氨基酸在固体表面的吸附*

介绍了氨基酸在固体表面吸附的常见吸附模式和吸附等温线类型。在常见的等温式中Sips等温式能处理液相中吸附质浓度从低到高、吸附剂表面从均匀到不均匀等各种情形下的固/液吸附体系,得到的等温线一般归属4类：S型、L型、H型和C型;总结和讨论了各吸附参数对氨基酸吸附的影响,具体考察了氨基酸种类、固体表面的性质、溶剂种类、介质的pH、介质离子强度和温度等因素对氨基酸吸附的影响,指出通过优化各吸附参数,可以调整氨基酸和固体吸附剂之间的静电吸引力或疏水作用,达到最好的吸附效果;对氨基酸的固体吸附剂进行了分类阐述。     

硅沸石完美骨架上的吸附Ⅱ.乙胺、正戊烷、乙醇在 FAU型沸石上的吸附热

用测定吸附等温线法研究乙胺、正戊烷和乙醇在疏水高硅FAU沸石上的吸附热效应。根据Clapeyron-Clausius方程,处理吸附等温线,得到不同覆盖度C(C=被吸附分子数/晶胞)的等量吸附热Qst(C)(一定覆盖度C时由Clapeyron-Clausius方程计算的吸附热)及平均等量吸附热Qst^*(一定温度区间里等量吸附热Qst的平均值),以及Qst^*与沸点蒸发热△Hv的差值△H1(定义为相互作用强度△H1=Qst^*-△Hv)。所研究的三种有机分子的△H1的次序为△H1(乙胺)>△H1(正戊烷)>>△H1(乙醇)。这与AT值(定义为脱附温度Td与吸附质的沸点温度Tb的差值,无需单位)有正相关关系。由AT值观察到的高硅FAU沸石Si-O骨架与被吸附乙胺之间可能存在的强相互作用、为本研究测定的热力学定量数据△H1值所证明。     

中国科学院上海有机化学研究所1983年研究生入学试题

共100题,每题一分,请在各题后圈出正确答案。二个不同事物间,有三个如图所示的关系表示第一类事物包含于第二类事物之中,但第二类不能包含于第一类中。表示二个事物均不能被包含在另一事物中,但是它们有共同的成员。表示无共同成员的二类事物。题1～10属于下述五种关系中的哪一种1.人,中国人,演员 A B C D E2.高个子,青年,运动员 A B C D E3.艺术家,画家,球迷 A B C D E4.亚洲人,中国人,化学家 A B C D E5.蓖麻油,松节油,酯类化合物 A B C D E6.海洋生物,海马,海牛 A B C D E7.黄体酮,胆固醇,甾族化合物 A B C D E     

聚酯基硫脲树脂PDTU—I对Ag（I）的吸附性能研究

测定了聚酯基硫脲树脂对银离子的吸附容量,讨论了吸附时间、溶液酸度,温度及银离子初始浓度等因素对其吸附性能的影响,并对吸附动力学和热力学进行了研究。结果表明,树脂对Ag(I)的吸附遵循G.E.Boyd液膜扩散方程和Langmuir等温式,且吸附为吸热过程。     

聚酯基硫脲树脂PDTU-Ⅰ对Ag(Ⅰ)的吸附性能研究

测定了聚酯基硫脲树脂对银离子的吸附容量,讨论了吸附时间、溶液酸度,温度及银离子初始浓度等因素对其吸附性能的影响,并对吸附动力学和热力学进行了研究.结果表明,树脂对Ag(Ⅰ)的吸附遵循G.E.Boyd液膜扩散方程和Langmuir等温式,且吸附为吸热过程.     

H3PO4改性PS-EDTA树脂对水相中Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附性能研究

大孔氯甲基化聚苯乙烯小球先后与乙二胺、2-氯乙酸反应得EDTA型螯合树脂(PS-EDTA),再用磷酸在室温处理得PS-EDTA/P树脂。PS-EDTA/P树脂被用于水相中Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附净化处理,探讨了溶液的pH值、初始金属离子浓度、时间、温度等因素对吸附性能的影响,并研究了其对重金属离子的吸附动力学和热力学。结果表明,PS-EDTA/P树脂对Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温式、对Cd2+的吸附符合Freundlich等温式,准二级吸附动力学方程能够很好地描述3种金属离子在树脂上的吸附动力学行为。同时,PS-EDTA/P树脂对重金属吸附的热力学参数表明,PS-EDTA/P树脂对Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附是一个自发的、吸热的过程。已吸附Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的树脂可以用0.1mol/L HCl解吸,解吸后的树脂对Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+仍具有较高的吸附量。     

胺修饰酚醛树脂对酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附性能研究

研究了自制胺修饰酚醛树脂(AMPF)对水溶性染料酸性橙II的吸附性能,探讨了pH值、温度、浓度等因素对酸性橙吸附性能的影响。结果表明,AMPF与市售大孔树脂D296和D301相似,对酸性橙均具有较强的吸附能力。温度升高有利于AMPF对酸性橙的吸附;酸性橙浓度升高,吸附量增大。AMPF对酸性橙的吸附符合Boyd液膜扩散控制。各种树脂对酸性橙的平衡吸附数据符合Langmuir方程和Freundlich等温式,其相关系数大于0.98,n均大于1,表明为优惠吸附。     

城市土壤对铅的吸附动力学特征及影响因素

采用批量法对温州景山森林公园5种不同土壤的Ph的吸附动力学行为进行了研究,初步探讨了不同理化性质土壤对重金属吸附的影响。结果表明,在实验条件下,5种土样均在180rain内达到吸附平衡;抛物线扩散方程、双常数速率方程和Elovich方程能很好地描述5种土壤Pb^2＋动力学行为;随着外源Pb^2＋质量浓度的增大,土壤对Pb^2＋的吸附量都相应增大;通过吸附速率与吸附强度与土壤理化性质相关性分析,得出土壤对重金属铅的吸附速率是土壤各理化性质综合作用的结果,而土壤对铅的吸附强度在很大程度上取决于土壤pH。     

胺基化壳聚糖树脂吸附分离茶多酚的研究

对珠状壳聚糖树脂进行胺基化改性,制备了胺基化珠状壳聚糖树脂,并用FTIR对胺基化珠状壳聚糖树脂进行了结构表征。利用该树脂对绿茶中茶多酚进行吸附分离,探讨了其吸附条件,考察了其吸附性能。结果表明,胺基化壳聚糖树脂对茶多酚的吸附既符合Langmuir等温式,也符合Freundlich等温式;本实验最佳吸附条件为:温度25℃,茶汤溶液pH值5,吸附时间2h;最大吸附量达到486.0mg/g。     

壳聚糖及其改性衍生物对锆(Ⅳ)离子的吸附研究

壳聚糖经双氧水降解得到低分子量壳聚糖,用水杨醛对低分子量壳聚糖进行化学改性得到其相应的衍生物.分别研究了壳聚糖和水杨醛改性的低分子量壳聚糖对锆(Ⅳ)离子的吸附,考察了锆(Ⅳ)离子起始浓度、溶液pH值、吸附时间以及温度对这两种吸附剂吸附锆(Ⅳ)离子性能的影响,得出了最佳吸附条件.用红外对最佳条件下的吸附产物进行了表征.结果表明,壳聚糖吸附锆离子的最佳条件为:锆(Ⅳ)离子的起始浓度为6.5×10-4g/mL,振摇时间为6.5h,pH值为5～6;水杨醛改性的低分子量壳聚糖吸附锆离子的最佳条件为:锆离子的起始浓度为4.7×10-4g/mL,振摇时间为5h,pH值为5～6.这两种吸附剂对锆(Ⅳ)离子的吸附受温度影响均不大,吸附行为均满足Langmuir等温式.红外光谱分析表明,锆(Ⅳ)离子与这两种吸附剂均发生了配位作用.     

Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on Activated Carbon

The adsorption of CO2 on a raw activated carbon A and three modified activated carbon samples B, C, and D at temperatures ranging from 303 to 333 K and the thermodynamics of adsorption have been investigated using a vacuum adsorption apparatus in order to obtain more information about the effect of CO2 on removal of organic sulfur-containing compounds in industrial gases. The active ingredients impregnated in the carbon samples show significant influence on the adsorption for CO2 and its volumes adsorbed on modified carbon samples B, C, and D are all larger than that on the raw carbon sample A. On the other hand, the physical parameters such as surface area, pore volume, and micropore volume of carbon samples show no influence on the adsorbed amount of CO2. The Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equation was the best model for fitting the adsorption data on carbon samples A and B, while the Preundlich equation was the best fit for the adsorption on carbon samples C and D. The isosteric heats of adsorption on carbon samples A, B, C, and D derived from the adsorption isotherms using the Clapeyron equation decreased slightly increasing surface loading. The heat of adsorption lay between 10.5 and 28.4 kJ/mol, with the carbon sample D having the highest value at all surface coverages that were studied. The observed entropy change associated with the adsorption for the carbon samples A, B, and C (above the surface coverage of 7 ml/g) was lower than the theoretical value for mobile adsorption. However, it was higher than the theoretical value for mobile adsorption but lower than the theoretical value for localized adsorption for carbon sample D.     

Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents

The article focuses on adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents such as clay minerals, metal (hydr)oxides, and soil organic matter. Empirical and mechanistic model approaches for heavy metal adsorption and parameter determination in such models have been reviewed. Sorption mechanisms in soils, the influence of surface functional groups and surface complexation as well as parameters influencing adsorption are discussed. The individual adsorption behavior of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn and Co on soils and soil constituents is reviewed.     

Zn2＋型磺酸树脂对维生素B12的配位吸附及洗脱性能

原位吸附;分离;Zn2＋型磺酸树脂对维生素B12的配位吸附及洗脱性能     

Synthesis and application of modified poly (styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) networks as a nano chelating resin for uptake of heavy metal ions

A chelating resin based on modified poly (styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) with 3‐aminobenzoic acid was synthesized. This modified resin was further reacted by 1,2‐diaminoethane or 1,3‐diaminopropane in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation to prepare tridimensional chelating resin for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorption behavior of Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions was investigated by synthesized chelating resins in various pH. Among the synthesized resins, CSMA‐AB1 and CSMA‐AB2 demonstrated a high affinity for the selected metal ions compared to SMA‐AB, and the order of removal percentage changes as follow: Fe(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Pb(II). The adsorption of all metal ions in acidic medium was moderate, and it was favored at the pH value of 6 and 7. Also, the prepared resins were examined for removal of metal ions from industrial wastewater and were shown to have a very efficient adsorption in the case of Cu(II), Fe(II) and Pb(II); however, the adsorption of Zn(II) was lower than others. The resin was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis and thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Heavy metal adsorption ability of a new composite material based on starch strengthened with chemically modified cellulose

Adsorption of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, and Cu) on a new bioadsorbent based on starch reinforced with modified cellulose with toluene‐diisocyanate has been studied using batch‐adsorption technology. The study was carried out in order to find if this bio material, designed for seedling pots manufacture, is able to act like a barrier between soil pollutants and plants. The influence of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and salt concentrations was also evaluated. The obtained data were examined using the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. Optimal results were obtained at pH 5.0, temperature of 25°C, contact time of 120 minutes, and an adsorbent dose of 4 mg/mL. Experimental data along with computed Langmuir parameters show that the adsorption process is favorable, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for lead, zinc, and copper was 66.66, 58.82, and 47.61 mg/g, respectively.     

Competitive adsorption behavior of heavy metals on kaolinite

Polluted and contaminated soils can often contain more than one heavy metal species. It is possible that the behavior of a particular metal species in a soil system will be affected by the presence of other metals. In this study we have investigated the adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) onto kaolinite in single- and multi-element systems as a function of pH and concentration, in a background solution of 0.01 M NaNO3. In adsorption edge experiments, the pH was varied from 3.5 to 10.0 with total metal concentration 133.3 microM in the single-element system and 33.3 microM each of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) in the multi-element system. The value of pH50 (the pH at which 50% adsorption occurs) was found to follow the sequence Cu相似文献   

Sustainable natural adsorbents for heavy metal removal from wastewater: lead sorption on pine bark (Pinus radiata D.Don)

Aqueous Pb(II) adsorption on pine bark (Pinus Radiata D.Don), an inexpensive and sustainable natural sorbent material, has been evaluated and the mechanism of metal retention characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Bark pulp densities >1.5 g l^?1 achieve near 100% Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions containing 100 mg l^?1 Pb(II). Adsorption rates increased with pulp density, although adsorption capacity diminished at high densities because of blockage of adsorption sites. The effects of washing and sulfuric acid activation were assessed and found to be less important than in previous metal sorption studies. Pb(II) sorption takes place mainly at the lignocellulosic C―O groups, with adsorption at phenolic sites appearing to be most significant. © 2016 The Authors. Surface and Interface Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自然水体中生物膜不同化学组分与铅、镉最大吸附量的关系

生物膜存在于河流、湖泊和湿地环境中岩石和表层沉积物表面上 ,并由地球上不同种类的微生物组成 [1,2 ] .大量证据表明 ,生物膜在决定水环境中痕量金属的迁移、最终归宿、生物地球化学特性、生物可利用性和毒性过程中起着非常重要的作用 .因此 ,研究生物膜对痕量金属的吸附、预测重金属在水环境中的迁移转化规律具有重要的理论意义 .从环境化学角度看 ,生物膜上的主要成分铁氧化物、锰氧化物和有机质一直被认为是影响痕量金属在固体表面吸附的 3个最重要的因素[3] .有的文献认为 ,金属氧化物是痕量金属吸附唯一最重要的决定因素 [4 ,5] ,有…     

聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/蒙脱土/腐殖酸钠复合物对Pb2+的吸附性能

用制备的聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/蒙脱土/腐殖酸钠复合吸附剂,研究了溶液pH值、吸附时间和Pb2+溶液初始浓度等因素对重金属Pb2+的吸附性能,探讨了复合吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附机理。结果表明,在pH值为6.0、吸附时间2 h、Pb2+溶液初始浓度0.01 mol/L和吸附剂用量0.10 g的条件下,复合吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附量达到364.05 mg/g,平衡所需的时间为15 min。与蒙脱土相比,复合吸附剂具有更高的吸附容量和更快的吸附速率。