Transient Properties of a Bistable System with Delay Time Driven by Non-Gaussian and Gaussian Noises： Mean First-Passage Time

The mean first-passage time of a bistable system with time-delayed feedback driven by multiplicative non-Gaussian noise and additive Gaussian white noise is investigated. Firstly, the non-Markov process is reduced to the Markov process through a path-integral approach; Secondly, the approximate Fokker-Planck equation is obtained by applying the unified coloured noise approximation, the small time delay approximation and the Novikov Theorem. The functional analysis and simplification are employed to obtain the approximate expressions of MFPT. The effects of non-Gaussian parameter （measures deviation from Gaussian character） r, the delay time τ, the noise correlation time to, the intensities D and a of noise on the MFPT are discussed. It is found that the escape time could be reduced by increasing the delay time τ, the noise correlation time τ0, or by reducing the intensities D and α. As far as we know, this is the first time to consider the effect of delay time on the mean first-passage time in the stochastic dynamical system.     

Extinction Effects of Multiplicative Non-Gaussian L′evy Noise in a Tumor Growth System with Immunization

The extinction phenomenon induced by multiplicative non-Gaussian Levy noise in a tumor growth model with immune response is discussed. Under the influence of the stochastic immune rate, the model is analyzed in terms of a stochastic differential equation with multiplicative noise. By means of the theory of the infinitesimal generator of Hunt processes, the escape probability, which is used to measure the noise-induced extinction probability of tumor cells, is explicitly expressed as a function of initial tumor cell density, stability index and noise intensity. Based on the numerical calculations, it is found that for different initial densities of tumor cells, noise parameters play opposite roles on the escape probability. The optimally selected values of the multiplicative noise intensity and the stability index are found to maximize the escape probability.     

System size and energy dependence of jet-induced hadron pair correlation shapes in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at square root sNN=200 and 62.4 GeV

We present azimuthal angle correlations of intermediate transverse momentum (1-4 GeV/c) hadrons from dijets in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at square root sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV. The away-side dijet induced azimuthal correlation is broadened, non-Gaussian, and peaked away from Delta phi=pi in central and semicentral collisions in all the systems. The broadening and peak location are found to depend upon the number of participants in the collision, but not on the collision energy or beam nuclei. These results are consistent with sound or shock wave models, but pose challenges to Cherenkov gluon radiation models.     

Anomalous self-similarity in a turbulent rapidly rotating fluid

Our velocity measurements on quasi-two-dimensional turbulent flow in a rapidly rotating annulus yield self-similar (scale-independent) probability distribution functions for longitudinal velocity differences, deltav(l) = v(x+l)-v(x). These distribution functions are strongly non-Gaussian, suggesting that the coherent vortices play a significant role. The structure functions <[deltav(l)](p)> approximately l(zeta)p exhibit anomalous scaling: zeta(p) = p / 2 rather than the expected zeta(p) = p / 3. Correspondingly, the energy spectrum is described by E(k) approximately k(-2) rather than the expected E(k) approximately k(-5/3).     

Three-dimensional kaon and pion emission source extraction from √sNN = 200 GeV Au + Au collisions at RHIC-STAR

Three-dimensional source images for mid-rapidity, low transverse momentum kaon and pion pairs have been extracted from central Au + Au collisions data at √s _NN = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The pion source function displays significant non-Gaussian features implying a finite pion emission duration. On the other hand, the kaon source function is essentially Gaussian, consistent with instantaneous emission from the fireball.     

Energy-independent factors influencing noise-induced hearing loss in the chinchilla model.

The effects on hearing and the sensory cell population of four continuous, non-Gaussian noise exposures each having an A-weighted L(eq)=100 dB SPL were compared to the effects of an energy-equivalent Gaussian noise. The non-Gaussian noise conditions were characterized by the statistical metric, kurtosis (beta), computed on the unfiltered, beta(t), and the filtered, beta(f), time-domain signals. The chinchilla (n=58) was used as the animal model. Hearing thresholds were estimated using auditory-evoked potentials (AEP) recorded from the inferior colliculus and sensory cell populations were obtained from surface preparation histology. Despite equivalent exposure energies, the four non-Gaussian conditions produced considerably greater hearing and sensory cell loss than did the Gaussian condition. The magnitude of this excess trauma produced by the non-Gaussian noise was dependent on the frequency content, but not on the average energy content of the impacts which gave the noise its non-Gaussian character. These results indicate that beta(t) is an appropriate index of the increased hazard of exposure to non-Gaussian noises and that beta(f) may be useful in the prediction of the place-specific additional outer hair cell loss produced by non-Gaussian exposures. The results also suggest that energy-based metrics, while necessary for the prediction of noise-induced hearing loss, are not sufficient.     

非高斯噪声对惯性棘轮中粒子负迁移率的影响

利用随机模拟方法研究了惯性棘轮中非高斯噪声对负迁移率的影响. 分别模拟了绝对负迁移率(ANM), 非线性迁移率(NNM) 和负微分迁移率(NDM) 等三种反常输运现象. 计算结果表明: 1) 在不同的参数空间里, 非高斯噪声参数q 能够增强或者削弱ANM, 诱导NNM 和NDM; 2) 当q 较大时, 反常输运现象转化为正常输运; 3) 随着q 逐渐增大, 平均速度- 关联时间特性曲线朝着关联时间较小的方向移动并且其峰值逐渐减小. 关键词： 反常输运 负迁移率 非高斯噪声     

Three-dimensional two-pion emission source at SPS: Extraction of source breakup time and emission duration

A model-independent, three-dimensional source function for pion pairs has been extracted from Pb + Pb collisions at √s _NN = 17.3 GeV. The extracted source exhibits long-range non-Gaussian tails in the directions of the pion-pair net transverse momentum and of the beam. Comparison with the Therminatormodel allows for an extraction of the pion source proper breakup time and of emission duration in the collisions. (for the NA49 Collaboration) The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Constraints on galaxy bias, matter density, and primordial non-Gaussianity from the PSCz galaxy redshift survey

We compute the bispectrum for the IRAS PSCz catalog and find that the galaxy distribution displays the characteristic signature of gravity. Assuming Gaussian initial conditions, we obtain galaxy biasing parameters 1/b(1) = 1.20(+0.18)(-0.19) and b(2)/b(2)(1) = -0.42+/-0.19, with no sign of scale-dependent bias for k < or = 0.3h Mpc(-1). These results impose stringent constraints on non-Gaussian initial conditions. For dimensional scaling models with chi(2)(N) statistics, we find N > 49, which implies a constraint on primordial skewness B3 < 0.35.     

A unified model for non-stationary and/or non-Gaussian random processes

An analytical model for non-stationary and/or non-Gaussian random processes described in the paper is based on a normal stationary random process. The non-stationarity is introduced as a deterministic dependence of the parameters of the marginal distribution function or those of the correlation function upon the argument t. Consideration that the mentioned parameters are random variables or stationary random processes results in generating non-Gaussian distributions of the unconditioned process. By combining deterministic and random components of the parameters' dependencies, non-stationary and simultaneously non-Gaussian random processes may be easily specified. The model described may be useful for analytical treatment, for identification of experimentally obtained realizations of random processes and for simulation of random processes on computers as well as in the laboratory.     

Non-Gaussian noise in quantum spin glasses and interacting two-level systems

We study a general model for non-Gaussian 1/f noise based on an infinite range quantum Ising spin system in the paramagnetic state, or, equivalently, interacting two-level classical fluctuators. We identify a dilatation interaction term in the dynamics which survives the thermodynamic limit and circumvents the central limit theorem to produce non-Gaussian noise even when the equilibrium distribution is that of noninteracting spins. The resulting second spectrum ("noise of the noise") itself has a universal 1/f form which we analyze within a dynamical mean-field approximation.     

Power-law stellar distributions

The density profiles and other quantities of physical interest for spherically symmetric systems are computed by assuming that a collisionless stellar gas may relax to the non-Gaussian power-law distribution suggested by the nonextensive kinetic theory. There are two different classes of solutions. The first class behaves like a subset of the polytropic Lane–Emden spheres, whereas the second one corresponds to a transition between two different potytropic indices. Unlike the isothermal Maxwellian sphere, the total mass and sizes of both classes are finite for a large range of the nonextensive q-parameter.     

Identification of inherent noise components of semiconductor devices on an example of optocouplers

In the paper, a method of estimation of parameters of Gaussian and non-Gaussian components in the noise signal of semiconductor devices in a frequency domain is proposed. The method is based on composing estimators of two spectra, corresponding to 1/f^α noise (Gaussian component) and two-level RTS noise (non-Gaussian component). The proposed method can be applied for precise evaluation of the corner RTS frequency fRTS in the noise spectrum.     

Fractional diffusion and reflective boundary condition

Scaling analysis of the magnitude series (volatile series) has been proposed recently to identify possible non-linear/multifractal signatures in the given data [Y. Ashkenazy, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 1900; Y. Ashkenazy, et al. Physica A 323 (2003) 19; T. Kalisky, Y. Ashkenazy, S. Havlin. Phys. Rev. E 72 (2005) 011913]. In this article, correlations of volatile series generated from stationary first-order linear feedback process with Gaussian and non-Gaussian innovations are investigated. While volatile correlations corresponding to Gaussian innovations exhibited uncorrelated behavior across all time scales, those of non-Gaussian innovations showed significant deviation from uncorrelated behavior even at large time scales. The results presented raise the intriguing question whether non-Gaussian innovations can be sufficient to realize long-range volatile correlations.     

Multiplicative non-Gaussian noise and additive Gaussian white noise induced transition in a piecewise nonlinear model

We study the transition problems in a piecewise nonlinear model induced by correlated multiplicative non-Gaussian noise and additive Gaussian white noise. Firstly, applying the path integral approach, the unified colored noise approximation, the analytical expression of the steady-state probability density function (SPD) is derived. Then the change regulation of the SPD is analyzed with the change of the strength and relevance of multiplicative noise and additive noise. From numerical computations we obtain some new nonlinear phenomena: the transition can be induced by the cross-correlation strength between noises, the non-Gaussian noise intensity and the Gaussian noise intensity as well as the non-Gaussian noise deviation parameter. This indicates that the effect of the non-Gaussian noise intensity on SPD is the same as that of the Gaussian noise intensity. Moreover, we also find the correlation time of the non-Gaussian noise can not induce the transition.     

非高斯噪声驱动下一维双稳系统的逻辑操作

本文以成功率作为逻辑随机共振的测度, 主要研究了非高斯噪声激励下一维双稳系统的逻辑随机共振现象, 并用平均首次通过时间的方法对此现象的机理进行了解释. 研究结果表明: 只有在适当的噪声强度带或关联时间带上, 成功率才会达到共振峰值. 通过对系统参数进行优化, 提高了系统实现逻辑操作的可靠性. 关键词： 逻辑随机共振 一维双稳系统 非高斯噪声 平均首次通过时间     

Effects of non-Gaussian noise on a calcium oscillation system

We investigate the effects of the non-Gaussian colored noise on a calcium oscillation system using stochastic simulation methods. It is found that the reciprocal coefficient of variance R has a maximum (R max ) with increasing noise intensity Q. The non-Gaussian noise parameter q has an important effect on the system. For some values of q (e.g., q = 0.9, q = 1.0), R has a maximum with increasing correlation time τ. Non-Gaussian noise induced spikes are more regular than Gaussian noise induced spikes when q is small and Q has large values. The R has a maximum with increasing q. Therefore, non-Gaussian noise could play more effective roles in the calcium oscillation system.