A Novel UWB Antenna with Small Side-Leakage

A successful design for a UWB (ultra-wideband antennas) antenna based on NRD-guide (nonradiative dielectric waveguide) with small side-leakage is presented. The rule of the theoretical selection of its parameters, if NRD-guide is used as the UWB antennas, is studied firstly, then the temporal propagation characteristics of the NRD-guide and the radiation characteristics for an tapered open-ended NRD-guide are calculated by FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) method.     

A double constrained robust capon beamforming based imaging method for early breast cancer detection

Ultra-wideband （UWB） microwave images are proposed for detecting small malignant breast tumors based on the large contrast of electric parameters between a malignant tumor and normal breast tissue. In this study, an antenna array composed of 9 antennas is applied to the detection. The double constrained robust capon beamforming （DCRCB） algorithm is used for reconstructing the breast image due to its better stability and high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio （SINR）. The successful detection of a tumor of 2 mm in diameter shown in the reconstruction demonstrates the robustness of the DCRCB beamforming algorithm. This study verifies the feasibility of detecting small breast tumors by using the DCRCB imaging algorithm.     

A High-Power Reflector Impulse Antenna with Dual-Tem Source

There are different demands on radiation efficiency and direction pattern according to various ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas and high power applications. To obtain more radiating gain on bore-sight of paraboloidal reflector and centralized radiating direction, a novel feeding structure called dual-TEM source has been designed and applied in half-paraboloidal reflector impulse radiating antenna (IRA) applications. Simulation results proved that this proposed half-paraboloidal reflector IRA with dual-TEM source provided greater radiation performance on bore-sight as a result of the synthesized power in the aperture space of paraboloid. Moreover, lots of simulation work and comparison have been done in different feeding models to summarize a relative optimal feeding structure.     

Neural Network Models for Finline Discontinuities

The radial basis network is used as the finline discontinuities electromagnetic artifical neural network(EMANN) models. EM software analysis is employed to characterize finline discontinuities. EMANN models are then trained using physical parameters and frequency as inputs and equivalent electric circuit element parameters of finline discontinuities as outputs. Once trained , the EMANN models can simulate equivalent electric circuit element parameters of finline step, notch and strip very fast and efficiently.     

Design of circular ARC finline tapers

The aim of this paper is the development of a technological simple procedure for the fabrication of tapers in finline technique with a high transmission and low reflection characteristics. This method employs tapers between rectangular waveguides and finline sections or between two electrically different waveguides in form of circular arcs which are matched to the required lapse of the slot width as a function of the characteristic impedance. The appicability of this method assumes that the transmission properties of the considered finline are known. Several examples show the feasibility of the method.     

Finline L to Q band upconverter

An L to Q band upconverter using finline configuration is developed. The conversion losses of 9.45±0.35 dB are achieved over 400MHz bandwidth. A more effective 180° hybrid and a planar backshort are used in the finline upconverter.     

Graphical design of millimeter-wave finline bandpass filters

A very simple yet accurate design procedure for the finline bandpass filters at millimeter wavelengths is presented. The technique enables the geometry of finline bandpass filters to be obtained accurately from simple closed-form equations and curves. Using this graphical approach, various millimeter-wave finline bandpass filters have been designed. Results in V-band (50 to 75 GHz) and W-band (75 to 110 GHz) are presented and indicate a good agreement between the calculated and measured performances.     

A frequency domain multiple-antenna and channel estimation approach for facilitation of UWB technologies coexistence in heterogeneous WPANs

Ultra wideband (UWB) communications is a promising technology which provides high data rates for short-range communications. There are currently two proposals as UWB standards, namely, multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) UWB and direct-sequence (DS) UWB. These two standards can cause interference on each other and also to other wireless technologies when they are located in their vicinity. In this paper, we focus on the mutual interference of these two UWB standards. In the first part of the paper, we address the channel estimation issue for DS-UWB receiver, in the presence of multi-user interference (MUI) and MB-OFDM interference within the framework of wireless personal area networks (WPANs). In fact, we use the minimum mean square error estimation (MMSE) to estimate the channel based on a pilot transmission scheme. In the second part, we propose a simple but effective design for the receiver structure of the DS-UWB which utilizes a frequency domain multiple-antenna approach in order to mitigate MUI as well as the MB-OFDM external interference. Channel estimation performed in part one will be used in the detection process in part two. Numerical results are provided to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques for interference mitigation in DS-UWB.     

高功率半抛物面冲击脉冲辐射天线系统实验研究

 描述了研制的一种集高重复频率、高功率冲击脉冲源和半抛物面反射器冲击脉冲辐射天线为一体的新型超宽带辐射天线系统,内容包括天线理论分析、系统工程设计和实验。研制的紧凑型高功率半IRA实验系统,在轴上30m处电场达13kV/m。     

超宽带匹配馈电结构的设计与实验

设计研制了一种低阻抗传输线向高阻抗超宽带天线馈电的馈电结构,理想情况下,该馈电方法可实现特性阻抗为50Ω的同轴传输线向特性阻抗为200Ω的超宽带天线匹配馈电。分别用TEM喇叭天线和抛物反射面天线进行了实验验证,结果表明,与同轴线直接馈电相比,采用该匹配馈电结构后,TEM喇叭天线的辐射场强提高了15%,反射面天线的辐射场强提高了27%。     

Research on spectral domain immittance approach

In this paper, we have obtained the equations of electrodynamics for a gyrotropic medium using the Maxwell's equations. Through the Fourier Transforms (FT), the admittances of TM and TE modes in the electrically gyrotropic substrate and the magnetically gyrotropic substrate are given. Then we can use the spectral domain immittance approach to analyse the finline structures with a gyrotropic medium. The propating characteristics of the dominant mode in magnetized-ferrite-loaded double-layered finlines are studied, numerical results are presented which could be used in designing a finline displacement isolator.     

A Unified Approach to the Analysis of a Category of H-Plane Discontinuities

Based on the mode matching method, the generalized scattering parameters including the fundamental and higher order modes (multi-modes) are obtained for the discontinuity interface of a category of waveguide H-plane discontinuities. Then by using a general port-connection order-decrease method raised by the author, the whole discontinuity including the two interfaces and the intermediate part of finite length or zero length (as is the case for very thin inductive windows or irises) can be combined into one network, and the generalized scattering parameters of this network can be obtained from which the scattering parameters of the fundamental mode can be extracted. If needed, the equivalent circuit parameters can be calculated directly from the scattering parameters. Examples are given to show the validity and versatility of this new method for dielectric filled waveguide, inductive iris and/or window, E-plane metal and/or finline insert, and even the offset E-plane finline insert, etc.. Multiple inserts, windows and irises can also be analysed.     

超宽带天线辐射中心的时域测量方法

 采用时域方法测量超宽带天线的辐射中心时,找出一个参考点,使天线以此点为中心的辐射波在辐射主轴某一范围内的波形时延最小,该参考点即为天线的辐射中心。该方法无需考虑馈入脉冲的频率,仅需观察天线辐射场各方向的波形时延。用时域测量方法测量了超宽带TEM喇叭天线的辐射中心,并用TEM喇叭做为馈源的抛物反射面天线进行了验证,结果证明了该方法的可行性与准确性。     

Localization of notches with Lamb waves

A time-frequency representation (TFR) is used to analyze the interaction of a multimode and dispersive Lamb wave with a notch, and then serves as the basis for a correlation technique to locate the notch. The experimental procedure uses a laser source and a dual-probe laser interferometer to generate and detect Lamb waves in a notched plate. The high fidelity, broad-bandwidth, point-like and noncontact nature of laser ultrasonics are critical to the success of this study, making it possible to experimentally measure transient Lamb waves without any frequency biases. A specific TFR, the reassigned spectrogram, is used to resolve the dispersion curves of the individual modes of the plate, and then the slowness-frequency representation (SFR) of the plate is calculated from this reassigned spectrogram. By considering the notch to be an additional (second) source, the reflected and transmitted contributions of each Lamb mode are automatically identified using the SFRs. These results are then used to develop a quantitative understanding of the interaction of an incident Lamb wave with a notch, helping to identify mode conversion. Finally, two complementary, automated localization techniques are developed based on this understanding of scattering of Lamb waves.     

Dispersion in finlines on semiconductor and the S-parameters of a step discontinuity

The Transverse Transmission Line method is used for the characterization of bilateral and unilateral finlines on a semiconductor substrate and in conjunction with the modal method, for the calculation of the scattering parameters due to a step discontinuity on a unilateral finline with a lossless dielectric substrate.Numerical results of the effective dielectric constant, attenuation constant and characteristic impedance for the bilateral and unilateral finlines on semiconductor substrates, and results of scattering parameters of a step discontinuity for unilateral finline, are presented.     

Knowledge-Based Artificial Neural Network Models for Finline

Finline plays an important role in millimeter-wave integrated-circuit design. In this paper, a knowledge-based artifcial neural network is used to model the finline. Using prior knowledge input method and Bayesian regularization technique make the neural network models for finline reduce the amount of training data needed and prevent overfitting in neural network training. The neural network is electromagnetically developed with a set of training data that are produced by the fnite element method, which is robust both from the angle of time of computation and accuracy.     

Modeling,validation and performance evaluation of body shadowing effect in ultra-wideband networks

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is an emerging wireless technology with high data rates and low transmission power, which is very suitable for high-speed, short-range multimedia applications such as the Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) indoor distribution. However, human body shadowing is very common in any office or household environment, and can dramatically affect the UWB link performance when the significant propagation paths are blocked. In this paper, we build an analytical model for the Body Shadowing Effect (BSE) on indoor UWB channels based on the IEEE 802.15.3a standard and the channel reciprocity property. The BSE model and the reciprocity property of UWB channels in both the baseband and the radio frequency band are validated with extensive measurement. We further apply the extended BSE model in the analysis of application-layer Quality-of-Service (QoS) metrics for IPTV services, and derive the packet loss rate of the IPTV streams analytically and obtain the admission region to ensure the QoS. The work is of particular importance for the performance evaluation of UWB networks and the service provisioning for IPTV indoor distribution.     

具有高隔离度的双陷波超宽带多入多出天线

提出了一款具有高隔离度的双陷波超宽带多入多出(UWB MIMO)天线。该天线由两个相同的半切超宽带天线单元倒置构成。通过在天线底板刻蚀栅栏型缺陷地解耦结构,使该MIMO天线的隔离度提高至25 dB。此外,在天线半圆形辐射贴片上刻蚀两个方向相反的"L"型缝隙,实现了双陷波的功能,分别抑制了802.16无线城域网WiMAX(3.2~3.7 GHz)和WLAN(5.15~5.85 GHz)信号对天线系统的干扰。实验结果表明,该天线在3~11 GHz工作带宽内的隔离度大于25 dB,包络相关系数(ECC)小于0.004;第一个陷波频段为3.0~3.7 GHz,第二个陷波频段为5.1~5.85 GHz,有效抑制了WiMAX和WLAN的信号干扰。     

Performance analysis and comparison of MWCNT loaded ITO and TIO based optically transparent patch antennas for terahertz communications

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) loaded transparent conducting oxide materials (TCOMs) based optically transparent antennas are designed to resonate at 750 GHz. TCOMs such as indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) and titanium-doped tin oxide (TIO) are used for designing the transparent terahertz patch antennas. Shorting pin technique is used to improve the impedance performances of the transparent antennas. The MWCNT is used for shorting the microstrip line with the ground plane of the antenna. By varying the position of short with respect to the antenna patch, the resonant frequency of the antennas are optimized to resonate at 750 GHz. The impedance and radiation performances of the MWCNT loaded transparent antennas are compared. A broad impedance bandwidth (−10 dB) is achieved for both the proposed antennas. The MWCNT shorting pin effect on radiation performances of the transparent antennas are discussed in detail. The antennas are simulated using finite element method (FEM) based electromagnetic solver, Ansys-HFSS.     

伪随机编码超宽带短脉冲的探测能力研究

 为进行弱信号检测，研究在脉冲雷达中获得大信号时间宽度与信号带宽积的方法，利用伪随机编码方法调制超宽带短脉冲，可以在保持子脉冲信号带宽的情况下，以低功率发射长脉冲串类噪声信号，而提高信号的能量，提高探测距离。通过仿真实验得出，利用伪随机编码技术可以使超宽带信号具有更强的探测能力，可以在回波信号功率水平远远小于噪声水平（如信噪比5%）的情况下实现对探测目标的高保真成像。