铒激活重掺杂银硼酸盐玻璃光谱性质

制备了铒激活的重掺杂银硼酸盐玻璃样品,测量了该样品的吸收光谱、X射线衍射谱。研究结果表明样品中没有金属银簇或金属银纳米粒子存在。应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了该玻璃中的Er³⁺离子的J-O 参数,计算了辐射跃迁几率、辐射跃迁寿命及⁴I_13/2能级的量子效率。发现银引入到硼酸盐玻璃后,降低了基质的声子能量,提高了基质的折射率,增加了Er³⁺的⁴I_13/2量子效率和发射截面积,从而增强了1.5 μm光发射。同时该玻璃样品1.5 μm光发射有较宽的半峰全宽,约为80 nm,但量子效率仍然较低。     

Spectroscopic characteristics of LiGaSiO4:Cr nano-glass-ceramics and glassy precursors

We have performed a complex of spectroscopic investigations (extinction, luminescence, and luminescence excitation spectra and luminescence decay kinetics) of LiGaSiO₄:Cr nano-glass-ceramics and Cr-Li-Ga-Si-O glassy precursors. It has been shown that 94–96% of chromium in precursors synthesized in air are in the trivalent form, while remaining chromium is in the form of Cr⁶⁺ and Cr⁴⁺. The luminescence of the latter form in precursors at 300 K is strongly quenched. In precursors synthesized in an inert atmosphere, only trivalent chromium occurs. We have calculated the absorption cross sections of Cr³⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ ions in Cr-Li-Ga-Si-O glassy precursors. It has been shown that, in the case of synthesis of these precursors, a considerable amount of chromium is lost as a result of evaporation and fails to enter the specimens. Upon partial controlled crystallization of the precursors (formation of LiGaSiO₄:Cr nano-glass-ceramics), the oxidation state of chromium that passed to crystallites from the glass phase becomes tetravalent. In this case, two types of luminescence centers arise, which correspond to Cr⁴⁺ ions localized in two different polymorphic modifications of LiGaSiO₄. Spectral characteristics of these two centers (bandshape, peak position, and spectral range) are almost identical, whereas luminescence lifetimes are radically different.     

Optical characterization, 1.5 μm emission and IR-to-visible energy upconversion in Er-doped fluorotellurite glasses

The optical properties of Er³⁺ ions in a novel glass based on TeO₂-PbF₂-AlF₃ oxyfluoride tellurites have been investigated using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies as a function of the rare-earth doping concentration. Basic optical characterizations have been performed measuring and calculating the absorption and emission spectra and the cross-sections, the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, the radiative probabilities and the fluorescence decays and lifetimes. Special attention has been devoted to the broad ⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2 emission transition at around 1.53 μm since, with a wide broadening of around 70 nm and a relative long lifetime of around 3 ms compared to others glass hosts, it shows potential applications in the design of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. The absorption, the stimulated emission and the gain cross-sections of this transition have been obtained and compared with that obtained in different hosts. Finally, infrared-to-visible upconversion processes exciting at around 800 nm have been analyzed and different mechanisms involved in the energy conversion have been proposed.     

铒掺杂硼酸盐玻璃中的激发态阱

铒掺杂硼酸盐玻璃广泛应用于发光材料中,研究其发光动力学性质对于优化和提高其发光效率具有重要意义. 本文采用传统的熔融淬火法合成了摩尔比为2%的掺铒硼酸盐玻璃,并在低于硼酸盐玻璃转变温度(260 °C)下退火,退火处理后的掺铒硼酸盐玻璃光学性质得到了一定程度的提高. 硼酸盐玻璃未掺杂和掺杂Er³⁺的热性能采用差示扫描量热法以10 °C/min的速度进行测量. 同时还测量了掺铒硼酸盐玻璃发光机理的吸收光谱、激发光谱、稳态发射光谱、瞬态发射光谱和衰减动力学曲线. 实验结果表明Er³⁺在不同激发波长下556 nm处发射时具有不同的寿命,在掺铒硼酸盐玻璃中可能存在激发态阱,利用实验数据得到了激发态阱的深度为0.14 eV.     

A study of the effect of lithium oxide on the spectral properties of potassium-aluminoborate glass activated by chromium ions

The results of designing and studying of potassium-aluminoborate glass activated by chromium and lithium ions are discussed. Changes in the absorption and luminescence spectra of glass after the isothermal treatment are demonstrated. X-ray diffraction data showed the presence of Li(Al₇B₄O₁₇) and Cr₂O₃ nanocrystals with an average size of 20 and 15 nm, respectively. Analysis of the luminescence spectra showed that the Cr³⁺ ions are in a crystalline environment. The luminescence quantum yield was 20–50%, which indicates the prospects for using such materials as a basis for fiber amplifiers in information transmission systems and laser biomedical technologies.     

掺钕BGO单晶的光谱研究

本文详细分析研究了掺钕BGO单晶的光谱特性.测量了Nd(3+)离子在BGO单晶中的吸收谱、荧光谱(4F3/2→4I9/2、11/2、13/2)及荧光寿命,并研究了荧光谱的温度效应.计算了跃迁几率、发射截面、分支比和Ω2、4、6等光谱参数,和YAG:Nd3+作了比较.     

ZnSe/SiO2半导体量子点玻璃的光谱特性

对采用溶胶凝胶法制备的ZnSe/SiO2半导体量子点玻璃的光谱性质进行了测试分析.UV-Vis透射光谱中观察到光吸收边相对于体相半导体有明显蓝移.稳态发射光谱(PL)中观察到ZnSe纳米晶体的位于蓝区的基本呈高斯分布的弱的最低激子发射峰、强而宽的表面态发光带以及对应杂质能级的三个锐峰发光.时间分辨荧光光谱(TRPL)中观察到发光效率高的最低激子发射峰,并测量其荧光衰减寿命,经尾部拟合为28.5 ps.同时,结合有效质量近似(EMA)模型,估计ZnSe纳米晶体的平均粒径介于2.45~3.60 nm之间,尺寸分布基本呈高斯型.     

Broadband 1.5-μm emission of high erbium-doped Bi2O3–B2O3–Ga2O3 glasses

High Erbium-doped glass showing the wider 1.5-μm emission band is reported in the Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃–Ga₂O₃ system and its thermal stability and optical properties such as absorption, emission spectra, absorption and stimulated emission cross-sections and fluorescence lifetime are investigated. Compared with other glass hosts, the gain bandwidth properties of high Er³⁺ content in BBG glass are better than those of tellurite, germanate, silicate and phosphate glasses. The broad and flat ⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2 emission and the larger stimulated emission cross-section of Er³⁺ ions around 1.5 μm enable it to be used as a host material for potential broadband optical amplifiers at C and L bands in the microchip configuration.     

Spectral broadening and luminescence quenching of 1.53 μm emission in Er-doped zinc tellurite glass

The emission spectra and the lifetime of the lasing transition ⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2 in Er³⁺-doped TeO₂-ZnO binary glass have been studied. The investigation includes Raman scattering spectroscopy as well as optical absorption, luminescence, and lifetime measurements techniques. The influence of erbium concentration on the line-shape of this electron transition has been analyzed. It was observed that the increasing of Er³⁺ ion concentration, in the 0.2-4 mol% range, results in a structural changes and a significant spectral broadening of the 1.53 μm emission band. Reabsorption has been evoked to explain the broadening of the ⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2 emission line. In the paper, is also reported the effect of the erbium content on the emission intensity of the ⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2 transition as well as on the lifetime of the ⁴I_13/2 level. Based on the electrical-dipole interaction theory, the luminescence concentration quenching mechanism by hydroxyl groups is analyzed. The data suggest that <10% of hydroxyl groups are coupled to erbium ions in the zinc tellurite glass network.     

THE NONLINEAR SCHR?DINGER EQUATION AND THE CROSS-PHASE MODULATION IN ERBIUM-DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS

The nonlinear Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger equation(NLSE) in erbium-doped fiber(EDF) was obtained. The cross-phase modulation (XPM) in the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) was studied based on this NLSE and the rate equations. A more generalized form of the propagation equation in EDFA was obtained which included the phase shifts the EDFA induced. An analytical expression was given to the XPM in the EDFA. It was found that the XPM in the EDFA dose not change very much with the wavelength except at the neighboring wavelengths (around 1531 nm) where the absorption and emission cross-sections of the erbium ions reach their maxima, and the XPMs have opposite signs on the two sides around 1531 nm. Furthermore, it was found that the XPM increases with the increase of the length of EDF.     

Er3+/Yb3+共掺锗碲酸盐玻璃的光谱性质及Judd-Ofelt理论分析

用高温熔融法制备了一种Er³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺的70TeO₂-5Li₂O-10B₂O₃-15GeO₂玻璃,测试和分析了其热稳定性、吸收光谱、荧光光谱以及红外吸收谱。应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了玻璃中Er³⁺的强度参数、自发辐射跃迁几率、辐射寿命以及荧光分支比,同时比较了OH^-的存在对玻璃发光特性的影响。结果表明:这种玻璃具有较好的热稳定性,较宽的荧光半峰全宽和较大的受激发射截面,是一种较为合适的宽带光纤放大器的基质材料,OH^-的存在使得Er³⁺离子的荧光强度降低,荧光寿命减小。     

Nd3+掺杂B2O3-Nb2O5-BaO-La2O3玻璃光谱性质的研究

 用高温熔融法制备了Nd³⁺(物质的量分数2％）掺杂40B₂O₃-(15-χ)Nb₂O₅-45BaO-χLa₂O₃玻璃，测量了样品的吸收光谱、发射光谱和差热分析（DTA）曲线。根据Nd3+光学跃起矩阵的特点，应用Judd-Ofelt理论，从吸收光谱获得了Nd³⁺光学跃起的强度参数。并计算了Nd³⁺离子的自发辐射跃迁几率、总自发辐射几率、荧光分支比、辐射能级寿命和受激发射截面。结果表明：该体系玻璃中，随着Nb₂O₅ 含量的增加和La₂O₃₂增大，说明材料的对称性降低；而Ω₆减小，说明Nd-O键的共价性和键强增强；受激发射截面减小。DTA实验表明，随着Nb₂O₅含量的增加，材料的热稳定性提高。     

Modeling erbium–thulium-co-doped fiber amplifier for 1400–1650 nm band

We present numerical models of tri-valence erbium ion and thulium ion-co-doped fiber amplifiers pumped by 800-nm and 980-nm lasers. The rate and power propagation equations of the models are numerically solved to analyze the gain as a function of co-doping concentrations, fiber length and signal wavelength. The results reveal that with 800-nm or 980-nm pump, gain competition exists between 1470- and 1530-nm bands, which may arise from the pump absorption competition and complicated energy transfer between the two types of active ions, and the results further show that the gain spectra may cover 305 nm (1375–1680 nm) for 800-nm pump and 160 nm (1400–1560 nm) for 980-nm pump. The doping concentrations and fiber length may be tuned to reduce the ripple of the gain spectra.     

氟化物对Er3+/Yb3+共掺的碲酸盐玻璃上转换和红外发光性能的影响

Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ 共掺的碲酸盐玻璃由于其良好的上转换发光性能而得到广泛的研究。本文将氟化物引入碲酸盐玻璃中,通过熔融法制备了量比为70TeO₂-（30-x）ZnO-xZnF₂-0.15Er₂O₃-1.5Yb₂O₃（x=0,5,10,15,20）的碲酸盐氧氟玻璃样品,并测试其热稳定性、拉曼光谱以及受激发射光谱。实验结果表明,随着氟化物含量的提高,Er³⁺离子的410,555,670 nm上转换发光和2~3 μm波段中红外发光得到增强,并且红光提高强度比绿光和蓝光更明显。在分析了氟离子引入后对上转换与近中红外波段发光的内在影响机制发现：碲酸盐玻璃系统中的氟化物一方面促进能量传递过程中Er³⁺离子的双光子吸收,促进粒子跃迁至相应的高能级;另一方面,引入氟化物后的碲酸盐玻璃的最大能量声子态密度下降也是降低无辐射跃迁概率、提高上转换和中红外发射强度的重要原因。     

A theoretical analysis of the effects of erbium ion pair on the dynamics of an optical gain stabilized fiber amplifier

In this paper, the effects of ion-pair formation on the gain dynamics of multi cavity optical automatic gain control erbium doped fiber amplifier is modelled. The inhomogeneous Cabezas simple model is used to write the rate and propagation equations for the active medium. The solution of the governing equations shows that in high concentration of the erbium ions, depending on the pumping rate, the relaxation oscillations are converted to nT-Periodic or even to chaotic behavior. Although the high concentration erbium ion in the optical amplifiers decreases the conversion efficiency and increases the threshold pump power, amplitude of the transient effects is reduced in the multi feedback-loop WDM amplifiers relative to the low concentration erbium ions multi feedback-loop optical amplifiers and ion-pairs, which act as a saturable absorber to compensate the gain tilt caused by the OAGC laser spectral hole burning. The theoretical results are in complete agreement with the previous published experimental results.     

Nd3+离子掺杂氧化物玻璃的光谱性质

高温熔融法制备了69.5B2O3-20Li2O-(10-χ)CaO-χPbO-0.5Nd2O3(χ=1,3,5,7,mol%)和68.5Li2O-(29-φ)CaO-φAl2O3-2La2O3-0.5Nd2O3(φ=3,7,10,15,mol%)玻璃,测量了玻璃样品的吸收和发射光谱(800nm激光二极管激发),从吸收光谱出发,应用Judd-Ofelt理论获得了Nd3+光学跃起的强度参数。根据强度参数和发射光谱,计算了Nd3+离子4F3/2→4I11/2跃迁的荧光发射截面σe。结果显示,在B2O3-Li2O-CaO-PbO-Nd2O3系统中随着CaO的减少和PbO的增加,Nd3+离子的强度参数Ω2增大,表明样品的对称性降低;强度参数Ω6也增大,说明玻璃样品中Nd-O键的共价性和键强降低;同时,Nd3+离子4F3/2→4I11/2跃迁的荧光发射截面σe的大小和荧光强度都减小。在Li2O-CaO-Al2O3-La2O3-Nd2O3系统中,随着CaO的减少和Al2O3的增加,Nd3+离子的强度参数Ω2减小,说明样品的对称性增加;强度参数Ω6减小,说明玻璃样品中Nd-O键的共价性和键强增强;同时,Nd3+离子4F3/2→4I11/2跃迁的荧光发射截面的大小和荧光强度也都减小。     

Spectral luminescence properties of transparent lead fluoride nanoglassceramics doped with erbium ions

Transparent nanoglassceramics has been synthesized based on lead fluoride silicate glass doped with erbium ions. It is shown that heat treatment of lead fluoride silicate glass leads to the formation of nanoscale (16–40 nm) crystalline phase of lead fluoride. X-ray diffraction analysis and measurement of spectral luminescence properties have revealed that the erbium ions enter the crystalline phase of lead fluoride.     

铋化物发光玻璃中银表面等离激元对铒离子的发光增强作用

局域表面等离激元可以由自由空间的光直接激发,这也是局域表面等离激元的优点所在。研究铋化物发光玻璃中纳米银颗粒的表面等离激元对铒离子发光的增强效应、进一步的提高铋化物发光玻璃中铒离子的发光性能很有意义。首先,测量了(A)Er 3+(0.5%)Ag(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃与(B)Er 3+(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃样品的吸收谱,发现(A)Er 3+(0.5%)Ag(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃在约600.0 nm处有一个较弱的宽的银表面等离激元共振吸收峰。同时发现两者都有典型的铒离子的吸收峰,它们的吸收几乎完全一样:在波峰形状、峰值强度和峰值波长等方面都很相近。测量了(A)Er 3+(0.5%)Ag(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃和(B)Er 3+(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃样品的激发谱,发现有位于379.0,406.0,451.0,488.0和520.5 nm的5个550.0 nm可见光的可见激发谱峰,和位于379.0,406.5,451.0,488.5,520.5,544.0,651.5和798.0 nm的8个1531.0 nm红外光的红外激发谱峰,容易指认出依次为Er 3+的4I 15/2→4G 11/2,4I 15/2→2H 9/2,4I 15/2→(4F 3/2,4F 5/2),4I 15/2→4F 7/2,4I 15/2→2H 11/2,4I 15/2→4S 3/2,4I 15/2→4F 9/2和4I 15/2→4I 9/2跃迁的吸收峰,通过测量发现(A)Er 3+(0.5%)Ag(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃相对于(B)Er 3+(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃样品的可见和红外激发谱的最大增强依次分别是238%和133%。最后,测量了它们的发光谱,发现有位于534.0,547.5和658.5 nm的三组可见发光峰,容易指认出依次为Er 3+的2H 11/2→4I 15/2,4S 3/2→4I 15/2,4F 9/2→4I 15/2荧光跃迁。还发现红外发光峰位于978.0和1531.0 nm,依次为Er 3+的4I 11/2→4I 15/2和4I 13/2→4I 15/2的荧光跃迁。通过测量发现(A)Er 3+(0.5%)Ag(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃相对于(B)Er 3+(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃样品的可见和红外发光谱的最大增强依次分别是215%和138%。对于银表面等离激元增强铒离子发光的机理,认为主要为纳米银颗粒的局域表面等离激元共振,造成金属纳米结构附近产生的局域电场的强度要远大于入射光的电场强度,从而导致了金属纳米结构对入射光产生强烈的吸收和散射,进而导致了荧光的增强;即局域表面等离子体共振局域场的场增强效应。     

宽带光放大器用掺Er3+碲钨酸盐玻璃

制备了掺Er^3 的TeO2-WO3-ZnO-ZnF2(TWZOF)玻璃,测量了Er^3 在玻璃中的吸收光谱和970nm激光二极管激发下的荧光光谱和荧光寿命,分别采用J-O理论和McCumber理论计算了Er^3 离子的J-O强度参量Ωt(t=2,4,6)和其1．5μm发射的吸收截面和发射截面,研究了其荧光强度、荧光寿命和发射带宽与ZnF2含量的关系。结果表明,Er^3 在TWZOF玻璃中具有较大的1．5μm发射截面,其峰值发射截面为0．86pm^2;同时,Er^3 在TWZOF玻璃中具有很大的1．5μm发射带宽,所得半峰全宽在68～83nm之间;Er^3 在TWZOF玻璃中还具有较小的Ω2值和较大的Ω6值,且随ZnF2含量的增加,Ω2和Ω4均增大;Er^3 离子1．5μm发射峰值荧光强度和荧光寿命总体也随ZnF2含量的增加而增加。     

Study of the optical characteristics of TZLB glass activated by Er3+ and Yb3+ ions

The transmission spectra of glass based on tellurium oxide (TeO₂), of the TeO₂-ZnO-Li₂OBi₂O₃ composition (TZLB), which is highly stable to crystallization, have been measured. The concentration dependences of the luminescence (1.53 μm) intensity and kinetics of erbium ions under 975-nm excitation have been investigated. Based on the experimental results, a fundamental possibility of using TZLB glasses activated by Er³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions for active elements of fiber and integrated optics is shown.