基于三维磁成像的近场磁性体探测

提出一种近场条件下未知磁源的三维磁成像方法.考虑到大多数磁性体不仅受背景磁场磁化,本身也带有较强剩磁,将观测面上的磁场转换为磁场矢量异常模量,并建立目标函数进行最优化求解,以得到符合观测磁场特征的磁性体磁化模型.仿真和实验表明：此方法可有效消除剩磁对反演结果的影响,能够实现对近场多个磁源磁化率分布的成像,验证了所提方法用于探测隐含磁体位置和形状的可行性.     

磁性液体材料微结构磁化状态数值分析

采用磁性液体边界元数值模型分析了磁性粒子微结构磁化状态及相互作用,并与相应的有限元数值结果进行比较．结果表明：虽然粒子边界层附近的磁场分布出现了一定的模糊,且变化幅度明显高于有限元结果,但在粒子边界层以外的其它区域两种数值解法具有高度一致性;当粒子边界元节点数较小时,磁力相互作用边界元结果与有限元结果相差较大,且很不稳定;随着节点数增加,边界元结果逐渐趋近于有限元虚功原理的磁力数值结果,并达到一个较稳定的量值．结果清晰地反映出边界元数值方法在磁性液体多体动力学模拟研究中的一些基本特征。     

The elimination of magnetic susceptibility artifacts in the micro-image of liquid-solid interfaces: internal gradient modulation by the CPMG RF train

Distortions of magnetic resonance images near solid-liquid interface appear as the result of the restriction to spin self-diffusion in the proximity of impermeable boundary as well as of a susceptibility difference. The spectral analysis of spin echo enables to resolve, in a simple way, how various RF-gradient pulse sequences reduce the effect of the internal magnetic field induced by the susceptibility difference at interfaces. The 1D diffusion-weighted imaging of water in the narrow notch tested efficiency of some sequence. The notch was milled in a piece of Plexiglas. The method can be used to distinguish the susceptibility effect from the effects of applied gradients when investigating the transport of fluid through a porous structure.     

两个非磁性颗粒在磁流体中的沉降现象研究

在磁场作用下,在磁流体里添加非磁性颗粒(non-magnetic particles,NPs),可以使得NPs形成不同的结构,操控NPs的运动从而影响磁流体的特性,这种应用逐渐受到了研究者的关注.为了更好地操控磁流体里NPs的运动,本文采用一种多物理模型研究在外加磁场作用下,磁流体中两个NPs沉降的运动过程.其中,用格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟磁流体的运动,外加磁场对磁流体的影响用一种自修正方法求解泊松方程,这个自修正方法可以使欧姆定律满足守恒定律.NPs之间的偶极干扰力采用偶极力模型,同时采用一种相对过渡平滑的共轭边界条件处理NPs与磁流体交界面的流固干扰以避免磁场密度过渡的突变.本文主要探究两个NPs在磁流体中的沉降,揭示磁场作用下NPs的相互干扰原理;同时,对控制NPs运动时的参数进行调节,得到NPs不同的运动轨迹,达到操控颗粒运动的目的.本研究可对NPs在磁流体中的应用提供定量的分析结果,对NPs在工业上的应用提供有力的理论支撑.     

The Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B/Fe-Nb-Si-B Bilayer

We have investigated the structure (by TEM and SEM) and basic surface and bulk magnetic properties (by measurement of surface and bulk hysteresis loop and domain structure observations) of a Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B/Fe-Nb-Si-B bilayer prepared by melt spinning method. We have detected perfect bonding between the two layers of the bilayered ribbon. This bonding produces tangential stress, which influences magnetic properties measured in surface layers at both sides of the ribbon.     

Numerical Simulation on a Possible Formation Mechanism of Interplanetary Magnetic Cloud Boundaries

The formation med2aniRm of the interplanetary magnetic cloud (MC) boundaries is numerically investigated by simulating the interactions between an MC of some initial momentum and a local interplanetary current sheet.The compressible 2.51:) MHD equations are solved. R~sults show that the magnetic reconnection process is a possible formation mechanism when an MC interacts with a surrounding current sheet. A number of interesting features are found. For instance, the front boundary of the MCs is a magnetic reconnection boundary that could be caused by a driven reconnection ahead of the cloud, and the tail boundary might be caused by the driving of the entrained flow as a result of the Bernoulli principle. Analysis of the magnetic field and plasma data demonstrates that at these two boundaries appear large value of the plasma parameter β, clear increase of plasma temperature and density, distinct decrease of magnetic magnitude, and a transition of maguetic field direction of about 180 degrees. The outcome of the present simulation agrees qualitatively with the observational results on MC boundary inferred from IMP-8, etc.     

Forward and inverse problem for cardiac magnetic field and electric potential using two boundary element methods

This paper discusses the forward and inverse problem for cardiac magnetic fields and electric potentials.A torso-heart model established by boundary element method(BEM) is used for studying the distributions of cardiac magnetic fields and electric potentials.Because node-to-node and triangle-to-triangle BEM can lead to discrepant field distributions,their properties and influences are compared.Then based on constructed torso-heart model and supposed current source functional model-current dipole array,the magnetic and electric imaging by optimal constrained linear inverse method are applied at the same time.Through figure and reconstructing parameter comparison,though the magnetic current dipole array imaging possesses better reconstructing effect,however node-to-node BEM and triangleto-triangle BEM make little difference to magnetic and electric imaging.     

核磁共振高信噪比弱信号检测的理论与实验研究

基于小型射频线圈的核磁共振检测探头在波谱分析和成像研究中具有广泛的应用,如化学位移波谱分析、磁共振成像和勘探测井等技术领域。但是,由于外加静磁场作用下,自旋体系发生塞曼能级分裂后,高低能态之间的核自旋数量之差很小,普遍存在检测信噪比很低的问题,而且初级磁共振接收信号的质量受所用探头线圈电气参数的影响较大。研究结果表明,在特定的被测样品和接收线圈占空比以及静磁场等条件不变的情况下,检测信噪比与单位电流产生的射频磁场成正比,而与线圈高频电阻的平方根成反比。在永磁0.39Tesla主磁场条件下,研究了趋肤效应影响下小型螺线管线圈几何参数的优化设计方法。理论仿真和实际的测量结果表明,几何参数为线径0.5 mm、直径5.5 mm的10匝微螺线管线圈,在16.9 MHz谐振频率上,相对信噪比取得一个极大值点,对应的Q值约为199.8,与阻抗分析仪测得结果有较好的吻合,验证了该核磁共振检测线圈设计新方法是合理的。本文提出的基于线圈电磁特性的高信噪比检测探头设计方法,可推广到目前的质子密度成像、岩心弛豫谱分析等应用中。     

基于模块计算机的千兆网磁共振谱仪控制接口

提出了一个基于模块计算机的磁共振谱仪的控制接口,它建立了核磁共振成像谱仪与上位计算机之间的通信,实现了控制谱仪、上传和下载、数据处理等功能,具备较高的传输速度,以及较好的实时性. 该接口以硬件模块的方式集成到谱仪上,通过千兆和百兆以太网连接上位机,接收下传至谱仪的序列;用中断机制和直接内存存取(DMA)方式实现与谱仪的数据传输,并将处理采集到的回波数据并上传到上位机. 控制接口的设计采用模块计算机Computer-On-Module(COM)的设计思路,以高性能的处理器为嵌入式平台,在Linux操作系统下开发驱动程序和应用程序. 实验证明,该模块具有数据处理速度快、传输速率高,成本低,体积紧凑,扩展性强等特点,是实现磁共振谱仪高性能的控制接口的理想方案.     

Numerical Simulation on a Possible Formation Mechanism of Interplanetary Magnetic Cloud Boundaries

The formation mechanism of the interplanetary magnetic cloud (MC) boundaries is numerically investigatedby simulating the interactions between an MC of some initial momentum and a local interplanetary current sheet.The compressible 2.5D MHD equations are solved. Results show that the magnetic reconnection process is a possibleformation mechanism when an MC interacts with a surrounding current sheet. A number of interesting features arefound. For instance, the front boundary of the MCs is a magnetic reconnection boundary that could be caused by adriven reconnection ahead of the cloud, and the tail boundary might be caused by the driving of the entrained flowas a result of the Bernoulli principle. Analysis of the magnetic field and plasma data demonstrates that at these twoboundaries appear large value of the plasma parameterβ, clear increase of plasma temperature and density, distinctdecrease of magnetic magnitude, and a transition of magnetic field direction of about 180 degrees. The outcome of thepresent simulation agrees qualitatively with the observational results on MC boundary inferred from IMP-8, etc.     

磁约束磁控溅射源的磁场设计

磁控溅射镀膜机中的磁场分布对靶材利用率有着重要影响。为了提高磁控溅射源的靶材利用率,设计组抛弃了传统的"跑道环"形式的磁场设计理念,而是将永磁体或电磁体分置溅射靶的两侧,使其在溅射靶表面上方产生磁约束(磁镜)磁场。本设计使用有限元分析方法对磁场进行仿真计算,通过模拟磁场计算结果和实测结果的比较,验证有限元方法的可靠性。Ansys有限元分析软件对磁场分布进行仿真模拟,大大简化了计算并缩短了设计周期。通过实验验证,磁约束磁场大大提高了靶材的利用率。     

基于PCAU-Net的快速多通道磁共振成像方法

多通道磁共振成像方法采用多个接收线圈同时欠采样k空间以加快成像速度,并基于后处理算法重建图像,但在较高加速因子时,其图像重建质量仍然较差．本文提出了一种基于PCAU-Net的快速多通道磁共振成像方法,将单通道实数U型卷积神经网络拓展到多通道复数卷积神经网络,设计了一种结构不对称的U型网络结构,通过在解码部分减小网络规模以降低模型的复杂度．PCAU-Net网络在跳跃连接前增加了1×1卷积,以实现跨通道信息交互．输入和输出之间利用残差连接为误差的反向传播提供捷径．实验结果表明,使用规则和随机采样模板,在不同加速因子时,相比常规的GRAPPA重建算法和SPIRiT重建方法,本文提出的PCAU-Net方法可高质量重建出磁共振复数图像,并且相比于PCU-Net方法,PCAU-Net减少了模型参数、缩短了训练时间．     

磁场下半导体GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs异质结中的杂质态

对异质结势采用三角势近似,考虑屏蔽效应,用变分法讨论磁场下半导体异质结系统中的施主杂质态,数值计算了GaAs/AlxGa_1-xAs单异质结系统中杂质态结合能随磁场的变化关系。结果表明,由于外界磁场使界面附近束缚于正施主杂质的单电子波函数的定域性增强,从而对杂质态的结合能有明显的影响,结合能随磁感应强度的增强而显著增大。还计算了杂质位置、电子面密度产生的导带弯曲以及屏蔽效应诸因素对结合能的影响。结果显示,结合能对电子面密度和杂质位置的变化十分敏感,屏蔽则使得有效库仑吸引作用减弱而导致结合能明显下降。     

Magnetic properties of a three layer superlattice with a crystal field

In this paper the magnetic properties of a three layer superlattice with the crystal field on the honeycomb and square lattice have been studied based on the effective-field theory with self-spin correlations and the differential operator technique. The effects of the crystal field and longitudinal magnetic field on the susceptibility are discussed in detail. A number of interesting phenomena, originating from the competition between the longitudinal magnetic field, crystal-field, and coordination number, have been found.     

Calculation of Magnetic Configuration and Resistance for Nanomagnets

Based on a classical Heisenberg lattice model with dipole interaction and the method of spin dynamic simulation,the magnetic configurations (MC),hysteresis loop (HL) and magnetic resistance (MR) of the nanomagnets with different geometries,such as circle,square and rectangle,are studied for different directions of applied field.In the case of perpendicular field to the plane,the magnetization and MR are reversible and have not hysteresis.When the field is applied in the plane,the HL is irreversible and is qualitatively well agreeable with the current experimental results.The MR loop is also irreversible and appears two peaks distributed at two sides around zero field.The peaks of magnetic resistance are relative to the vortex state of similar configuration.Large easy-axis anisotropy will suppress the MC anisotropy,and the large magnetoresistance effect disappears.     

尼古丁易感的脑结构特征的磁共振成像研究

本文旨在利用磁共振成像手段探究尼古丁易感个体的脑结构特征，即脑结构特性对尼古丁依赖程度的预测.选用成年雄性SD大鼠进行纵向研究，利用基于微型渗透压泵的间歇性给药方式对大鼠进行腹腔注射尼古丁14天，随后强制戒断14天.于第0、15、29天进行躯体戒断行为测试以量化其尼古丁依赖严重程度.对第1天的脑结构图像与戒断行为评分进行回归分析，结果发现尼古丁依赖严重程度与双侧前边缘皮层、左侧颗粒状岛叶皮层灰质体积和双侧丘脑白质体积呈负相关，与右侧海马CA1脑区和左侧丘脑灰质体积呈正相关.以上脑区的结构特征，能够作为尼古丁易感的生物标志物，在个体接触尼古丁之前预测其尼古丁依赖风险，对易感人群进行有针对性的早期干预.     

Solenoid Configurations and Gravitational Free Energy of the AdS–Melvin Spacetime

In this paper we explore a solenoid configuration involving a magnetic universe solution embedded in an empty Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. This requires a non-trivial surface current at the interface between the two spacetimes, which can be provided by a charged scalar field. When the interface is taken to the AdS boundary, we recover the full AdS–Melvin spacetime. The stability of the AdS–Melvin solution is also studied by computing the gravitational free energy from the Euclidean action.     

Boundary normal pressure-based electrical conductivity reconstruction for magneto–acoustic tomography with magnetic induction

As a kind of multi-physics imaging approach integrating the advantages of electrical impedance tomography and ultrasound imaging with the improved spatial resolution and image contrast, magneto–acoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI) is demonstrated to have the capability of electrical impedance contrast imaging for biological tissues with conductivity differences. By being detected with a strong directional transducer, abrupt pressure change is proved to be generated by the gradient of the induced Lorentz force along the force direction at conductivity boundary. A simplified boundary normal pressure(BNP)-based conductivity reconstruction algorithm is proposed and the formula for conductivity distribution inside the object with the clear physical meaning of pressure derivative, is derived. Numerical simulations of acoustic pressure and conductivity reconstruction are conducted based on a 2-layer eccentric cylindrical phantom model using Hilbert transform. The reconstructed two-dimensional conductivity images accord well with the model, thus successfully making up the deficiency of only imaging conductivity boundary in traditional MAT-MI. The proposed method is also demonstrated to have a spatial resolution of one wavelength. This study provides a new method of reconstructing accurate electrical conductivity and suggests the potential applications of MAT-MI in imaging biological tissues with conductivity difference.     

一种基于磁通和电磁能流的磁扩散问题求解格式

针对一维磁场扩散问题设计一种显式的有限体积离散格式。格式的第一个特征是不仅将磁场的扩散表达为单元边界上的磁通流, 同时将能量方程中的欧姆加热也表达为单元边界上的电磁能量流, 该特征能够更好地保证磁场能与内能的总量守恒。格式的第二个特征是将单元边界上的磁通量和电磁能通量进行截断, 在极端电阻率存在的磁扩散问题求解过程中, 该特征能够一定程度上放宽稳定性条件对显式格式时间步长的限制。     

磁性Salisbury屏的高频响应

研究了利用磁性薄膜构造Salisbury屏的可能性及其在微波频段的反射率频率特性.结果表明，利用铁磁性材料在铁磁共振频率附近磁化率具有χ″>χ′的特性，可以构造出对电磁波有良好吸收性能的磁性Salisbury屏.通过对铁磁材料高频磁谱物理机理的分析后指出，具有弛豫型共振磁谱的铁磁材料可以构造出薄膜型Salisbury屏，其厚度为微米甚至亚微米量级.反射率的频率特性与磁性材料的特征阻抗z-r有关，它取决于铁磁共振频率和静态磁化率.反射率的频率响应显示磁性薄膜Salisbury屏具有较宽的吸收带宽. 关键词： 磁性Salisbury屏 反射率 频带响应 磁性薄膜