prevalence of iodine deficiency in most part of the country is considered, adequate level of dietary Se becomes more important. We have found recently that high iodine-deficient goitrous children had lower Se levels and antioxidant enzyme (AOE) activities, and higher levels of DNA base lesions than non-goitrous controls. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.