液液萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法分析海水中的短裸甲藻毒素

建立了基于液液萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法定量分析海水中3种短裸甲藻毒素(BTX-1、BTX-2、BTX-3)。利用液相色谱-串联质谱的高灵敏度,将海水的分析体积减至20 mL;通过响应面优化确定了海水中短裸甲藻毒素的最佳提取条件:加6 g氯化钠,旋涡时间60 s,用5 mL乙酸乙酯提取2次。3种短裸甲藻毒素的线性范围为1～200μg/L,其检出限均为0.02μg/L,定量下限均为0.05μg/L,平均回收率为95.4%～104%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%～5.3%,日间RSD为3.0%～4.5%。方法降低了样品的分析体积,提高了前处理效率,且时效性和适用性强,实现了污染海水中短裸甲藻毒素的高效率痕量分析。     

UPLC-MS/MS测定海水、悬浮颗粒物及沉积物中18种藻毒素

采用固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）同时检测18种海洋藻毒素,包括原多甲藻酸贝类毒素（AZAs）、裸藻毒素（BTXs）、太平洋雪卡毒素（P-CTXs）、鳍藻毒素（DTXs）、米氏裸甲藻贝类毒素（GYM）、刺尾鱼素（MTX3）、大田软骨酸毒素（OA）、扇贝毒素（PTX2）、螺环内酯毒素（SPX1）及虾夷扇贝毒素（YTXs）。海水（1 L）或悬浮颗粒物及沉积物（1 g）的超声萃取液经Agilent Bond Elut C18(500 mg/6mL)固相萃取柱净化萃取后,在洗脱液中加入10%丙三醇-甲醇溶液以减少目标物损失。以95%乙腈水和水（两相均含有0.1%甲酸和2 mmol/L甲酸铵）为流动相,目标物经Phenomenex Kinetex C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1mm i. d.,1.7μm）分离,采用电喷雾串联质谱多反应监测模式下正、负离子同时检测,外标法定量。18种藻毒素在6 min内分离良好,在线性范围内的相关系数为0.991 1～0.999 9,定量下限为0.05～250 pg/L（或pg/g）。三水平六平行的加标回收率为77.4%～119...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产中10种麻痹性贝类毒素

建立超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定贝类中麻痹性贝类毒素的方法。样品经0.5%甲酸加热提取,石墨化炭黑固相萃取柱净化后,用超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定。采用TSK–Gel Amide–80色谱柱(150mm×2.0mm,5μm),以水溶液(含2mmol/L甲酸铵,50mmol/L甲酸)A,95%乙腈水溶液(含2mmol/L甲酸铵,50 mmol/L甲酸)B为流动相,梯度洗脱,流量为0.3 mL/min,进样体积为10μL,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。藤沟藻毒素3、4(GTX3、GTX4)、脱氧藤沟藻毒素3(dcGTX3)的检出限为8μg/kg,藤沟藻毒素5(GTX5)、新石房蛤毒素(neoSTX)、石房蛤毒素(STX)、脱氧甲酰基类毒素(dcSTX)的检出限为20μg/kg,藤沟藻毒素1,2(GTX1,GTX2)的检出限为24μg/kg,脱氧藤沟藻毒素2(dcGTX2)的检出限为28μg/kg。GTX3,dcGTX3,GTX4的线性范围为4～80μg/L,GTX5,neoSTX,STX, deSTX的线性范围为10～200μg/L,GTX1的线性范围为12～240μg/L,GTX2的线性范围为11～220μg/L,dcGTX2的线性范围为14～280μg/L,线性相关系数均大于0.99,平均回收率为82.5%～115.1%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.6%～7.5%(n=6)。该方法检出限低,精确度高,适用于水产品中麻痹性贝类毒素的检测。     

石墨烯-管尖固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定贝类中3种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素

本实验以石墨烯为吸附剂,制作了石墨烯-管尖固相萃取装置,结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)技术,建立了一种同时测定贝类中3种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素的分析方法。样品采用90%的甲醇提取,正己烷去脂,乙酸乙酯反萃取,石墨烯-管尖固相萃取净化,Kinetex XB-C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)分离,在电喷雾正离子模式下,以选择反应监测方式测定,外标法定量。结果表明,贝类中3种原多甲藻酸毒素在1.0～100μg/kg的范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99,定量限(LOQ)均为1.0μg/kg;在1.0μg/kg、5.0μg/kg和50μg/kg 3个加标水平的添加下,回收率在78.5%～102%之间,相对标准偏差小于15%。该方法具有灵敏、简单、快速等特点,适用于贝类水产品中3种原多甲藻酸毒素的分析检测。     

红枣中4种链格孢菌毒素的检测及风险评估

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速检测红枣中链格孢菌代谢产生的细交链格孢菌酮酸(TEA)、链格孢酚(AOH)、交链格孢酚单甲醚(AME)和腾毒素(TEN) 4种链格孢菌毒素的方法。采用2. 0%甲酸-乙腈溶液超声提取,辅以0. 2 g Na Cl盐析,使用BEH C18色谱柱在6 min内快速分离毒素,并采用多反应监测模式(MRM)检测红枣中的4种链格孢菌毒素。除了链格孢酚的线性范围为1. 0～100μg/L外,其他3种毒素的线性范围均为10～1 000μg/L,线性关系(r2)均大于0. 990,检出限为0. 5～12. 4μg/kg。4种毒素在空白基质中的加标回收率为92. 8%～116%,相对标准偏差为0. 5%～11. 2%,可满足红枣中链格孢菌毒素的检测要求。运用毒理学软件理论计算得到成年人对4种毒素的允许每日暴露量(PDE)为19. 30～25. 65μg/d。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定双壳类水产品中原多甲藻酸类贝类毒素

建立了双壳类水产品中原多甲藻酸贝类毒素Azaspiracid 1(AZA1)、Azaspiracid 2(AZA2)和Azaspir-acid 3(AZA3)的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱检测方法。选用具有基质代表性的扇贝、牡蛎和杂色蛤为研究对象,样品经80%甲醇-水混合溶液提取,正己烷脱脂、氯仿反提萃取并旋转蒸发浓缩后,MAX混合型阴离子交换反相吸附固相萃取柱净化,Luna C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.0 mm,5μm,Phenomenex公司)反相液相色谱法分离,乙腈和0.1%甲酸溶液组成的流动相梯度洗脱,正离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式下电喷雾串联质谱法测定和确证,外标法定量。结果表明,3种原多甲藻酸类贝类毒素均在4 min内出峰,检出限均为1.5μg/kg,在0.3～30μg/L范围内线性良好,平均回收率大于80%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于12%(n=6)。     

高效液相色谱/四极杆-飞行时间质谱测定神经性贝毒

采用高效液相色谱/四极杆 飞行时间质谱(HPLC/Q TOFMS)联用技术对贝类样品中的短裸甲藻毒素 PbTx-2 进行了检测研究。样品经丙酮提取、C18小柱净化后,用Zorbax XDB C18色谱柱(2.1 mm i.d.×150 mm,3.5 μ m)进行分离,流动相为甲醇 水(体积比为85∶15)溶液(含0.5 mmol/L NH4Ac),流速0.20 mL/min 。电喷雾正离子模式,选择质子化PbTx 2分子离子 ［M+H］ +作为前体离子进行TOFMS扫描、测定。结果表明,样品的平均加标     

液相色谱-高分辨质谱测定贝类中的4种贝毒素及16种兽药残留

建立了贝类组织中米氏裸甲藻贝毒素(Gymnodimine,GYM)、螺环内酯毒素(Spirolides,SPX1)、大田软骨酸贝毒素(Okadaic acid,OA-C)、蛤毒素(Pectenotoxins,PTX2)4种腹泻性贝类毒素、氯霉素、氟甲砜霉素以及14种磺胺类药物的液相色谱-高分辨质谱分析方法。样品采用甲醇提取,正己烷去除脂肪,乙酸乙酯反萃取,ODS粉分散固相萃取净化,经Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,高分辨质谱仪进行检测。结果表明,各化合物在一定的质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.99。GYM,SPX1,OA-C,PTX2 4种腹泻性贝类毒素的定量下限分别为0.5,0.1,2.0,0.5μg/kg,各化合物在低、中、高3个浓度加标水平下的回收率为70.1%~105.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为10.1%~14.8%。该方法具有简单、快速、灵敏等特点,能满足贝类产品中贝类毒素、抗生素的检测要求。     

UPLC-DAD法同时测定预调鸡尾酒中24种水溶性合成色素

建立了预调鸡尾酒中24种水溶性合成色素的超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(UPLC-DAD)分析方法,对流动相、色谱柱、洗脱梯度等色谱条件进行了优化,确定最佳分离条件为:Waters BEH C18色谱柱(2. 1 mm×50 mm,1. 7μm),流动相为10 mmol/L乙酸铵(pH 6. 25)和甲醇-乙腈(2∶8,体积比),采用梯度洗脱,在16 min内实现24种色素的快速分离。24种色素在0. 01～50. 0 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(r~2 0. 998 0),方法检出限为0. 66～27. 78μg/L,定量下限为2. 19～92. 59μg/L;日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为0. 04%～5. 3%,日间RSD为0. 08%～6. 4%;回收率为53. 4%～114%。该方法具有所测色素种类多、分析时间短、检出限低等优势,已成功应用于市售预调鸡尾酒样品的检测。     

QuEChERS-液相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定贝类中6种亲脂性贝类毒素

2.00g牡蛎样品经甲醇提取2次(每次10mL),在合并的上清液中加入1g硫酸镁除水和150mg C_(18)固相萃取剂净化。采用QuEChERS-液相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定样品溶液中6种亲脂性贝类毒素的含量,以Hypersil GOLD C_(18)色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的乙腈和含0.2%(体积分数)甲酸的2mmol·L~(-1)甲酸铵溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,高分辨质谱分析中采用电喷雾离子源和一级全扫描、数据依赖二级扫描模式。6种亲脂性贝类毒素的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.2～0.8μg·kg~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为0.6～2.8μg·kg~(-1)。以空白牡蛎样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为81.1%～108%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.8%～12%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.