H点标准加入光度法同时测定葡萄糖和木糖

１引言葡萄糖和木糖是自然界中最常见的两种单糖，其结构和化学性质极为相似，用普通方法很难将其分离和分别测定。本文利用硫酸－苯酚与糖的显色反应，采用Ｈ点标准加入法对葡萄糖和木糖不经分离进行同时测定。本法简便、快速、结果准确，已应用于食用纤维的分析。２方法原理在二元混合物（组分为ｘ和ｙ，浓度为ＣｘＣｙ）体系中，将不同量已知浓度的ｘ分别准确加入到一系列混合体系中，然后分别在λ１和λ２处测量其分析信号Ａ１和Ａ２。其表达式为：Ａ１＝ｋｘ１Ｃｘ＋Ｋｙ１Ｃｙ＋Ｋｘ１Ｃｉｘ（１）Ａ２＝ｋｘ２Ｃｘ＋Ｋｙ２Ｃｙ＋ｋｘ…     

Li—Ni—La—O系复合氧化物催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联的研究

考察了Ｌｉ－Ｎｉ－Ｌａ－Ｏ系催化剂的组成、结构及反应条件对甲烷氧化偶联反应活性的影响。在７８０℃、ＣＨ４：Ｏ２：Ｎ２＝２：１：７、空速１５０００ｈ＾－１时，Ｃ２烃收率可达２５．８％。ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＸＰＳ及ＳＥＭ等的结构分析表明，在ＬｉＬａ１－ｘＮｉｘＯ２催化剂中，当０．１≤ｘ≤０．９时，该催化剂由ＬｉＮｉＯ２和Ｌａ２Ｎｉ１－ｙＬｉｙＯ４－λ两相组成，ｘ＜０．３时出现了ＬｉＬａＯ２相，Ｌａ２Ｎｉ１－     

甲烷与二氧化碳在Na_2WO_4-Mn/SiO_2催化剂上反应制C_2烃及其反应机理的研究

考察了Ｎａ２ＷＯ４－Ｍｎ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂上甲烷与二氧化碳反应制Ｃ２烃及其反应机理，８２０℃时，Ｃ２烃选择性可达９４．５％．随着温度的继续升高，虽然甲烷的转化增加，但Ｃ２烃选择性逐渐降低．Ｏ２－ＴＰＤ、ＣＨ４及脉冲实验表明，８００℃脱附的表面晶格氧为活性氧物种，在催化甲烷活化的同时，ＣＯ２可在该催化剂上活化分解为活性氧物种（ＣＯ２→ＣＯ＋Ｏ＊）．     

La—Cu—Mn系钙钛矿型（ABO3）催化剂性能

采用共沉淀法制得了Ｃｕ２＋部分取代Ｌａ３＋的Ｌａ１－ｘＣｕｘＭｎＯ３钙钛矿型催化剂，通过ＸＲＤ、ＴＰＲ、电镜分析及活性评价，研究了Ｃｕ２＋的部分取代对Ｌａ１－ｘＣｕｘＭｎＯ３系催化剂性能的影响．结果表明，Ｃｕ２＋部分取代Ｌａ３＋后，使催化剂易被还原，活化能降低，对ＣＨ４、ＣＯ氧化反应，均有最佳取代量使催化剂的活性最佳，其值分别为０．２和０．４，这是由于随ｘ值的增大，催化剂晶格缺陷增多，晶格氧的化学势增大的缘故     

羰基硫对FT合成气液相产物的影响

在５２４Ｋ，２．３１ＭＰａ，１８４５ｈ＾－１，Ｈ２／ＣＯ＝２．１的条件下考察了合成气中ＣＯＳ对下合成催化剂活性及产物分布的影响，结果表明，随着催化剂中硫含量的增加，尾气中ＣＯ２，ＣＨ４，含量减少，ＣＯ含量增加，催化剂中毒后，甲烷选择明显提高，Ｃ５重量百分含量降低，气态Ｃ２～Ｃ４烃增加了产物向低碳烃方向移动。油相和水相的产物分析结果表明，催化剂中毒后，气物中含氧化合物增加，液态烃中烯烃减少，正构烷烃     

特丁醇和水混合溶剂多组分电解质热力学HC1—NaCl—tert._C4H9OH—H2…

本在恒定特丁醇质量分数ｘ＝０．１０的条件下，应用电动势测定了无液接界电池（Ａ）和电池（Ｂ）的电动势：Ｐｔ，Ｈ２（１．０１３×１０＾５Ｐａ）｜ＨＣ（ｍ），ｔｅｒｔ．－Ｃ４Ｈ９ＯＨ（ｘ），Ｈ２Ｏ（１－ｘ）｜ＡｇＣｌ－Ａｇ （Ａ） Ｐｔ，Ｈ２（１．０１３×１０＾５Ｐａ）｜ＨＣｌ（ｍＡ），ＮａＣｌ（ｍＢ），ｔｅｒｔ．－Ｃ４ＨｏＯＨ，Ｈ２Ｏ（１－ｘ）｜ＡｇＣｌ－Ａｇ （Ｂ）根据电池（Ａ）电动势确定了     

分子C_(60)CH_2(C_(2V))气相热力学性质的理论研究

自从富勒烯被发现并能常量制备以来,人们就开始了对Ｃ６０衍生物的研究．Ｃ６０ＣＨ２是Ｃ６０最简单的衍生物之一,Ｃ６０ＣＨ２有２种异构体,根据所属点群的对称性划分一种是属Ｃ２Ｖ群的Ｃ６０ＣＨ２（Ｃ２Ｖ）,另一种是属ＣＳ群的Ｃ６０ＣＨ２（ＣＳ）．文献［１］...     

C_（60）的胺加成反应和电喷雾电离质谱（ESI－MS）检测

报道了Ｃ６０与１，３－丙二胺和Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基－１，３－丙二胺的加合反应，反应产物未经预先离子化处理直接用ＥＳＬ－ＭＳ进行检测。由于反应产物从甲苯溶液中析出，避免了生成多胺基加合物，产物以单加成物为主。当加合反应在空气氛下进行时，有加合氧的产物Ｃ６０Ｏｎ（ＮＨ２—ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＮＲ２）ｍ（Ｒ＝Ｈ，ＣＨ３）存在。实验发现：Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基－１，３－丙二胺比１，３－丙二胺更容易与Ｃ６０发生多胺基加成和氧加成反应。通过控制反应条件可制备Ｃ６０二胺的单加成产物。     

甲烷与PtCl2（H2O）x（x=0,1,2）的配合物结构的从头算研究

本文用量子化学从头算方法研究了甲烷与配位不饱和ＰｔＣｌ２（Ｈ２Ｏ）ｘ（ｘ＝０，１，２）形成的σ配合物的结构和性质。通过ＲＨＦ／Ｌａｎ１２ＤＺ和ＭＰ２／Ｌａｎ１２ＤＺ水平计算讨论了溶剂Ｈ２Ｏ分子与位的影响。在ＲＨＦ／Ｌａｎ１２ＤＺ级别上有４个稳定的（ＣＨ４）ＰｔＣｌ２配合物，分别属于η＾３，η＾２，η＾３，并都具有Ｃｓ对称性。根据能量和结构分析，η＾１配合物是进一步氧化加成反应的可能的起始物。     

白酒中C_9－C_（18）脂肪酸的气相色谱分析

白酒中Ｃ＿９－Ｃ＿（１８）脂肪酸的气相色谱分析周在德，曾永昌（四川大学化学系成都６１００６４）关键词气相色谱法，白酒，Ｃ＿９－Ｃ＿（１８）脂肪酸。白酒中脂肪酸的含量及相互比例关系，极大地影响着白酒的色，香，味，风格￣（［１］［２］）。一般采用的化学分...     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。