新型四肽亲水材料用于糖肽的高效富集

本研究采用原子转移自由聚合(Atom-transfer radical-polymerization, ATRP)法合成了一种新型四肽亲水作用色谱材料 (Poly-DAPD),用于糖肽的选择性富集.通过氮气吸脱附、热重分析和X射线光电子能谱等技术进行表征,结果表明,四肽已成功接枝到硅球上.固相萃取富集实验表明,合成的亲水材料对牛胎球蛋白(Fetuin)糖肽富集选择性高;与商品化ZIC-HILIC材料相比,Poly-DAPD材料富集掺有5摩尔倍数牛血清蛋白(BSA)的Fetuin样品时,在获得的糖肽数目及抗干扰性能方面都更具优势.此Poly-DAPD材料可进一步用于不同糖蛋白的糖基化分析研究.     

基于叠氮基-氰基点击化学的苯硼酸亲和硅胶的制备及其在糖蛋白/糖肽选择性富集中的应用

硼亲和色谱法在糖肽/糖蛋白选择性富集中的应用趋于成熟。硼酸亲和材料的选择性，生物相容性，制备过程是否简便均是开发新型苯硼酸功能化材料需要考虑的问题。该研究立足硼酸亲和材料开发的关键问题，设计并开发了一种新型苯硼酸亲和硅胶（TCNBA）。该材料采用基于叠氮基-氰基的无铜催化点击化学方法进行合成，生物相容性好，制备方法简便。红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱图表征结果证明材料合成成功。TCNBA的糖肽富集选择性利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）进行评价，结果表明，TCNBA能够分别从辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）和免疫球蛋白G（IgG）酶解液中鉴定出13个和11个糖肽；以HRP和牛血清白蛋白（BSA）酶解液混合物（物质的量比1：10）作为研究对象，富集后能够鉴定出5个糖肽。TCNBA的糖蛋白富集选择性利用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（SDS-PAGE）进行评价，以HRP、IgG、核糖核酸酶B（RNaseB）作为考察对象，结果表明，TCNBA对糖蛋白具有较好的富集选择性。以实际样品人血清为测试对象验证TCNBA在实际生物样品中的应用价值。结果显示，富集后非糖蛋白得到较大程度去除，糖蛋白得以富集。所制备的材料和方法具有大规模实际蛋白质样品分离处理的应用前景。     

一种弱阳离子交换材料的亲水模式糖肽富集新方法

亲水作用色谱(HILIC)材料在糖肽的富集与分离中得到越来越广泛的应用. 针对目前HILIC材料糖肽选择性不足的缺点, 发展新的糖肽富集方法十分必要. 本工作发展了一种商品化的弱阳离子交换材料(WCX)在亲水模式下对糖肽的富集方法. 首先考察了微固相萃取(SPE)模式下WCX上多肽保留的机理. 结果显示, WCX上糖肽的保留同时受乙腈含量和pH的影响. 将WCX用于牛胎球蛋白(fetuin)胰蛋白酶酶解液中糖肽的富集, 获得了39条糖肽信号. 当fetuin与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)酶解液以物质的量比1:5混合时, 富集到26条糖肽信号. 富集人免疫球蛋白(IgG)胰蛋白酶酶解液时获得25条糖肽信号, 1:5时获得23条糖肽信号. 实验说明WCX对唾液酸化和非唾液酸化糖肽的富集均有高选择性. 该方法拓展了WCX的应用范围, 丰富了HILIC材料的种类.     

氧化铝富集糖肽的研究

糖基化蛋白对于生命体的生长发育, 免疫调节, 细胞识别粘附等具有重要意义, 而异常的糖基化表达与风湿关节炎、肿瘤、阻塞性肺病等疾病密切相关. 因此糖蛋白结构检测对于研究生命活动至关重要. 由于在复杂样品中糖肽含量相对较少, 加之非糖肽的离子抑制作用, 使得糖肽的质谱检测有一定的挑战性. 因此发展一种有效富集糖肽的方法是必要的. 本实验中我们选用氧化铝对糖肽进行富集研究, 并考察了影响氧化铝保留多肽的机理. 我们利用氧化铝, 从HRP酶解液中共获得16个糖肽, 从IgG酶解液中共获得12个糖肽. 与直接检测样品酶解液和经商品化材料Sepharose富集后再检测相比, 检测到糖肽的个数增多. 实验数据证明氧化铝富集糖肽具有较好的选择性和覆盖率.     

基于膜超滤的糖肽富集新方法

建立了一种用于糖肽富集的新型超滤方法,采用截留相对分子质量为3 000 u的超滤膜,截取相对分子质量大于3 000 u的组分,同时完成糖肽的富集、样本的脱盐及浓缩,简化了操作过程并减少了样本损失.用4种标准蛋白酶切肽段混合物测试方法的有效性,结果表明,采用超滤方法富集后的样品可以多鉴定1个糖肽,且所有鉴定的糖肽丰度远高于未富集的样品.将该方法用于人血浆样本,血浆全酶切肽段的1个SCX组分用超滤法富集后,其鉴定的糖肽数量超过未富集组分的6倍,且糖肽富集的选择性大于85%.该方法为糖蛋白质组学的研究及糖相关生物标志物的开发提供了有力的技术支持.     

姜黄素-硅胶吸附剂的制备及其富集分离饮用水中痕量铁铜离子

制备了一种新型姜黄素修饰的硅胶吸附剂,并以它为固相萃取吸附剂富集、分离饮用水中痕量的Fe3+、Cu2+离子,ICP-AES法测定。同时采用静态吸附法研究了吸附剂对Fe3+、Cu2+的吸附条件:pH、振荡时间、吸附剂质量、洗脱条件和干扰离子等。该方法适用于自来水、河水及海水中痕量铁铜的测定。     

糖蛋白/糖肽的分离富集方法*

蛋白质糖基化是一种重要的翻译后修饰,糖基化对蛋白质的结构和功能有着重要的影响。目前,作为蛋白质组学的一个组成部分,糖蛋白质组学是备受关注的研究热点。而从复杂的生物样品体系中富集糖蛋白/ 糖肽是蛋白质糖基化研究的重点和难点,本文就糖蛋白/糖肽分离富集方法的研究进展和应用作了简要概述。这些方法包括常用的凝集素亲和法、硼酸法、肼化学法和亲水作用法,还包括分子筛法、强阳离子交换法等新方法。     

两性离子双功能化超亲水金属有机框架纳米复合材料的制备及其用于糖肽的选择性富集

蛋白糖基化是生物体中普遍发生且重要的生物学过程,其参与多种分子生物学的功能和途径,是临床诊断重要的生物标志物.但是,糖肽因其丰度低、离子化效率低、糖链异质性等难点,使糖蛋白分析一直面临巨大的挑战.因此,研究合成了一种新型的两性离子双功能化纳米金(AuGC)修饰的超亲水性沸石咪唑骨架(ZIF-8)纳米复合材料(AuGC/...     

氧化石墨烯固定化凝集素的制备及在糖蛋白/糖肽富集中的应用

生物体内蛋白质的糖基化修饰调控着细胞识别、细胞黏附和迁移以及免疫应答等多种生理过程,并与多种人类重大疾病的发生、发展密切相关。因此对蛋白质糖基化修饰的鉴定,不仅能够为生物学机理研究提供重要信息,对疾病诊断标志物和治疗靶标的发现也至关重要。然而在复杂生物体系中,大多数糖蛋白为低丰度蛋白质,其含量与现有质谱仪器的检测灵敏度之间存在较大差距,所以对含有不同糖型结构的糖蛋白进行全面/高效的富集,是实现高灵敏度糖蛋白鉴定的必由之路。凝集素富集作为一种有效的糖蛋白富集方法,已在糖蛋白质组学研究中得到了广泛的应用。针对现有凝集素功能化材料存在负载量偏低以及富集效率有限等问题,我们制备了两种以氧化石墨烯(GO)为载体的新型固定化凝集素,利用GO比表面积大,功能基团含量高,分散性、化学稳定性好等特点,实现了高负载量的凝集素固定(GO-ConA 2.073 mg/mg, RSD=1.0%; GO-WGA 1.908 mg/mg, RSD=0.14%)。同时考察了材料的可重复使用性与稳定性:每隔3天测一次同一GO-lectin材料对对应糖蛋白的富集效果,可以看出材料合成两周内富集效果都>200 μg/mg。将该GO-lectin成功应用于糖蛋白、糖肽的选择性富集,在糖蛋白质组学研究中体现出良好的应用潜力。     

Preparation of chitosan functionalized monolithic silica column for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography

A novel cationic hydrophilic interaction monolithic stationary phase based on the chemical modification of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH) to the monolithic silica skeleton using carbodiimide as an activation reagent was prepared for performing capillary liquid chromatography. The amino and hydroxy moieties of CMCH functioned as both the ion-exchange sites and polar providers. The performance of the column was studied by the separation of polar acidic compounds. The chitosan functionalized monolithic silica column showed good selectivity for nucleosides, nucleotides, aromatic acids and aliphatic acids. The mechanism for the separation of these compounds was also studied. The results showed that these compounds were separated primarily based on the hydrophilic interaction mechanism.     

Click novel glycosyl amino acid hydrophilic interaction chromatography stationary phase and its application in enrichment of glycopeptides

A novel glycosyl amino acid hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) stationary phase was prepared via click chemistry. The key intermediate N₃-glycosyl d-phenylglycine was prepared by a three steps procedure, including selective condensation of amino glucose with N-succinimidyl ester of Boc-d-phenylglycine, deprotection and transformation of amino group to azido group. The structure of all the intermediates and functionalized silica beads were confirmed by ¹H NMR, IR, elemental analysis and ¹³C CP-MAS. The chromatography test showed that this new type of separation material possessed good HILIC properties and glycopeptide enrichment characteristics. Nucleosides and bases could be separated in a simple eluent composition (only acetonitrile in combined with water), and with the same condition, these model compounds could not be separated on the commercial HILIC column (Atlantis). Click glycosyl amino acid thus prepared also showed longer retention and better separation ability in the separation of polar organic acids.     

Selective enrichment of N‐linked glycopeptides and glycans by using a dextran‐modified hydrophilic material

Glycosylation analysis of proteins from biological sources utilizing mass spectrometry based approaches is challenging due to the relatively low abundance of glycopeptides, the structural diversity of glycans, and the coexisting matrices. In this study, a customized dextran‐bonded silica‐based stationary phase was introduced for selective enrichment of glycopeptides and glycans from complex biological samples. This material has exhibited superior selectivity and broader glycosylation site coverage over commercial Sepharose in glycoproteomic evaluation. Additionally, the glycomic analysis of fetuin, α₁‐acid glycoprotein, and human serum N‐glycome also indicated the relatively higher sensitivity, selectivity, and glycoform coverage of dextran‐bonded silica than that of Sepharose and porous graphitized carbon. Therefore, the dextran‐bonded silica is expected to make contributions in the fields of glycoproteomics and glycomics.     

Hybrid carbon nanoparticles modified core–shell silica: A high efficiency carbon-based phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is a fast growing separation technique for hydrophilic and polar analytes. In this work, we combine the unique selectivity of carbon surfaces with the high efficiency of core–shell silica. First, 5 μm core–shell silica is electrostatically coated with 105 nm cationic latex bearing quaternary ammonium groups. Then 50 nm anionic carbon nanoparticles are anchored onto the surface of the latex coated core–shell silica particles to produce a hybrid carbon–silica phase. The hybrid phase shows different selectivity than ten previously classified HILIC column chemistries and 36 stationary phases. The hybrid HILIC phase has shape selectivity for positional isomeric pairs (phthalic/isophthalic and 1-naphthoic/2-naphthoic acids). Fast and high efficiency HILIC separations of biologically important carboxylates, phenols and pharmaceuticals are reported with efficiencies up to 85,000 plates m⁻¹. Reduced plate height of 1.9 (95,000 plates m⁻¹) can be achieved. The hybrid phase is stable for at least 3 months of usage and storage under typical HILIC eluents.     

Preparation of a sorbitol methacrylate grafted silica as stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography

A new highly hydrophilic stationary phase based on graft polymerization of sorbitol methacrylate from the surface of Kromasil silica particles is described. Polymerization was initiated by thermal cleavage of tert-butyl hydroperoxide covalently attached to the silica particle surface. Due to the highly amphiphilic properties of the monomer, an extensive search was needed to find solvent conditions that enabled surface-initiated polymerization. This was finally solved by using a mixture of solvents that only partially dissolved the monomer. The graft polymerization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The resulting stationary phase was evaluated by HPLC and exhibited a selectivity markedly different from that of commercially available columns and of neat silica.     

木糖醇和麦芽糖醇型亲水作用色谱固定相的制备及其分离性能的评价

利用-NCO和-OH的加成反应,通过简单的两步反应将木糖醇和麦芽糖醇成功地键合于硅胶表面,制备了两种新型糖醇类亲水作用色谱固定相。流动相中乙腈含量对保留的影响曲线表明,这两种糖醇固定相具有典型的亲水作用色谱固定相性质,对极性和亲水性化合物有很强的保留作用。利用这两种固定相成功分离了水溶性维生素、水杨酸及其类似物、碱基及其相应的核苷和淫羊藿苷类似物等模型混合物,同时糖醇固定相展现了新颖的选择性,特别是相对于线形的木糖醇键合固定相,非线形的麦芽糖醇键合固定相表现出了对糖基的独特保留能力。此外,缓冲盐的pH和浓度对保留的影响表明静电作用在这两种糖醇固定相的保留机理中也发挥着一定的作用。本文所发展的糖醇类固定相具有良好的分离性能,有望在亲水作用色谱分离领域发挥潜在的应用价值。     

Bi-amino acid functionalized biomimetic honeycomb chitosan membrane as a multifunctional hydrophilic probe for specific capture of N-linked glycopeptides in nasopharyngeal carcinoma's disease patient's serum

In this work, a novel porous bifunctionalized composite material was synthesized via a simple method. Gold nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the biomimetic honeycomb chitosan membrane through the interaction between amino and Au, and then cysteine and glutathione are successfully grafted onto the surface of the Au by the Au-S bond. The modification of cysteine and glutathione makes this bifunctionalized composite material have significant advantages of superhydrophilicity and small steric hindrance simultaneously. This material manifests excellent property in glycopeptides enrichment, with high selectivity (1:5000), low detection limit (0.1 fmol·μL^–1), high recovery rate (99.4 ± 0.5%), and good repeatability. In addition, with the help of nano-flow liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, this composite achieved excellent performance in efficiently enriching glycopeptides in the serum of healthy people and nasopharyngeal carcinoma's disease patient. More excitingly, further gene ontology analysis of molecular function and biological process indicated that 41 original glycoproteins of the identified glycopeptides from serum of nasopharyngeal carcinoma's disease patient significantly partake in numerous cancer-associated events, including protease binding, calcium ion binding, enzyme binding, extracellular matrix organization, cellular response to tumor necrosis factor, and inflammatory response.     

Silica modified with a thiourea derivative as a new stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography

Nowadays there are limited types of commercially available stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and therefore new ones with unique selectivity are urgently in demand to meet the need of separations of various polar and hydrophilic analytes. The present study describes the preparation and evaluation of a new stationary phase based on thiourea derivative modified silica for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Thiourea derivative was bonded onto the surface of silica particles via a mild addition reaction between –NH₂ and –SCN, and the result of elemental analysis together with infrared analysis and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy proved that the synthesis method was feasible. The new stationary phase succeeded in fast separations of a wide range of polar and hydrophilic analytes and exhibited excellent separation performance, especially unique selectivity. Furthermore, the effects of water content, buffer pH, and salt concentration on retention indicated that a complicated separation mechanism rather than partitioning was involved in the stationary phase and hydrogen bonding interaction between analytes and thiourea functional group could play a very important role in its selectivity. For sure, the new stationary phase is of a great potential as a new type of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic stationary phase.     

杂化硅胶整体材料研磨法制备混合型高效液相色谱固定相

以聚乙二醇（PEG）为致孔剂，四甲氧基硅烷（TMOS）和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷（VTMS）为杂化硅胶前驱体，在乙酸催化作用下使硅烷发生水解，在尿素加热分解提供的碱性环境下水解的硅烷进一步缩聚得到杂化硅胶整体材料。将此整体材料用球磨机研磨，然后用三羟甲基氨基甲烷处理，并洗涤干燥得到粒径为3 μm左右的硅胶颗粒。探索了不同反应条件对硅胶颗粒的大小、比表面积和孔径、表面形貌和分散性的影响；当TMOS和VTMS体积比为3：1时可以得到孔径为7.5 nm和比表面积为245 m²/g的硅胶颗粒。通过对所制得的硅胶颗粒表面进行C18（十八烷基二甲基氯硅烷）键合修饰和巯基-烯点击反应，得到混合型高效液相色谱固定相。对此固定相的测试结果表明以上硅胶色谱填料的制备方法具有一定的实用性。     

Preparation of pH-responsive stationary phase for reversed-phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography

Novel pH-responsive polymer-grafted silica was successfully synthesized through the radical "grafting from" polymerization on azo initiator-immobilized silica. The immobilization of azo initiator onto the silica surface was achieved by the reaction of surface amino groups with 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid chloride). The polymer-grafted silica was prepared by stirring suspension of the azo initiator-immobilized silica in anhydrous dioxane containing acrylic acid (AAc) and butyl acrylate (BA). The resulting polymer-grafted silica was demonstrated to be pH responsive to hydrophobic/hydrophilic property by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). In RPLC mode, the retention of aromatic compounds decreased with the increase in the pH of mobile phase. However, the opposite result was obtained in HILIC mode; the retention of soybean isoflavones was stronger with the mobile phase at higher pH. Finally, the separations of sulfonamides and soybean isoflavones were carried out in RPLC mode and the separation of some nucleotides was achieved in HILIC mode.