基于等离子体的定向天线阵理论与实验研究

当前国内学者对等离子体天线的研究主要集中于柱状天线和反射面天线, 而在国外已有学者以等离子体阵列结构设计了功能多样的智能天线系统. 为了较系统地了解这一新的设计思路, 基于等离子体散射理论对中心单元激励的圆形定向天线阵进行了理论和实验研究. 设计了一个16元等离子体无源振子的圆形天线阵, 实现了天线电磁波单波束和多波束的定向辐射. 通过理论计算和分析, 阐述了天线电磁波单波束和多波束辐射的原理. 通过建立实验系统, 测试了圆形天线阵的定向辐射特性. 实验结果和理论值接近, 说明该等离子体圆形天线阵可以实现天线电磁波的定向辐射和多波束辐射. 另外, 该天线阵还具有快速切换辐射方向、参数快速重构、雷达隐身性良好的优点. 关键词： 等离子体 定向天线阵 单波束 多波束     

基于亚波长步进光延时线的雷达宽带波束形成技术

利用光延时技术抑制宽带相控阵雷达的波束色散,光延时量的离散特性会引入波束指向偏差.通过线性相位拟合法分析了最小延时改变对阵面等效相位分布的影响,建立了延时线步进与雷达波束指向偏差间关系的理论模型,得到波束指向偏差与延时步进成正比,与阵元间距、阵元数平方和波束指向的余弦值成反比.通过仿真和实测数据验证了该技术的可行性.实...     

基于微光学元件堆栈集成技术的收发一体化宽带光控相控阵天线

设计了一种收发一体化的光控相控阵天线系统.该系统中,采用基于微光学元件堆栈集成技术实现真时延的产生.天线系统通过光域内的延迟控制实现微波射频域的波束控制.对系统接收模式状态进行实验验证,±10.6°、±30.8°波束指向的暗室实验结果表明,在2~6GHz宽带微波信号下,±10.6°指向角的最大指向角误差为3.1°,±30.8°指向角的最大指向角误差为1.2°.相控阵天线系统在2GHz频点动态范围约为71dB左右.该光控相控阵系统能够实现与宽带射频信号频率无关的波束指向及一维平面内方位向运动物体的跟踪.     

相控阵天线电磁发射特性的统计分析

相控阵天线波束指向高度动态变化,其电磁发射特性呈现出显著的统计规律,分析和测试所需的资源巨大。采用多项式混沌展开（PCE）探究二维平面相控阵天线发射特性的统计特性,根据方向图乘积定理等确定代表相控阵天线电磁发射特性的目标函数,利用PCE建立目标函数的等效代理模型。从理想点源构成的相控阵天线着手,分别考虑了主波束指向服从均匀分布和正态分布两种典型情况,通过计算机仿真模拟得到等效代理模型的概率密度函数和累积分布函数,并使用传统的蒙特卡罗方法结果作为参照来评估PCE方法的有效性和可靠性,最后对小型偶极子相控阵天线的波束指向服从两种典型分布的情况进行讨论。仿真对比结果表明,PCE方法在保证结果准确度的同时可以大大减少采样样本点数目,大幅提升相控阵天线电磁发射特性分析和测试的效率。     

相控阵天线主控系统中实时数据交互

波束控制系统是高功率相控阵天线的神经中枢,负责天线阵面中所有单元相位的精确控制和状态监测任务。为实现天线阵面的快速、精确波束转换,采用分布式拓扑结构和嵌入式实时操作系统,设计了两级分布式波束控制方案,开发了基于VxWorks的相控阵天线主控系统。通过UDP协议实现主控系统与其他系统的多节点网络通讯;针对高速、实时通讯需求,利用VxWorks多任务编程接口,设计了一种基于双缓冲队列的Socket通讯方法;为使通讯被各方正确解析,制定了自定义的应用层协议。基于VxWorks的相控阵天线主控系统的开发应用,验证了方案的可行性以及控制软件的可靠性和稳定性。     

光纤延迟线在雷达信号处理中的应用

介绍了光纤延迟线的原理和结构。详细阐述了它在雷达信号处理中的应用,包括频谱分析、雷达目标仿真、相关处理以及相控阵雷达波束的形成与控制。简介了光纤延迟线未来的发展。结果是,在相控阵雷达方面,为提高抗干扰能力、分辨力以及雷达对多目标成像的能力,都要求大的瞬时信号带宽,而光纤延迟线相移器是一个很好的解决方案。     

基于啁啾光纤光栅时分延时的相控阵波束形成

利用脉冲调制雷达信号的间歇性工作特点,不同波长的激光与雷达信号进行时分调制。啁啾光纤光栅将已调制射频信号的一串光脉冲序列进行反射延时,不同波长的激光序列在不同位置反射后产生不同时延。对载波频率等于4GHz的脉冲雷达信号进行实验测量,结果表明4个阵元的延时值与波束指向的理论延迟值一致,满足系统设计要求。     

时域实现结构球面阵的最差性能优化稳健宽带波束形成器设计

针对球面阵模态域波束形成器对传声器失配误差敏感的问题,研究了时域实现结构球面阵的最差性能优化稳健宽带波束形成器设计。揭示了波束响应误差上界的保守性是影响现有最差性能优化方法性能的主要原因,进而提出了一种波束响应误差上界更为紧凑的优化设计方法。理论分析表明,与现有最差性能优化方法相比,所提出方法的代价函数更小、且可行解的范围也更大。针对最差性能优化设计方法存在的波束指向上阵列响应随频率变化波动偏大而引起信号失真的问题,还给出了一种减小波束图在指向方向上受信号频率影响的约束方法。仿真分析结果表明:在相同传声器失配误差条件下,所提出的设计方法要优于现有方法,得到的波束图具有更低的旁瓣级。      

分布反馈式光纤激光水听器拖曳线列阵实验研究

为了进一步增大光纤拖曳阵的探测距离,研制了缆径为16mm的32元分布反馈式光纤激光水听器拖曳线列阵.阵元在10~2 000Hz频率范围内的平均声压灵敏度为-142.7dB(re 1rad/μPa),波动幅度小于±2dB.基于声光调制器的时分、波分联合复用技术实现了32元光纤激光水听器的多路复用,各个阵元之间以及各个通道之间的串扰均小于-40dB,并完成了静态和动态拖曳湖上实验.实验结果表明,研制的32元分布反馈式光纤激光水听器拖曳线列阵无论是在静态,还是在6~16节的动态拖曳状态,都能对目标形成稳定的波束指向,与GPS轨迹记录完全一致,展现了分布反馈式光纤激光水听器拖曳线列阵在工程上的应用前景.     

基于FPGA的DBF多波束中频接收系统的设计与实现

数字波束形成(DBF)阵列能够充分利用阵列天线所获取的空间信息,通过信号处理技术使波束获得超分辨率和低旁瓣的性能,它由天线阵元、射频下变频模块、AD采样、中频接收系统及上位机控制器组成。对中频接收系统进行数字波束形成的具体方案进行讨论,对多路接收和AD量化一致性造成的各通道间失配提出了幅相校正的解决方案,详细分析了研制中的关键技术。实验结果表明所设计的DBF多波束中频接收系统可有效实现通道间失配的校正,并实现精确的波束赋形功能。     

Demonstration of high extinction ratio modal interference in a two-mode fiber and its applications for all-fiber comb filter and high-temperature sensor

We show that high extinction ratio (>20 dB) modal interference in a two-mode dispersion compensating fiber can be utilized to build a compact, easy-to-fabricate tunable all-fiber optical comb filter. Wavelength tunability over the full free spectral range of the comb filter is demonstrated with an electrical power of 115mW using an on-fiber thin film micro-heater deposited directly on the fiber. In another configuration, the comb filter is used as a temperature sensor with dynamic range of >300 °C and sensitivity of <0.1 °C. The temperature sensor is capable of measuring a temperature as high as 500 °C.     

Experimental measurement and analysis of the optical trapping force acting on a yeast cell with a lensed optical fiber probe

Based on an optical trapping system with a single-lensed fiber probe inserted at an angle, the sub-picoNewton trapping force acting on a yeast cell as a function of the displacement is measured experimentally by the static and dynamic methods, respectively, whose measurement processes are presented in detail. The measured maximum trapping efficiency is 0.07 in our experiment, which is an order of magnitude lower than that of the optical tweezers. The characteristics of the trapping force in the various horizontal directions are discussed. Finally, the analysis of the measurement error shows the factors and their magnitude which cause error, and offers a way to reduce the error in future.     

Method of state code matrixes in the realization of optical switching using Perfect Shuffle

Based on the Left Perfect Shuffle (LPS) optical communication network constructed by cascade multi-stage LPS interconnection, using Looping algorithm, any arbitrary sequence of the input signals can be realized. However, instead of obtaining the simultaneous state codes of the same level node switches through mathematical analytical expressions directly, only routing tags of each channel can be obtained through mathematical analytical expressions so as to draw out topological chart of the network to obtain the state codes implied in the chart. Thus, the states of the switches cannot be directly programmed and controlled by computer in practical application. In this paper, based on the Looping algorithm, a method of stage code matrixes is presented to resolve this problem. By using the method, the simultaneous state codes of the same level’s four node switches can be directly obtained, which is convenient for the computer to provide controlled signals needed to finish the permutation for each node switch. The method of stage code matrixes provides further theoretical basis for the realization of optical switching by integration of Perfect Shuffle and high-speed optical switches.     

Temperature dependence of low loss polymeric AWG

We investigate on the variation of loss and temperature dependence of a polymeric arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) depending on its substrate, by fabricating 16-channel polymeric AWGs with various substrate conditions. Insertion loss for a polymeric AWG on a silicon substrate is measured as low as 3.1 dB. The temperature-dependent wavelength shift for a polymeric AWG detached from the substrate is maintained within 0.1 nm from 20 to 80 °C. But we observe a degradation of insertion loss and a little instability in wavelength characteristics both for the detached polymeric AWG and for a polymeric AWG on a polymer substrate. We investigate on those optical properties of the polymeric AWGs based on measured thermal expansion properties of the polymers.     

Optical arithmetic unit using bit-WDM

A novel arithmetic unit is proposed consisting of a pipelined optical ripple carry adder that adds two words with bits multiplexed by different wavelengths on a single fiber. The addition result is returned to a fiber bus in the same format as the incoming words. The corresponding operand bit pairs are split off the fiber using wavelength division demultiplexers. Full adders compute the sum for each bit pair and the carry from the next lower significant bit pair. The full adder uses couplers and NOT, NOR and novel XOR logic gates constructed using semiconductor optical amplifiers for gain and wavelength shifting.     

Controllable optical bistability and multistability in a rare-earth-ion-doped optical fiber

We investigated the optical bistability and multistability in an Er³⁺-doped ZrF₄–BaF₂–LaF₃–AlF₃–NaF optical fiber inside an optical ring cavity. It is found that the optical bistability and multistability can be easily controlled via adjusting properly the parameters of the corresponding system. Our scheme may provide some new possibilities for technological applications in optoelectronics and optical-fiber communication.     

A high nonlinearity elliptical fiber for applications in Raman and Brillouin sensors

Raman and Brillouin effects have found special applications in distributed sensing for smart materials and structures. In these sensors, the fiber acts as a distributed sensor, sensing strain and temperature over a range of tens of kilometers and, at the same time, carries this information to the installation that will process them. In order to optimize the fiber to operate under the Brillouin and Raman regimes, a special elliptical fiber with small effective area has been designed, which will allow these sensors to cover longer distances and/or employ lower power lasers.     

Dichroic property of the H2O-groups in α-quartz, LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 in the infrared range

The absorptive peaks of the H₂O-groups were observed in the infrared absorption spectra in the vicinity of 3480 cm⁻¹ in LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃, and 3580 cm⁻¹ in α-quartz. The absorptions of these lines were found to depend on the vibration direction of the polarized incident light, showing the dichroic property in these crystals. The absorption of the ordinary ray waves is much larger than that for the E-ray waves in the crystals. This observation indicates that the direction of the bond vibrations for the H₂O-groups is perpendicular to the optic axis of crystals. The dichroic property of the H₂O-groups may serve as the tracer to study the local electric field in piezoelectric crystals.     

利用LED的投影系统光源设计

设计了利用多颗LED(Light Emitting Diode,发光二极管)阵列组成的扩展面光源.经过合理的聚光设计使之符合某些投影设备对亮度要求不是很高,但结构紧凑、性能稳定、使用寿命长的要求.结合数学建模和软件模拟的方式设计了一种小巧的反光杯,利用反光杯把LED近180°的发散光束汇聚到60°左右;然后再用一一对应的透镜阵列汇聚为平行光;最后采用柯勒照明方式把较大的面光源阵列汇集到LCD投影屏幕上,从而达到了较高亮度且具有很高均匀性的目的.