氢化物发生-电热原子吸收光谱法测定人发中铅

经清洗并干燥的人发样用硝酸-高氯酸混合酸溶解,试样溶液中铅(Ⅱ)转化成铅烷(PbH4)及试样中铅量的测定采用WHG-102A2型流动注射氢化物发生器及GGX-9型原子吸收光谱仪的联用而自动完成.方法的最佳测定条件,包括铁氰化钾的加入量、原子化温度、高氯酸的影响及干扰试验等作了试验和选择.方法的检出限为0.25μg·L-1,在8μg·g-1的水平上进行精密度试验,测得结果的相对标准偏差(n=10)为3.0%.     

苦黄注射液中大黄蒽醌含量测定方法改进

按苦黄注射液原质量标准（草案）中测定方法,大黄蒽醌用氯仿提取,阴性试验结果为苦黄注射液大黄蒽酯标示量的１６．５０％（ｎ＝５）,结果偏高;改用石油醚提取,降为６．１５％,重复性试验的ＲＳＤ为１．４４％（ｎ＝５）,加标回收率为１０１．８％（ｎ＝５）,显色在１－４ｈ内稳定,表明该法是可行的。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中金属元素

土壤样品用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸(5+5+3)混合酸消解后,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法分别测定了试样溶液中铁、锰、铜、锌、铅、镉和镍的含量。因消解过程中加入了氢氟酸,大部分硅生成四氟化硅气体除去,可在此溶液中直接测定其中铁、锰、铜、锌及镍的量。考虑到SiO_3~(2-)、Ti(Ⅳ)及Al~(3+)对锰测定有负干扰,加入一定量的氯化钙溶液作为释放剂消除其干扰。如试样含铁量较高,须加入硝酸镧溶液作释放剂以克服其对锌测定的干扰。测定铅及镉时须加入碘化钾溶液使之生成碘化物络阴离子后,用4-甲基-2-戊酮作溶剂进行萃取分离,随后在有机相中测定铅与镉的含量。用7种元素的标准溶液制作了各自的标准曲线,所得线性回归方程的相关系数在0.999 2～0.9996之间。以土壤样品为基体,加入一定量7种元素的标准溶液做回收试验,得到回收率在96.8%～99.9%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.9%～2.0%之间。     

微波消解样品-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品添加剂中铅和镉含量

提出了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品添加剂中铅和镉含量的方法。样品用硝酸及过氧化氢作溶剂,使用微波消解的方法处理。以磷酸二氢铵为基体改进剂,铅和镉灰化温度分别为600℃和400℃,原子化温度分别为2 100℃和1 800℃。在优化的试验条件下,测得铅和镉相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为2.8%～6.5%和2.4%～5.3%,7种食品添加剂中铅和镉的回收率在94%～102%和96%～103%之间。     

土壤中铅的含量及其化学形态分析

对广州市黄埔港区所取土壤中铅的化学形态分析进行了研究。采用含不同组分提取剂的连续提取程序对1 g土壤进行提取,使之分成8种形态的铅,并用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)对每种提取所得的形态中的铅进行了测定。另在一份试样中直接测定其总铅量,对提取剂的组成及其溶液的浓度及提取操作条件进行了研究和优化,对FAAS测定方法的仪器工作条件作了说明。试验结果表明,所取试样中大部分铅以稳定的结合形态存在,以可交换态和碳酸盐结合态存在的铅仅达6%,总铅量随土壤深度的增加而减少。FAAS测定方法的灵敏度和检出限依次为0.007 mg.L-1及0.01 mg.L-1,分析和测定了4个试样中8种形态的铅量,其加和量为147.9 mg.kg-1,与直接测得的总铅量(159.9 mg.kg-1)之间的偏差小于10%。     

示波极谱同时测定金属锌中铅和镉

本文提出了在ＨＣｌ－Ｈ＿３ＰＯ＿４－ＫＣｌ底液中示波极谱同时测定金属锌中铅、镉含量的方法，检测下限铅为０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，镉为０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ铅、锡波形清晰，重视性好。试样中加标准回收，铅回收率为９９．２％～１００％，镉回收率为９５％～９８％，与标准方法比较，相对误差＜５％。方法准确、简便、快速，适用于金属锌中铅、镉的常规分析。     

土壤中铅、镉测定的试样预处理方法的改进

作为对GB/T 17140-1997中所列方法的改进,建议用混合酸(VHNO3 VH2O2 VHF=4 2 1)在微波消解仪中消解试样。微波消解的参数也进行了试验并确定了最佳条件,所得试样溶液蒸发至浆状并加盐酸溶解盐类,将试样中的Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)以碘化物络阴离子的形式萃取入4-甲基戊酮-2(MIBK)液层中,并在MIBK溶液中用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铅及镉。试验结果表明:经改进的方法不仅有较高的精密度和准确度,而且操作简便且快速,算得两元素测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=10)均小于5%。测定铅和镉的回收率分别为99.2%和96.4%。     

示波极谱同时测定金属锌中铜和镉

本文提出了在ＨＣｌ－Ｈ３ＰＯ４－ＫＣｌ底液中示波极谱同时测定金属锌中铅，镉含量的方法，检测下限铅为０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，镉为０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ，铅、锡波形清晰，重现性好，试样中回标准回收，铅回收率为９９．２％～１００％，镉回收率为９５％～９８％，与标准方法比较，相对误差〈５％，方法准确，简便，快速，适用于金属锌中铅，镉的常规分析。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定丹参及复方丹参注射液中微量元素

用硝酸高氯酸混酸(2．4：1)对丹参及复方丹参注射液进行消化处理，用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定处理溶液中的铜、镉、钙、铁、镁、镍、铅、锌、钴、锰等10种微量元素。回收率为97．0％～103．0％，相对标准偏差为1．8％～4．6％。结果表明，丹参及复方丹参注射液中对人体有益的元素如铁，镁，锌含量丰富，具有很大的使用价值。     

硝酸镍作基体改进剂用于石墨炉原子吸收法测定阳极泥中碲

Hamner用无火焰原子吸收法测定金属铬中银、铋、砷、锑、硒和碲时,用硝酸镍作基体改进剂,以避免被测元素在灰化阶段损失。本文在选定的条件下,考察了阳极泥试样中几种主要成分对碲的干扰,选用硝酸镍作基体改进剂,消除了4000倍量铅和1000倍量锡的干扰。试样分解后用标准加入法测定。仪器及工作条件使用配有HGA-400型石墨炉、AS-40型自动进样器和056型记录仪及PRS-10型打印机的P-E703型原子吸收分光光度计;标准石墨管和碲无极放电灯。波长214.3nm;灯用功率9瓦;分光带宽0.2nm;灰化温度1000℃,时间20秒;原子化温度2700℃.时间5秒;净化温度2700℃,时间3秒。干扰试验考察常见阳极泥试样中三种主成份铜、铅和锡对碲的影响表明,4000倍铜不影响碲的测     

Preconcentration and determination of cadmium by GFAAS after solid-phase extraction with synthetic zeolite.

The solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for the preconcentration of trace amounts of cadmium using synthetic zeolite A-4 and its determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was investigated. The preconcentration conditions, such as the optimum pH range of the sample solution for the adsorption of cadmium and the kind of acid solution for dissolving the cadmium-adsorbed synthetic zeolite A-4, as well as the measurement conditions for the determination of cadmium by GFAAS, e.g., the ashing and atomizing temperature, were investigated. Quantitative recovery of cadmium onto zeolite A-4 from the sample solution over the pH range 2.0 - 9.0 was achieved by the batch method. After the solid-phase (cadmium-adsorbed zeolite A-4) was separated from the sample solution by a membrane filter, it was dissolved in 2.0 cm(3) of 2.0 mol dm(-3) nitric acid. An aliquot of the resulting solution was injected into the graphite furnace. In GFAAS measurements an alternate gas (Ar, 90%; O(2), 10%) was used as a sheath gas, and the ashing temperature and atomizing temperature were 400 degrees C and 1600 degrees C, respectively. The detection limit (3 sigma) for cadmium was 0.002 microg dm(-3). The relative standard deviation at 0.010 microg dm(-3) was 3.5 - 4.5% (n = 5). The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of trace cadmium in environmental water samples.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定中药漏芦中微量铅

中药漏芦具有抑制动脉粥样硬化、抗脂质过氧化、减弱血小板聚集和提高免疫力等作用[1]。测定中药中微量元素的含量,对于探讨中药药理、提高药效和降低毒副作用有重要的意义[2,3]。铅是一种毒性元素,它在人体中具有累积性,通过肠胃道吸收,严重损害神经系统、造血系统和消化系统,从而导致肌体免疫力降低。本文选用磷酸氢二铵为基体改进剂,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法,对漏芦中Pb的含量进行了测定,考察了影响测定结果的主要因素。样品分析结果表明,本法简便、快速、灵敏、准确。1　实验部分1 1　仪器及工作条件180 80型原子吸收分光光度计、…     

正交试验法优选石墨炉测定大米中镉的实验条件

利用L16(45)正交试验设计,考察了石墨炉原子吸收法测定大米中镉的灰化温度、灰化时间、原子化温度、原子化时间.确定了最佳灰化温度为450℃、灰化时间为15s、原子化温度为1750℃、原子化时间为4s等仪器的最佳参数.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量镉的基体改进效应研究及其应用

研究了磷酸氢二钾对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量镉的基体改进效应,试验表明,在磷酸盐存在下,镉的灰化温度能显著提高,钾对镉有一定的增感效应。以此建立了用磷酸氢二钾作基体改进剂,直接测定岩石、土壤和水系沉积物中痕量镉的方法。     

Determination of metals in foods by atomic absorption spectrometry after dry ashing: NMKL Collaborative Study

A method for determination of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, and iron in foods by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) after dry ashing at 450 degrees C was collaboratively studied in 16 laboratories. The study was preceded by a practice round of familiarization samples and another round in which solutions were distributed and the metals were determined directly by AAS. The study included 5 different foods (liver paste, apple sauce, minced fish, wheat bran, and milk powder) and 2 simulated diets. A single analysis was carried out with each sample. Suitable sample combinations were used as split-level combinations for determination of the repeatability standard deviation. The reproducibility relative standard deviation for each of the elements ranged from 20 to 50% for lead concentrations of 0.040-0.25 mg/kg, from 12 to 352% for cadmium concentrations of 0.001-0.51 mg/kg, from 4 to 8% for zinc concentrations of 0.7-38 mg/kg, from 7 to 45% for copper concentrations of 0.51-45 mg/kg, and from 11 to 14% for iron concentrations of 4-216 mg/kg.     

Determination of cadmium and lead in urine and other biological samples by graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrometry

A method for determining cadmium and lead in urine and other biological samples by graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrometry is reported. Samples were analysed after wet or dry ashing and without extraction or matrix-modification techniques, in laminar-flow clean-room; negligible blank contributions were found. Matrix interference effects were observed only for lead and were resolved by the method of standard additions. Five NBS biological reference materials were used as internal quality-control standards. The urinary levels for non-exposed volunteers ranged from 0.16 +/- 0.01 to 1.65 +/- 0.20 and from 6 +/- 1 to 31 +/- 6 ng/ml for cadmium and lead, respectively; this corresponds to 0.15 +/- 0.02 to 2.01 +/- 0.16 and 7 +/- 1 to 31 +/- 3 mug/day. The average relative standard deviation for 60 urine samples was 10% for cadmium and 13% for lead.     

Comparison of dry and wet ashing procedures for cadmium and iron determination in biological material by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry

A possible loss of cadmium and iron from the sample during dry ashing of the kidney, liver or carcase was examined by the radioactive isotope labelling technique. Cadmium-115 m or iron-59 was administered to rats 4-7 days before the rats were killed and samples collected. Dry ashing in different types of dishes and wet digestion with nitric acid were compared. There was no loss of cadmium or iron by volatilization during dry ashing at 600 degrees or 450 degrees respectively, but a significant amount of iron was bound on glass or porcelain crucibles. Storage of ashed and dissolved samples (in 10 nitric acid) did not show any change of cadmium or iron concentration up to 9 days.     

微波灰化-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定原油和燃料油中的铅和砷

探讨了使用微波灰化技术消化原油和成品油样品,并使用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定其中铅和砷的含量.研究了铅测定的灰化保护剂和砷测定的灰化助剂,并优化了仪器工作条件和实验条件.该方法测定原油和重油中铅的平均回收率分别为96.8%和96.7%,相对标准偏差分别为1.03%和0.93%;测定原油和重油中砷的平均回收率分别为90.0%和90.3%,相对标准偏差分别为2.39%和2.63%.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中铅、镉含量

土壤样品经硝酸、氢氟酸和过氧化氢加热消解,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定其中铅和镉的含量。以磷酸铵作为基体改进剂,铅和镉的灰化温度分别为400℃,250℃,原子化温度分别为2 100℃,1 800℃。铅和镉的质量浓度分别在0.50～50.0,0.10～2.5μg.L-1范围内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限依次为6.5,0.4pg。应用此法分析了4个土壤标准样品,测定值与标准值相符,相对标准偏差(n=6)分别在1.5%～6.3%和2.3%～5.1%之间。铅、镉的加标回收率分别在85.4%～103.2%,91.5%～102.3%之间。