车用发动机自动张紧器静态力学特性实测分析

自动张紧器是发动机前端附件驱动系统(front and accessory drive, FEAD)中,用于减小张紧轮两侧带段张力波动和带段横向振动位移的主要零部件之一. 张紧器的静态力学特性的评价参数包括张紧器的静刚度、初始扭矩和阻尼系数. 介绍了张紧器力-位移曲线的实验方法,以及张紧器扭矩-角位移曲线、性能评价参数的求解方法. 张紧器静态力学特性实测数据,为FEAD 系统静态、动态特性计算提供数据基础. 实验方法为类似旋转运动件的扭转静刚度测试提供参考.     

浸没式浮筒对系泊缆松弛-张紧特性的影响研究

为了研究浸没式浮筒对悬链线系泊缆松弛-张紧特性的影响,本文基于集中质量法建立了下端锚固、上端做简谐运动的带浮筒悬链线系缆运动微分方程。运用Newton-Raphson法和Howbolt差分法,求解了系缆的运动特性和动张力值。通过与无浮筒悬链线系泊系统的对比,分析了几种不同参数的浮筒对系泊缆松弛-张紧现象及冲击放大系数两个方面的影响。结果表明:附加一定大小的浸没式浮筒能有效抑制系泊缆松弛-张紧现象的出现,并且减小系缆运动过程中动张力的冲击放大系数;但当附加浮筒的净浮力过大时,在极端海况下,会助长系泊缆上端出现松弛-张紧现象,进而影响系泊物的稳定性。     

深水钻井隔水管与井口耦合作用力学仿真分析

深水钻井时由于海底情况复杂,井口系统的稳定性可能受到诸多因素的影响。本文结合实际工况,综合考虑浪流载荷和地基反力等因素,建立了深水钻井系统力学理论模型,并分析了张紧力和平台偏移量对隔水管和地层组合管柱力学行为的影响规律。分析结果表明:上部载荷对地层管柱作用都集中在管柱的上部较短区域,作用能力有限;增加张紧力可以减小隔水管的横向位移和截面弯矩,有利于隔水管的稳定,但是会增加地层组合管柱的横向位移和弯矩,增加井口装置倾覆的风险;过大的平台偏移量会导致全段管柱较大的横向位移和截面弯矩,使得管柱被破坏的可能性大幅度增加。所以在钻井作业时,有必要控制平台偏移量,取用合适的张紧力,保证作业安全。     

轴向移动系统的参数振动问题研究进展

对近二十年来轴向移动系统(移动弦，移动梁和移动带等)的参数振动研究进展进行了详细的评述，特别关注了轴向张紧力和移动速度随时间改变时轴向移动系统的参数振动特性和稳定性等问题。文章首先讨论了所研究问题的控制方程。然后详细说明了目前研究中人们较为关注的几个重点问题，如参数激励的形式，求解方法和所研究的问题等。接着在其后的两节中，分别评述了在张紧力和移动速度随时间变化时，轴向移动弦和轴向移动梁的振动问题近年来的研究进展，详细、深入讨论了模型的类型、张紧力和轴向移动速度随时间变化的形式以及在研究中使用的解题方法和系统的振动特性(振动响应、固有频率和动态稳定性)等；最后给出了在此领域今后研究中应关注的问题。     

柔绳导向提升容器的横向摆幅分析

本文分析表明采用液压张紧柔绳导向的立井多绳提升容器在运行时的横向摆动为慢变参数非线性振动；振幅最大值发生于导向绳中部偏下位置并主要取决于导向绳横向刚度及运行速度；所得近似公式可为现场设计计算提供参考。     

材料力学中索的张力与变形

推导张紧索在铅直分布力作用下的平衡方程，求得其精确解，说明索张力的水平分量为常量．给出索的应力、变形、应变能等表达式．分析了水平悬索的张力与变形，并通过数值结果进行了说明．     

封面图片说明

封面图片包括3幅图，分别是人眼解剖示意图、晶状体显微结构图以及压缩实验结果图．人眼解剖图中蓝色部分为晶状体，黄色箭头表示在未调节状态下悬韧带保持张紧；晶状体显微结构图显示的是压缩实验之后剥去部分皮质之后的晶状体，左侧为剥离掉的皮质，可以看出晶状体存在明显的分层结构，晶状体浅皮质区的层与层之间界限明确；     

拱桥悬臂施工过程中面内特征值的传递矩阵法

采用传递矩阵法对拱桥悬臂施工过程中的面内特征值问题进行求解,建立了该类桥型施工过程中面内竖弯刚度的评估方法.首先,将索和拱分别视为无垂度的张紧弦和欧拉伯努利梁,基于传递矩阵法基本理论推导了系统的总传递矩阵,考虑拱和索的边界条件以及索拱节点的位移连续性条件得到系统的特征值方程,进而计算出系统的频率和模态.同时,采用有限元...     

旋转三角形绳系卫星编队系统动态稳定性分析

本文研究了平动点附近的旋转三角形绳系卫星编队系统的动态稳定性问题.为了便于分析,假设系绳始终保持张紧状态,且不计系绳的质量.为了建立更加符合实际的数学模型,考虑了姿态运动和轨道运动的相互影响,即姿轨耦合,并在此基础上推导出了考虑姿轨耦合的非线性动力学方程.最后用数值方法模拟了在不同的旋转速度情况下系统的动态稳定性,模拟结果表明旋转速率越大系统稳定性越好.     

紧耦合GPS／INS组合特性及其关键技术

针对GPS/INS组合导航系统在军民各领域广泛应用的特点,鉴借国外对紧耦合GPS/INS组合模式的实验研究,分析常规紧耦合和深紧耦合GPS/INS组合模式的构成与工作原理,仿真研究紧耦舍GPS/INS组合模式的特性,其具有高抗干扰能力.高伪距测量精度及高导航定位能力.面对深紧耦合GPS/INS组合导航突出的性能特点,探讨深紧耦合GPS/INS组合研究从仿真到工程化中的几个关键技术问题,目的以供相关人员在组合导航系统研制时参考.     

火场条件下相邻汽油罐油蒸汽泄漏及爆炸规律

油库发生火灾时,临近的油罐内汽油受热形成油蒸汽从呼吸阀泄出,泄漏的油蒸汽与空气混合易点燃,易引起燃烧爆炸事故。本文中以容积为5 000 m^3(22 m×13 m)的汽油罐泄漏油蒸汽为研究对象,以数值模拟为研究方法,研究了汽油蒸汽泄漏及爆炸规律。研究发现:在距地面高1 m的平面上,当无风且呼吸阀泄漏油蒸汽速率为0.25 m/s时,距该罐中心50 m以外就可视作安全区域;当呼吸阀泄漏的油蒸汽速率为0.25 m/s时,风速达到5.0 m/s及以上,不易积聚成爆炸油蒸汽;当无风时,呼吸阀泄漏油蒸汽的速率增大1个量级,油蒸汽积聚达到爆炸下限1/2所需时间缩短2个量级;当风速为3.0 m/s、呼吸阀泄漏油蒸汽速率为0.25 m/s、泄漏时间为200 s、着火点距罐壁1 m时,距点火源距离增大1个量级,超压峰值下降1~2个量级。     

Étude numérique du couplage de la convection naturelle avec le rayonnement de surfaces en cavité carrée remplie d'airNumerical study of natural convection-surface radiation coupling in air-filled square cavities

A numerical tool is developed for coupling natural convection in cavities with surface radiation and computations are performed for an air-filled square cavity whose four walls have the same emissivity. Compared to the adiabatic case without radiation, the top wall is cooled, the bottom wall is heated, air flow along the horizontal walls are reinforced and thermal stratification in cavity core is reduced. Detailed analysis shows that net radiative heat flux is linear with ΔT if $\mathrm{\Delta }T?T_0$, which is the case at low Rayleigh number, and that radiative Nusselt number is a linear function of the cavity height. Surface radiation induces an early transition to time-dependent flows: for $?=0.2$ and a cavity height of 0.335 m the critical Rayleigh number is equal to $9.3\times {10}^6$ and the corresponding Hopf bifurcation is supercritical. Furthermore, multiple periodic solutions are observed between $\mathit{Ra}=1.2\times {10}^7$ and $1.3\times {10}^7$. To cite this article: H. Wang et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Shear-layer acoustic radiation in an excited subsonic jet: experimental study

The subharmonic acoustic radiation of a tone excited subsonic jet shear-layer has been investigated experimentally. Two jet velocities $U_j=20\text{m}?{\text{s}}^{\mathrm{?1}}$ and $U_j=40\text{m}?{\text{s}}^{\mathrm{?1}}$ were studied. For $U_j=20\text{m}?{\text{s}}^{\mathrm{?1}}$, the natural boundary-layer at the nozzle exit is laminar. When the perturbation is applied, the fluctuations of the first and the second subharmonics of the excitation frequency are detected in the shear-layer. In addition, the first subharmonic near pressure field along the spreading jet is constituted of two strong maxima of sinusoidal shape. The far-field directivity pattern displays two lobes separated by an extinction angle ${\theta }^{?}$ at around 85° from the jet axis. These observations follow the results of Bridges about the vortex pairing noise. On the other hand, for $U_j=40\text{m}?{\text{s}}^{\mathrm{?1}}$, the initial boundary-layer is transitional and only the first subharmonic is observed in the presence of the excitation. The near pressure field is of Gaussian shape in the jet periphery and the acoustic far-field is superdirective as observed by Laufer and Yen. The state of the initial shear-layer seems to be the key feature to distinguish these two different radiation patterns. To cite this article: V. Fleury et al., C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

Non-linear argumental oscillators: Stability criterion and approximate implicit analytic solution

The behaviour of a space-modulated, so-called “argumental” oscillator, is studied. The oscillator is submitted to an external harmonic force, which is amplitude-modulated by the oscillator's position in space. An analytic expression of a stability criterion is given. Using the averaging method, an integrating factor and a Van der Pol representation in the (amplitude, phase)-space, an exact implicit analytic solution is given when there is no damping, and an approximate implicit analytic solution is given when there is damping, allowing the plotting of the separatrix curve. An attractor is identified.     

Distortional hardening plasticity model for paperboard

A distortional hardening elasto-plastic model at finite strains suitable for modeling of orthotropic materials is presented. As a prototype material, paperboard is considered. An in-plane model is established. The model developed is motivated from non-proportional loading tests on paperboard where the paperboard is pre-strained in one direction and then loaded in the perpendicular direction. A softening effect is revealed in the pre-strained samples. The observed experimental findings cannot be accurately predicted by current models for paperboard. To be able to model the softening effects, a yield surface based on multiple hardening variables is introduced. It is shown that the model parameters can be obtained from simple uniaxial experiments. The model is implemented in a finite element framework which is used to illustrate the behavior of the model at some specific loading situations and is compared with strain fields obtained from Digital Image Correlation experiments.     

Stagnation-point flow of a viscoelastic fluid towards a stretching surface

An analysis is made of the steady two-dimensional stagnation-point flow of an incompressible viscoelastic fluid over a flat deformable surface when the surface is stretched in its own plane with a velocity proportional to the distance from the stagnation-point. It is shown that for a viscoelastic fluid of short memory (obeying Walters’ B′ model), a boundary layer is formed when the stretching velocity of the surface is less than the inviscid free-stream velocity and velocity at a point increases with increase in the elasticity of the fluid. On the other hand, an inverted boundary layer is formed when the surface stretching velocity exceeds the velocity of the free stream and the velocity decreases with increase in the elasticity of the fluid. A novel result of the analysis is that the flow near the stretching surface is that corresponding to an inviscid stagnation-point flow when the surface stretching velocity is equal to the velocity of the free stream. Temperature distribution in the boundary layer is found when the surface is held at constant temperature and surface heat flux is determined. It is found that temperature at a point decreases with increase in the elasticity of the fluid.     

小波分析用于陀螺仪漂移测试信号分析的研究

为建立陀螺仪漂移特性模型，需对其进行测试。由测试得到的数据是含有噪声的，且一般是非平稳的，用小波分析测试数据是一种很有效的方法。在简述小波分析中的多分辨分析理论的基础上，用其对某型陀螺仪的实测数据进行了分析－预处理，其结果证实了所研究方法的有效性。