Spontaneous decay of excited atomic states near a carbon nanotube

The spontaneous decay process of an excited atom placed inside or outside a carbon nanotube is analyzed. Calculations have been performed for various achiral nanotubes. The effect of the nanotube surface is shown to increase the atomic spontaneous decay rate by up to 6 orders of magnitude compared with that of the same atom in vacuum. This increase is associated with nonradiative decay via surface excitations in the nanotube.     

Spontaneous decay of an excited atom placed near a rectangular plate

Using the Born expansion of the Green tensor, we consider the spontaneous decay rate of an excited atom placed in the vicinity of a rectangular plate. We discuss the limitations of the commonly used simplifying assumption that the plate extends to infinity in the lateral directions and examine the effects of the atomic dipole moment orientation, atomic position, and plate boundary and thickness on the atomic decay rate. In particular, it is shown that due to the plate finite size, the spontaneous decay may be inhibited even when the atom is situated very close to the surface, and that in the boundary region, the spontaneous decay rate can be strongly modified.     

The van der Waals energy of an atom near a carbon nanotube

Using a unified macroscopic QED formalism, an integral equation for the van der Waals energy of a two-level atomic system near a carbon nanotube is derived. The equation is valid for both strong and weak atom-vacuum field coupling. By solving it numerically, the inapplicability of weak coupling-based van der Waals interaction models in the close vicinity of the nanotube surface is demonstrated. It is also shown that encapsulation of doped atoms into the nanotube is energetically more favorable than their outside adsorption by the nanotube surface.     

Classical coherence in decay rate of an atom near solid surfaces

Spontaneous decay rate of an atom near solid surfaces is studied. Novel phenomenon of classical coherence is revealed that the oscillation in one component of decay rate versus sizes of a nearby solid film shows collapse and revival. The effects of properties of the solids on the coherence are discussed.     

Transitions in an atom moving close to the surface of a carbon nanotube

The phenomena occurring during atom channeling in a carbon nanotube have been considered. The applicability of first-order perturbation theory has been analyzed.     

Suppression of coherent population trapping upon spontaneous decay of an excited state

The interaction of a model three-level Λ system with electromagnetic radiation is considered under the conditions where a coherence (an off-diagonal matrix element) between lower sublevels arises upon spontaneous decay of an excited state. The cases of bichromatic and incoherent broadband fields are analyzed. It is shown that the occurrence of coherence may significantly change the character of evolution of the system under study with time. These changes are most pronounced for broadband fields. Some features of this phenomenon are considered for multilevel atomic systems.     

单镜面附近激发态极化原子的自发辐射

利用格林函数和费米黄金定律,我们计算了单镜面附近的激发态极化原子的自发辐射率。结果表明：原子的自发辐射与原子的极化偶极距取向有关,并且随着原子与镜面间距的增大,辐射率呈现正弦形式的振荡。当偶极距取向与镜面方向平行时,自发辐射的正弦式振荡最为激烈。但是随着极化方向与镜面方向夹角的增大,自发辐射的振荡越来越弱。当偶极距取向与镜面垂直时,振荡几乎消失。利用光子的闭合轨道理论,我们可以发现激发态原子偶极距取向影响辐射光子数的多少,从而可以改变原子的自发辐射率。     

单镜面附近激发态极化原子的自发辐射简

利用格林函数和费米黄金定律,我们计算了单镜面附近的激发态极化原子的自发辐射率.结果表明:原子的自发辐射与原子的极化偶极距取向有关,并且随着原子与镜面间距的增大,辐射率呈现正弦形式的振荡.当偶极距取向与镜面方向平行时,自发辐射的正弦式振荡最为激烈.但是随着极化方向与镜面方向夹角的增大,自发辐射的振荡越来越弱.当偶极距取向与镜面垂直时,振荡几乎消失.利用光子的闭合轨道理论,我们可以发现激发态原子偶极距取向影响辐射光子数的多少,从而可以改变原子的自发辐射率.     

Photon antibunching in the photoluminescence spectra of a single carbon nanotube

We report the first observation of photon antibunching in the photoluminescence from single carbon nanotubes. The emergence of a fast luminescence decay component under strong optical excitation indicates that Auger processes are partially responsible for inhibiting two-photon generation. Additionally, the presence of exciton localization at low temperatures ensures that nanotubes emit photons predominantly one by one. The fact that multiphoton emission probability can be smaller than 5% suggests that carbon nanotubes could be used as a source of single photons for applications in quantum cryptography.     

Efficient two-dimensional atom localization via spontaneous emission in a single decay channel

We investigate the two-dimensional atom localization behaviors in a four-level atomic system via controlled spontaneous emission in a single decay channel. It is found that the detecting probability and precision of atom localization behaviors can be significantly improved via adjusting the system parameters. More importantly, the two-dimensional atom localization patterns reveal that the maximal probability of finding an atom within the sub-half-wavelength domain of the standing waves can reach unity when the corresponding conditions are satisfied. As a result, our scheme may be helpful in laser cooling or the atom nano-lithography via atom localization.     

嵌入锂原子的zigzag型单壁碳纳米管的电子传导特性

运用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论（DFT）的非平衡格林函数（NEGF）方法对Li原子嵌入后的zigzag型单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)的电子输运性质进行了研究.在构建和优化了Li原子嵌入的zigzag型单壁碳纳米管的电子输运模型后,研究了该系统的电子传输概率、能态密度、电子透射谱,还研究了电子能量和偏置电压设置与变化对其电子输运特性的影响.结果显示zigzag型单壁碳纳米管嵌入Li原子后,电子输运特性发生了较大变化,具有电子输运拓宽效应和量子台阶复苏效应. 关键词： Li原子 碳纳米管 电子输运 拓宽效应     

Casimir-Polder力对左手材料板附近的原子的动力学作用

本文研究了初始处于激发态的两能级原子在左手材料附近运动时Casimir-Polder力对原子动力学的影响. 左手材料有两个的作用: 一是在距离界面波长区域内提供了较强的Casimir-Polder共振力, 二是在这一范围原子的自发辐射受到抑制, 延长了作用时间. 这两种效应使得依靠原子自发辐射这一过程中的Casimir-Polder力能对原子的运动学产生影响, 并将一定初速度的原子排斥远离界面. 由于原子偶极矩的取向会影响Casimir-Polder力的性质, 因此对于某些初始条件(初速度和初始位置), 不同偶极矩取向的原子有不同的运动学结果, 会被吸引到界面或反射出去, 从而对具有不同偶极矩方向的原子进行筛选. 当然由于Casimir-Polder力很小, 能够反射的初速度也很小, 但是已经可以反抗极低温的热涨落, 我们的理论预估值约为15 μupK. 如果和其他约束手段同时作用, 便能对原子的动力学产生更为有利的控制.     

Scanning near field microscope with a carbon nanotube as a probe

The possibility of investigating a nanomaterial structure using a near field scanning microscope with a carbon nanotube, used as a microprobe, is demonstrated.     

Decay rate of an excited atom in a moving medium

The effect of a uniformly moving medium on the decay rate of an excited atom is calculated. When the local field effects are neglected, the free space decay rate is modified by a factor which is a complicated function of refractive index, permeability, and velocity of the medium. It is shown that the decay rate vanishes if the velocity of the medium exceeds the phase velocity of light in the stationary medium.     

Detection and quantized conductance of neutral atoms near a charged carbon nanotube

We describe a novel single atom detector that uses the high electric field surrounding a charged single-walled carbon nanotube to attract and subsequently field-ionize neutral atoms. A theoretical study of the field-ionization tunneling rates for atomic trajectories in the attractive potential near a nanowire shows that a broadly applicable, high spatial resolution, low-power, neutral-atom detector with nearly 100% efficiency is realizable with present-day technology. Calculations also show that the system can provide the first opportunity to study quantized conductance phenomena when detecting cold neutral atoms with mean velocities less than 15 m/s.     

The spontaneous emission of an excited atom embedded in photonic crystals with two atomic position-dependent bands

The spontaneous emission of an excited atom embedded in photonic crystals with two atomic position-dependent bands is investigated.The distribution of the density of states between two bands depends on the atomic position in a unit cell of the photonic crystal and is described with an atomic position-dependent parameter.The result shows that the emitted field and the time evolution of the upper-level population are affected by the atomic position and the gap width.The spontaneous emission spectrum in free space can be shifted and narrowed with the photonic reservoir and the gap width.     

硼原子掺杂对碳纳米管吸附Ne原子影响的第一性原理计算

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论（DFT）和局域密度近似（LDA）方法,优化计算得到碳纳米管（CNT）,硼原子取代碳原子及其吸附氖原子前后系统的几何结构,能量,电子能带和态密度。结果显示,碳纳米管的能带结构与石墨的层状几何结构相似,能量的变化只在kz=0和kz=0.5平面之间沿着c轴方向出现。B原子取代C原子使价带和导带分别分裂为两个和三个能带。对Ne原子的吸附使价带能量沿着c轴方向升高并导致Fermi面附近的态密度下降。Ne原子的吸附在谷位H最稳定,顶位A其次。C-C间σ键的弯曲使Ne原子吸附在桥位b1比桥位b2处更为稳定。Ne原子在管外的吸附均为放热过程,而管内则为吸热过程。结构分析表明Ne原子对C原子有排斥作用,对B原子却具有吸引作用。B原子取代C原子的位置略凸出于CNT的管壁之外,使Ne原子的吸附能增加。