半微分阴极溶出伏安法研究硫离子在银电极上的电化学行为

用半微分阴极溶出伏安法研究硫离子在银电极上的电化学行为。在ＮａＯＨ－ＥＤＴＡ－Ｎａ２ＳＯ３底液中，可消除溶解氧及部分重金属离子Ｃｕ２＋，Ｐｂ２＋，Ｚｎ２＋，Ｃｄ２＋和Ｎｉ２＋的干扰。一些阴离子Ｃｌ－，Ｉ－，ＮＯ－３和ＳＯ２－４不干扰。硫离子浓度在３．１９×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ至３．１３×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内与溶出峰高成线性关系。对两种人发样品中硫含量测定的回收率分别为９３．９％和９７．８％。     

锂铅磷酸盐表面上激光促进异丁烷选择氧化制甲基丙烯酸

采用共沉淀法,制备了５％Ｌｉ３ＰＯ４－Ｐｂ３（ＰＯ４）２固体材料。运用ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＴＰＤ和ＬＳＳＲ技术,研究了其晶体结构、表面构造、化学吸附特性和激光促进异丁烷选择氧化的反应性能。结果表明,复合盐的主体晶相为Ｐｂ３（ＰＯ４）２,Ｌｉ３ＰＯ４以分子分散态掺杂在主体相中;其表面存在Ｌｅｗｉｓ碱位（Ｐ＝Ｏ和Ｐ－Ｏ－Ｐｂ键中的Ｏ＾２－）及Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸位、Ｐｂ＾２＋ｔ Ｌｉ＾＋;异丁烷的两个甲基中的Ｈ分别     

PTFE-乙醚柱反相萃取层析连续分离和测定镓(Ⅲ)铟(Ⅲ)的研究

研究了在抗坏血酸存在下的６ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＢｒ介质作流动相，以ＰＴＦＥ（聚四氟乙烯）负载的乙醚作固定相，反相萃取层析使微量Ｇａ（Ⅲ）、Ｉｎ（Ⅲ）与Ｆｅ３＋、Ｔｌ３＋、Ｍｏ６＋、Ａｕ３＋、Ｔｉ４＋、Ｂｉ３＋、Ａｌ３＋、Ｍｇ２＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｎｉ２＋、Ｃｏ２＋、Ｃｄ２＋、Ｚｎ２＋、Ｐｂ２＋、Ｃｕ２＋等多种离子分离。留于柱上的铟、镓分别用ＨＣｌ（４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）－Ｈ２Ｏ２（３％）及ＨＢｒ（１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）洗脱进行连续分离与测定。本方法已应用于地质样品中微量镓、铟的连续分离与测定     

褪色光度法测定SO_3~(2-)的研究

本文研究了ＳＯ２－３褪色碱蓝６Ｂ的反应，在ｐＨ５．２ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲介质中，ＳＯ２－３浓度在０．３９～１２ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内符合比尔定律，仅Ｆｅ３＋、Ｎｉ２＋、Ｃｒ３＋干扰测定，用于食品中ＳＯ２－３的测定，结果令人满意。     

meso—四（3,5—二溴—4—羟基苯）卟啉修饰电极测定Pb（Ⅱ）的 …

将ｍｅｓｏ－四（３，５－二溴－４－羟基苯）卟啉与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠一同吸附在汞膜玻炭电极上，制得卟啉修饰电极。该电极对Ｐｂ＾２＋的测定在响应区间有良好的线性关系，电极具有灵敏度高、稳定性好、易清洗、使用寿命长等特点。对Ｐｂ＾２＋的检出限可达１×１０＾－１０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１数量级，可不用富集直接测定自来水中Ｐｂ＾２＋。     

催化光度返滴定法测定微量锰的研究

本文研究了催化光度反滴定法测定微量锰的原理，找到最佳实验条件，确立了实验方法，测定波长６２２ｎｍ；反应时间１ｍｉｎ４０ｓ；活化剂ＮＴＡ用量０．６０ｍＬ，ＫＩＯ４与孔雀石绿用量比为１．００：０．３５，室温下滴定；用ｐＨ＝５．４的乙酸－乙酸钠缓冲溶液控制溶液酸度；测定Ｍｎ＾２＋的浓度范围为１×１０＾－７～１×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｃｏ＾２＋，Ｂｉ＾３＋，Ｃａ＾２＋，Ａｌ＾３＋，Ｐｂ＾２＋，Ｃｕ＾２＋，     

含有吸附络合物溶液的倒数示波计时电位法的应用

Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）在０．２％乙二胺－５×１０＾－３ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１ＨＯｘ－０．３ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１ＫＯＨ溶液中，有良好的全数示波图，其峰电位Ｅｐ＝－１．０５（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ），峰高与Ｐｂ＾２＋溶度在４．０×１０＾－７～２．０×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１内成正比，检测下限可达２．０×１０＾－７ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１。本实验采用倒数示波计时电位法对铝合金“Ａ”中铅进行了测定，并直接通过示波图，对络合物的吸附属于性进行了     

PbO2将Mn2＋氧化成几价

研究了在酸性介质中，Ｍｎ~（２＋）被ＰｂＯ_２氧化的产物，氧化产物的物种与反应条件──酸浓度、温度、ＰｂＯ_２用量的关系。实验结果表明：酸浓度较高时（ＣＨ_２ＳＯ_４≥６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ（－１）），有利于Ｍｎ~（３＋）的生成与稳定；酸浓度较低时，有利于ＭｎＯ_４~－的生成；在酸浓度居中时，也有可能得到Ｍｎ（Ⅳ）。氧化剂用量的增加，温度的提高有利于ＭｎＯ_４~－的生成。     

裉色光度法测定SO^2—3的研究

本文研究了ＳＯ＾２－３褪色碱蓝６Ｂ的反应，在ｐＨ５．２Ａｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲介质中，ＳＯ＾２－３浓度在０．３９－１２ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内符合比尔定律，仅Ｆｅ＾３＋，Ｎｉ＾２＋，Ｃｒ＾３＋干扰测定，用于食品中ＳＯ＾２－３的测定，结果令人满意。     

Eu3+掺杂的XFn-H3BO3玻璃材料的声子边带分析

制备了组分为５９．５Ｈ３ＢＯ３－４０ＸＦｎ－０．５Ｅｕ２Ｏ３（Ｘ＝Ｃａ,Ｍｇ,Ｙ,Ｐｂ：ｎ＝２或３）的玻璃材料,用Ｅｕ＾３＋对玻璃材料进行了声子边蛭 声子边带谱的高频模式进行了拟合,同时计算了与无辐射跃迁密切相关的不同模式的电声子耦合常数。结果表明电声子耦合常数ｇ由大到小随氟化物种类的变化顺序为ＣａＦ２、ＹＦ３、ＭｇＦ２、ＰｂＦ２,不同样品的声子边带谱与Ｒａｍａｎ散射谱的测定结果基本一致。     

Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) Based on the Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Nafion-Bismuth Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes

Abstract

In this work, a new method for the simultaneous determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) on the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT)-Nafion-bismuth modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry has been studied. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the characteristics of the MWNT-Nafion-bismuth modified GCE. Well-defined sharp stripping peaks were observed in the determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) simultaneously on this electrode. Under optimized conditions, the lowest detectable concentrations were 50 ng/l for Pb(II) and 80 ng/l for Cd(II) under a 10 min preconcentration. The attractive performances of MWNT-Nafion-bismuth modified GCE demonstrated its application for a simple, rapid, and harmless determination of trace heavy metals.     

A new sensitive method for the determination of trace mercury by differential pulse polarography: Application to raw salt sample

A new indirect differential pulse polarographic (DPP) method is established for the trace determination of mercury(II). Because of its toxic effects on human health, trace determination of mercury is very important. An indirect method had to be used since no polarographic peak is observed in its direct determination. According to the standard potentials, the reaction between Sn(II) and Hg(II) was found suitable. The peak of Sn(II) at about ?0.40 V is sharp, high and very reproducible, which enables the determination of low concentrations of Hg(II). For this purpose, to a known amount of Sn(II) present in the polarographic cell (acetic acid, HAc, pH 1–2), the unknown Hg(II) sample is added and the quantitative reaction takes place directly in the cell. The Hg(II) concentration is calculated simply from the decrease of the Sn(II) peak. The limit of detection (LOD) was found as 2 × 10^?7 M for S/N = 3. Interferences of some common cations, such as Fe, Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb and anions have been investigated. Only Pb had an overlapping peak with Sn(II). This peak overlap was eliminated simply by working at pH 2 (HAc electrolyte), because of the shift of the Pb peak in the Ac complex to ?0.7 V. This method was successfully applied to synthetic samples and raw salt sample taken from a salt lake in Turkey.     

流动注射分析光泽精-H2O2-Pb(Ⅱ)化学发光体系测定痕量铅的研究

检测铅离子常用的方法有AAS法和双硫腙比色法,前者直接测定工业废水中的铅,灵敏度不高;后者操作步骤繁琐,须使用剧毒试剂氰化钾,污染环境,用流动注射化学发光法测定铅,仪器简单、操作简便、试样消耗量少、精密度高、分析快速准确、自动化程度高。     

纳米二氧化钛分离富集石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量铅

提出了纳米TiO2分离富集,GFAAS测定水样中痕量铅的新方法。详细考察了纳米TiO2对铅的吸附行为,结果表明：在pH4．0时,Pb^2 可被纳米TiO2定量富集,吸附于纳米TiO2上的Pb^2 可用0．1mol／L的硝酸完全解脱。本法对Pb^2 的检出限为52ng／L,相对标准偏差为4．7％(n=10,C=0．02mg／L)。本法已用于实际水样中铅的测定,结果满意。     

海水中铜锌铅镉的萃取-反萃取法同时提取-原子吸收光谱法测定

采用萃取-反萃取法同时提取出海水中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd,Cu、Pb、Cd石墨炉法测定,Zn用火焰法测定.对样品的前处理方法和最佳仪器条件进行了研究,并通过加标实验验证了方法的可靠性.结果表明:萃取-反萃取法能完全满足海水中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的前处理要求,可节省一半前处理时间,有溶液稳定、环保、节省试剂等优点.     

ICP-MS测定土壤中铅同位素比值及地域差异性比较

建立用HNO_3-H_2O_2-HF体系微波消解前处理样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定土壤中铅同住素比值的方法,探讨并优化了影响测试结果的两种干扰因素.该方法中~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(206)Pb的短期测量稳定性RSD分别达到0.12%和0.13%,长期测量的偏差分别在0.002和0.01以内,样品测量的最佳范围是10～40μg/L.采用标样-样品交叉法测定了湖南、湖北、云南、贵州、河南、福建、辽宁7个省的48个地区土壤中的铅同位素比值,结合聚类分析和主成分分析比较了各省土壤中同位素分布的差异,初步探讨了利用~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(206)Pb比较烟叶产区的可能性.     

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of arsenic, copper, lead and mercury in unpolluted fresh waters using a vibrating gold microwire electrode

In this work, a simple, rapid, reliable and low cost method for simultaneous electrochemical determination of As, Cu, Hg and Pb ions, on a vibrating gold microwire electrode combined with stripping voltammetry, is described for the first time.The multi-element detection was performed in the presence of oxygen by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) in HCl 0.1 M with NaCl 0.5 M. This media was found optimum in terms of peak resolution, peak shape and sensitivities, and has a composition similar to seawater to which the method could potentially be applied. The gold microwire electrode presented well defined, undistorted, sharp and reproducible peaks for trace concentrations of Cu, Hg and Pb and As presented a reproducible peak with a small shoulder. Using a gold vibrating microwire electrode of 25 μm diameter and 30 s deposition time, the detection limits of As, Cu, Hg and Pb were 0.07, 0.4, 0.07 and 0.2 μg L⁻¹, respectively. Possible effects of Al, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sb and Zn were investigated but did not cause any significant interferences.Finally, the method was applied for the simultaneous determination of these four metals in unpolluted river water samples and the results were validated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy with Electrothermal Atomization (AAS-EA) or by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).     

纳米硅羟基磷灰石分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水样中痕量铅

提出了纳米硅羟基磷灰石(Si-HAP)分离富集,火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定水样中痕量铅的新方法。考察了铅在纳米Si-HAP上的吸附动力学、最佳酸度和吸附容量。实验结果表明:在最佳实验条件下,纳米Si-HAP能定量、快速地吸附水中的痕量Pb2+,其静态吸附容量24.33 mg/g;吸附在纳米Si-HAP上的Pb2+可用0.01mol/L EDTA-Ca完全洗脱。本法对Pb2+的检出限为1.33 ng/mL,相对标准偏差为4.0%(n=11,c=1μg/mL),加标回收率在94.9%~102.0%之间。方法用于实际水样中铅的测定,结果满意。     

X荧光光谱法测定锡酸铅TDI还原型催化剂中锡和铅含量

报道了一种准确度高、分析步骤简单的锡酸铅TDI还原型催化剂中锡和铅含量的X射线荧光光谱方法（XRF）．设计制备了标准样品,研究了仪器测试条件下元素峰位的选择和背景扣除方法．结果表明：X荧光光谱法在不破坏样品的前提下完成对二氧化锡和铅含量的同时测定,重复实验10次,Pb实验相对标准偏差为0．37％;SnO2实验相对标准偏差0．61％。     

A multielement masking method using magnesium hydroxide coprecipitation for the selective determination of lead in water samples by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry.

We present a new multielement masking method using magnesium hydroxide coprecipitation for the selective determination of Pb by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The recovery of Pb in the masking method was over 95%, while interfering ions (Cd(2+), Co(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+), Mn(2+), and Ni(2+)) could be removed at 100% from the analytical sample. A linear regression was obtained in the Pb concentration from 10 to 1000 microg kg(-1) in the existence of 100 microg kg(-1) of the interfering ions. When this method was applied to the determination of Pb in a natural water-standard reference material (NIST 1640), the determined value for Pb in this work (25.4 +/- 4.1 microg kg(-1)) almost agreed with the certified value (27.89 +/- 0.14 microg kg(-1)).