火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地表水和废水中钴

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地表水和废水中钴的含量。对不同种类样品的前处理方法进行了详细的叙述,并对仪器工作条件进行了优化。方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.01 mg.L-1。该法用于水样分析,加标回收率为86%~104%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.3%~16%。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定环境水样中痕量镉

采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法对环境水样中痕量镉进行测定。对分析的条件进行了试验并予以优化。在0.12 mol.L-1盐酸介质中,以1 mg.L-1钴溶液为信号增感剂,10 g.L-1硫脲溶液作为络合剂,当硼氢化钾质量浓度为30 g.L-1时,镉质量浓度在6.0μg.L-1以内与荧光强度值呈线性关系。对空白溶液进行11次测定,其方法检出限(3s/k)为0.18μg.L-1。此方法应用于环境水样的分析,并在此样品基础上,用标准加入法对方法作回收试验,测得平均回收率为96.3%及101.7%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定工业废水中铅、镉、铬和砷

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法同时测定工业废水中铅、镉、铬和砷。对仪器的工作参数和被测元素的分析谱线进行了优化和选择。方法的检出限依次为0.008,0.002,0.007,0.015 mg.L-1。在质量浓度为0.489 mg.L-1(Pb),0.086 6 mg.L-1(Cd),0.231 mg.L-1(Cr)及0.395 mg.L-1(As)的水平上按试验方法测定8次,作了精密度试验,测得相对标准偏差值依次为1.71%,1.22%,0.95%及1.40%。在两个废水样品的基础上作了加标回收试验,所得结果在95.4%~104.6%之间。     

流动注射化学发光法测定水中焦性没食子酸

在0.05 m01·L-1氢氧化钠溶液中,高碘酸钾与鲁米诺产生化学发光,焦性没食子酸对该发光有显著的增强作用.基于此,并结合流动注射技术,提出了在水样中测定焦性没食子酸的方法.在选定的条件下,化学发光信号的增加值与焦性没食子酸质量浓度之间在1.0～,100 μg·L-1及0.1～2.0 mg·L-1叫之间呈线性关系,该方法的检出限为0.78μg·L-1(30);对10μg·L-1焦性没食子酸平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差为3.9%.该方法已应用于工业废水和环境水样中焦性没食子酸的测定,并用标准加入法作了回收试验,测得回收率在95.7%～104.1%之间.     

硅藻土吸附在线柱富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中痕量铜

提出了硅藻土吸附在线柱富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中痕量铜的方法。利用硅藻土对环境水样中痕量铜在线预富集,浓集因子达到27.6,使火焰原子吸收光谱法的检测能力达到测定环境水样中痕量铜的要求。方法检出限为0.32μg.L-1,RSD(20μg.L-1)为3.52%,加标回收率为97.0%~105.0%。     

紫外分光光度法直接测定硝酸根含量的波长优化选择

在应用紫外分光光度法测定水样中硝酸根离子(即Cawse法)时,发现采用200 nm作为测定波长,与原方法中用210 nm相比较,不仅提高了方法的灵敏度和准确度,而且改善了选择性.据此,作为对Cawse法的一点改进,选择200 nm作为测定波长.在此条件下,求得方法的线性回归方程为y=0.006 6 0.715 5 x(r=0.999 8),由此可得其线性范围为0.05～3.00 mg·L-1,其摩尔吸光率为1.02×104L·mol-1·cm-1.在测定不同的水样中硝酸根含量时允许小于1.0 mg·L-1亚硝酸根和小于200 mg·L-1氯离子共存.     

采用纳氏试剂分光光度法监测地表水氨氮时样品预处理方法改进

采用HJ535-2009《水质氨氮的测定纳氏试试剂分光光度法》测定水样氨氮时,当水样浑浊或有颜色时用蒸馏法对样品进行预处理,但该处理方法测定结果偏低,远远超出误差允许范围。提出以0.45μm滤膜过滤样品后进行测定,并在比色过程用过滤水样作色度校准。方法改进后对标准样品进行测定,测定结果与标准值相一致。采用改进后的方法对实际样品进行测定,加标回收率为96.7%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.60%(n=6)。该法测试数据稳定、结果可靠,适合于汛期地表水中氨氮的测定。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水中苯氯乙酮

采用固相萃取(SPE)法,从生物水样中提取目标化合物,应用毛细管气相色谱法进行测定,外标法定量.结果表明:方法的检出限为0.05 mg·L-1,加标回收率为94%～97%,测定的相对标准偏差(n＝6)小于3.0%.方法已用于生物水样中痕量苯氯乙酮的测定.     

纳米二氧化铈分离富集-分光光度法测定环境水样中铬(Ⅵ)量

提出了纳米二氧化铈吸附富集痕量铬,2mol.L-1氢氧化钠溶液作洗脱剂洗脱,用二苯卡巴肼分光光度法测定环境水样中铬(Ⅵ)含量的方法。在pH 4.0的介质中、吸附时间为40min、吸附剂用量为20mg时,纳米二氧化铈对铬(Ⅵ)的吸附容量为696μg.g-1。铬(Ⅵ)与二苯卡巴肼络合物的最大吸收波长为540nm,其质量浓度在0.012～1.2mg.L-1之间呈线性,检出限(3σ)为0.01mg.L-1。方法用于环境水样中铬的测定,加标回收率为99.4%。     

改进的重铬酸盐法测定水和废水中化学需氧量

对重铬酸盐法测定水和废水中化学需氧量的国家标准方法作了改进。改进方法较原方法的取样量由20.00mL减少为10.00mL,氯离子掩蔽剂硫酸汞由固体改为溶液;改进方法受氯离子干扰的程度与国标方法相似,当氯离子质量浓度小于1 000mg·L-1时对测定结果无影响。改进方法的检出限为3 mg·L-1,对标准物质和标准溶液进行测定,测定结果的相对误差在0.96%~2.70%之间,标准偏差在0.80~5.6 mg·L-1之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.80%~5.9%之间。方法应用于水样的测定,测定值与国标法测定值相符,测定值的标准偏差在0.94~20.5mg·L-1之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.53%~11%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.