Synthesis of the spiroacetal-containing anti-Helicobacter pylori agents CJ-12,954 and CJ-13,014

The first synthesis of the spiroacetal-containing anti-Helicobacter pylori agents ent-CJ-12,954 and ent-CJ-13,014 is reported based on the union of a heterocycle-activated spiroacetal-containing sulfone fragment with a phthalide-containing aldehyde fragment; comparison of the 1H and 13C NMR data, optical rotations and HPLC retention times of the synthetic compounds (3S,2"S,5"S,7"S)-(1a) and (3S,2"S,5"R,7"S)-(2a) and the (3R)-diastereomers (3R,2"S,5"S,7"S)-(1b) and (3R,2"S,5"R,7"S)- (2b) with the naturally occurring compounds established that the synthetic isomers (1a) and (2a) were in fact enantiomeric to the natural products CJ-12,954 and CJ-13,014.     

Formation of {Cu6[S2P(OC2H5)2]6} on Cu2S surfaces from aqueous solutions of the KS2P(OC2H5)2 collector: scanning electron microscopy and solid-state 31P cross-polarization/magic angle spinning and static 65Cu NMR studies

The interactions of synthetic chalcocite surfaces with diethyldithiophosphate, potassium salt, K[S2P(OC2H5)2], were studied by means of 31P cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To identify the species formed on the Cu2S surfaces, a polycrystalline {CuI6[S2P(OC2H5)2]6} cluster was synthesized and analyzed by SEM, powder X-ray diffraction techniques and solid-state 31P CP/MAS NMR and static 65Cu NMR spectroscopy. 31P chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) parameters, delta(cs) and eta(cs), were estimated and used for assigning the bridging type of diethyldithiophosphate ligands in the {CuI6[S2P(OC2H5)2]6} cluster. The latter data were compared to 31P CSA parameters estimated from the spinning sideband patterns in 31P NMR spectra of the collector-treated mineral surfaces: formation of polycrystalline {CuI6[S2P(OC2H5)2]6} on the Cu2S surfaces is suggested. The second-order quadrupolar line shape of 65Cu was simulated, and the NMR interaction parameters, CQ and etaQ, for the copper(I) diethyldithiophosphate cluster were obtained.     

Solid-state NMR and EXAFS spectroscopic characterization of polycrystalline copper(I) O,O'-dialkyldithiophosphate cluster compounds: Formation of copper(I) O,O'-diisobutyldithiophosphate compounds on the surface of synthetic chalcocite

A number of polycrystalline copper(I) O,O'-dialkyldithiophosphate cluster compounds with Cu4, Cu6, and Cu8 cores were synthesized and characterized by using extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The structural relationship of these compounds is discussed. The polycrystalline copper(I) O,O'-diisobutyldithiophosphate cluster compounds, [Cu8{S2P(OiBu)2}6(S)] and [Cu6{S2P(OiBu)2}6], were also characterized by using 31P CP/MAS NMR (CP = cross polarization, MAS = magic-angle spinning) and static 65Cu NMR spectroscopies (at different magnetic fields) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Comparative analyses of the 31P chemical-shift tensor, and the 65Cu chemical shift and quadrupolar-splitting parameters, estimated from the experimental NMR spectra of the polycrystalline copper(I) cluster compounds, are presented. The adsorption mechanism of the potassium O,O'-diisobutyldithiophosphate collector, K[S2P(OiBu)2], at the surface of synthetic chalcocite (Cu2S) was studied by means of solid-state 31P CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 31P NMR resonance lines from collector-treated chalcocite surfaces were assigned to a mixture of [Cu8{S2P(OiBu)2}6(S)] and [Cu6{S2P(OiBu)2}6] compounds.     

Total synthesis and absolute configuration of minalemine A, a guanidine peptide from the marine tunicate Didemnum rodriguesi

The total synthesis of the 3S,2S and 3R,2S diastereomers (1a and 1b) of minalemine A and the identification of the natural compound as the 3R,2S isomer is described. The key step in the synthesis is the preparation of the two enantiomers of the beta-amino diacid 3-(N-carboxymethyl)-aminodecanoic acid (Ncma), which were obtained by stereoselective alkylation with allyl bromide of two nonanoic acid imides bearing chiral oxazolidinones as chiral auxiliaries. Natural minalemine A shows identical 1H NMR and very similar 13C NMR spectra compared to the two synthetic diastereomers. Sufficient differences in their chromatographic behavior to allow conclusive identification were not found. However, the corresponding N-2-naphthoyl amides presented quite distinct circular dichroism spectra (CD), and these confirmed the 3R,2S configuration for the natural minalemines and the R configuration for the constituent beta-amino diacid, Ncma.     

On the structure of passifloricin A: asymmetric synthesis of the delta-lactones of (2Z,5S,7R,9S,11S)- and (2Z,5R,7R,9S,11S)tetrahydroxyhexacos-2-enoic acid

Stereoselective syntheses of the delta-lactone of (2Z,5S,7R,9S,11S)-tetrahydroxyhexacos-2-enoic acid, the structure reported for passifloricin A, and of its (5R)-epimer are described. The creation of all stereogenic centers relied upon Brown's asymmetric allylation methodology. The lactone ring was created via ring-closing metathesis. The NMR data of both synthetic products, however, were different from those of the natural product. The published structure of passifloricin A is thus erroneous and will require further synthetic work to be unambiguously assigned. [structure: see text]     

Conformational selection of the AGA*IA(M) heparin pentasaccharide when bound to the fibroblast growth factor receptor

The interaction of the synthetic pentasaccharide AGA*IA(M) (GlcNS,6S-GlcA-GlcNS,3S,6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS,6S-Me) with the extracellular Ig2 domain of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR2) has been studied by NMR and computational methods. Analysis of the heparin pentasaccharide in the free state and in the complex indicates the existence of a conformational selection process. Although an equilibrium exists between the (1)C(4) and (2)S(0) conformers (ratio 60:40) of the 2-O-sulfo-α-L-iduronate ring (IdoA2S) in the free state, FGFR2 selects only the unique twisted-boat (2)S(0) conformation of this IdoA2S residue. In addition, the protein residues involved in the binding with AGA*IA(M) have also been characterized. The NMR results obtained, from both the ligand and protein perspective, were employed to model the bound conformation of the pentasaccharide by a combined docking and molecular dynamic simulation approach.     

Spectral assignments for the aldose reductase inhibitor 4(S)-2,3-dihydro-6-fluoro-2(R)-methylspiro[chroman-4,4'-imidazoline]-2',5'-dione and its synthetic intermediates

The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of the aldose reductase inhibitor 4(S)-2,3-dihydro-6-fluoro-2(R)-methylspiro[chroman-4,4'-imidazoline]-2',5'-dione, methylsorbinil, and its seven synthetic intermediates, have been completely assigned on the basis of DEPT, COSY, g-HSQC and g-HMBC. All C--F coupling constants from one-bond to four-bond in the 13C NMR spectra and H--F and H--H coupling constants from three-bond to four-bond in 1H spectra were obtained.     

5-（S）-孟氧基-3，4-二卤-2（5H）-呋喃酮与4-硝基邻苯二胺的Michael加成-消除反应

在Ft抖作为碱的温和条件下,5-（S）-孟氧基-3,4-二卤-2（5H）-呋喃酮与芳香胺4-硝基邻苯二胺发生串联的Michael加成-消除反应,生成了新的含有苯环结构的5-孟氧基-4-氨基-3-卤-2（5H）-呋喃酮类化合物。新化合物的结构通过紫外-可见光谱（UV-Vis）、红外光谱（IR）、质谱（MS）、核磁共振氢谱（1HNMR）、核磁共振碳谱（13CNMR）和元素分析等表征证实。该多环结构卤代2（5H）-呋喃酮化合物的合成,能为某些多官能团的结构复杂的2（5H）-呋喃酮化合物的合成提供新途径。     

5-(S)-孟氧基-3,4-二卤-2(5H)-呋喃酮与4-硝基邻苯二胺的Michael加成―消除反应

在Et3N作为碱的温和条件下,5-(S)-孟氧基-3,4-二卤-2(5H)-呋喃酮与芳香胺4-硝基邻苯二胺发生串联的Michael加成―消除反应,生成了新的含有苯环结构的5-孟氧基-4-氨基-3-卤-2(5H)-呋喃酮类化合物。新化合物的结构通过紫外―可见光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(IR)、质谱(MS)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)和元素分析等表征证实。该多环结构卤代2(5H)-呋喃酮化合物的合成,能为某些多官能团的结构复杂的2(5H)-呋喃酮化合物的合成提供新途径。     

Design,Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Chalcone Derivatives as Anti-influenza Agents

A series of novel chalcone derivatives was designed and synthesized via a suitable synthetic strategy in good yields using commercially available 2-amino-4-nitrophenol as an initiator. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by means of ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS). And the ability of the target compounds to inhibit influenza viruses was evaluated. These compounds showed moderate inhibitory activity against influenza A(H9N2 and H5N1) viruses. Within this series, compounds S14 and S15 with good potency(IC₅₀=40.3-51.5μmol/L) could be used as lead compounds in the future.     

Insight into framework destruction in ultramarine pigments

We report key evidence on the framework destruction in ultramarine pigments upon color fading. Experiments on faded pigments in a fresco painting environment reveal that the paramagnetic chromophores are set free via sodalite framework destruction and are subsequently degraded. Fading in acidic media produces similar results, although a larger number of beta-cages appear to be destroyed, and H2S is released. The findings are further supported by studies on natural and synthetic ultramarine pigments of various shades via solid-state resonance-Raman spectroscopy, colorimentry, and solid-state 29Si and 27Al NMR spectroscopy. NMR parameters are shown to correlate well with the intensities of Raman signals corresponding to the S3(-*) chromophores. A further correlation is established between the colorimetric parameters, L* (lightness) and C* (chroma), and the paramagnetic shift and paramagnetic linebroadening in NMR spectra for both 27Al and 29Si.     

Total synthesis and stereochemistry of pinnatoxins B and C

[Structure: see text] Pinnatoxins B and C were synthesized from diols (34R)-3b and (34S)-3a, respectively, in a stereochemically controlled manner. Through extensive analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of synthetic PnTXs B and C, the diagnostic NMR signals were first identified to differentiate (34S)- and (34R)-diastereomers and then used to establish the C34 configuration of natural PnTXs B and C as 34S and 34R, respectively.     

A 31P CP/MAS NMR study of PbS surface O,O'-dialkyldithiophosphate lead(II) complexes

31P CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy was used to study the adsorption of six different O,O'-dialkyldithiophosphate ions on the surface of synthetic galena (PbS). The 31P CP/MAS NMR spectra of the surface lead(II) dithiophosphates were compared with the 31P CP/MAS NMR spectra of polycrystalline lead(II) dithiophosphate complexes of the same ligands. Surface complexation of the dialkyldithiophosphate ions was established on the surface of PbS. A terminal S,S(')-chelating coordination is suggested for the surface complexes. The bulkier alkyl groups lead to surface precipitation in addition to the surface adsorption. Derivatives of monothiophosphoric and phosphoric acids were displayed as hydrolysis products of dialkyldithiophosphates on the synthetic PbS, the amount of which depends on the type of alkyl group.     

含嘌呤、嘧啶类有机碱基的丁内酯的合成

利用天然手性助剂(-)-冰片所制得的手性源5-[(1s)-(-)-冰片氧基-2(5H)-呋喃酮差向异构体3a+3b与具有生理活性的嘌呤、嘧啶类有机碱基进行不对称Michael加成反应,得到了嘌呤、嘧啶类丁内酯非对映体混合物5a～5e及-5'a～5'e。报道了它们的合成方法以及IR、UV、^1HNMR、^1^3CNMR、MS、元素分析等结构分析数据。其中5d+5'd通过优势结晶拆分法得到单一的光学活性化合物。     

(S)-2-[(R)-fluoro(phenyl)methyl]oxirane: a general reagent for determining the ee of alpha-chiral amines

(S)-2-[(R)-Fluoro(phenyl)methyl]oxirane is a new, synthetic, yet enantiopure, chiral resolution reagent, readily obtained from enantiopure (2S,3S)-phenylglycidol, that reacts with a variety of alpha-chiral primary and secondary amines in a straightforward manner through a regioselective ring-opening. Diastereomeric products are easily identified and quantified by (19)F, (1)H, and (13)C NMR and by HPLC, which makes this fluorinated compound a most versatile reagent for the analysis of scalemic mixtures of amines. [reaction: see text]     

(S)-(+)-姜黄烯的立体选择性全合成

利用不对称双羟化反应和Raney镍的原位还原,高对映选择性和高产率地实现了(S)-(+)-α-姜黄烯(1)的立体选择性合成.用MsCl保护化合物7a和7b时,发现了有趣的消除和重排反应,得到对应的二烯化合物8.     

Structure and total synthesis of (-)-myrionidine and (-)-schoberine, antimalarial alkaloids from Myrioneuron nutans

Two new alkaloids, (5S,9S,10R)-myrionidine (1) and (5S,9S,10R,13S)-myrionamide (2), along with the known schoberine (3), were isolated from the leaves of Myrioneuron nutans (Rubiaceae), and their structures were determined from spectral analysis, including mass spectrometry and 2D NMR. The total asymmetric syntheses of (-)-myrionidine (1), (-)-schoberine (3), their enantiomers as well as their 9-epimers derivatives were performed, allowing the determination of their absolute configuration together with that of myrionamide (2). (-)-Myrionidine (1) and its synthetic enantiomer (18) showed a significant antimalarial activity on Plasmodium falciparum.     

Total synthesis and structural elucidation of ent-micropyrone and (+)-ascosalipyrone

The total synthesis of 6-[(1S,3S)-1,3-dimethyl-2-oxopentyl]-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one (22), the enantiomer of the natural product micropyrone (1), was achieved in 9 linear steps (10% overall yield), from Evans auxiliary (R)-12 with key coupling of the dianion of dione 17 and aldehyde 11. Formation of the pyrone ring and subsequent oxidation at C7 was achieved without epimerization of the sensitive position α to both the pyrone ring and the carbonyl. The same sequence using the alternate dione 24 achieved the total synthesis of 6-[(1S,3S)-1,3-dimethyl-2-oxopentyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (28), the (+)-enantiomer of the natural product, ascosalipyrone (2). In both cases diastereomeric aldehydes 11 and 16 were taken through the synthetic sequence to give two possible diastereomers of the natural products. Comparison of the (1)H and (13)C NMR data for the synthetic isomers with that reported for the natural products determined their relative stereochemistry. Comparison of the optical rotation obtained for 22 established it to be the enantiomer of micropyrone.     

Total synthesis of nor-1,6-germacradien-5-ols

The first total synthesis of (+/-)-nor-1,6-germacradien-5-ols is described. The synthetic route involves the RCM methodology for the ring formation and a selective 1,2 addition of MeLi to cyclodecenone. By altering the order of the last synthetic steps, TBSO-protected (+/-)-(1Z,6E)-nor-1,6-germacradien-5-ols (+/-)-(5S*,8R*)-16 and -(+/-)-(5S*,8S*)-16 were obtained. The synthetic strategy via cyclodecenone offers the possibility of preparing different analogues of the title compounds through addition of other nucleophiles. Moreover, nor-germacrene D could be accessed from the target molecule by methylenation of its carbonyl moiety. (+/-)-nor-1,6-Germacradien-5-ol [(+/-)-(1E,5S*,6E,8S*)-2] was synthesized in eight steps from isovaleric acid. The 10-membered ring was formed by RCM, and the tertiary alcohol moiety was introduced in the last step via a highly diastereoselective addition of MeLi to (+/-)-(1E,6E)-1,6-cyclodecen-5-one (+/-)-E,E-5. Addition of MeLi to cyclodecenone (+/-)-Z,E-5 also occurred with complete selectivity to provide (+/-)-(1Z,5S*,6E,8S*)-2. A slightly different synthetic pathway was also explored, in which the order of the final synthetic steps was switched: the enone formation and the addition of MeLi were conducted prior to the cyclization. When the hydroxy group was protected as a TBS ether, the newly formed olefin had exclusively Z configuration. Thus, TBSO-protected (+/-)-(1Z,6E)-nor-1,6-germacradien-5-ols (+/-)-16 were obtained as a 1:1 (5S*,8S*)/(5R*,8S*) mixture. The NMR spectra of these two diastereomers confirmed the relative stereochemistry of natural (-)-1,6-germacradien-5-ol (1) at C5 and C8.     

Solid-phase synthesis of callipeltin D. Stereochemical confirmation of the unnatural amino acid AGDHE

[structure: see text] The lipopeptide callipeltin D (1) was synthesized using an Fmoc-based solid-phase strategy in seven steps and 35% overall yield. The 1H NMR of synthetic 1 correlated closely with that of the natural product, confirming the configurational assignment of the novel amino acid constituent (2R,3R,4S)-4-amino-7-guanidino-2,3-dihydroxyheptanoic acid.