Synthesis and characterization of faceted hexagonal aluminum nitride nanotubes

The synthesis of the faceted single-crystalline h-AlN nanotubes with the length of a few micrometers and diameters from 30 to 80 nm is first reported. This provides an ideal substrate for the construction of GaN-based nanoheterostructures in future nanoelectronics. The experimental results suggest the further extensive experimental and theoretical studies on the promising nonlayered nanotubular structures.     

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of highly ordered hexagonal and cubic composite monoliths

Design of nanocatalysts for efficient heterogeneous catalytic systems is needed to high ingredients for environmental cleanup of organic pollutant species. Here, well-defined order NiO-silica monolithic catalysts with hexagonal P6mm and cubic Pm3n mesostructures were successfully fabricated by using an instant direct-templating method of lyotropic and microemulsion phases of Brij 76 (C18H37(OCH2CH2)10 OH, C18EO 10). Ordered hexagonal P6mm NiO/HOM-2 monoliths could be fabricated in lyotropic system of Brij 76 at phase composition domains of TMOS/Brij 76 (50 wt%). However, periodically ordered cubic Pm3n NiO-supported monoliths were synthesized in microemulsion system formed by addition of C12-alkane to the hexagonal phase domains. This synthetic strategy also revealed that the NiO particles were well-dispersed into the silicate pore surface matrices of mesostructures. Monolithic NiO-silica composites with 2D hexagonal and 3D cubic geometries and with large particle morphologies show promise to act as catalysts. The current study revealed evidence of the advantages of nanoscale pore geometry and shape, and particle morphology of the supported silica monoliths in the design of nanocatalysts that can efficiently enhance the catalytic functionality in terms of stability, reversibility and reactivity. Furthermore, a key finding in our study was that 2D hexagonal and 3D cubic mesostructured NiO-silica catalysts retained the specific activity towards the oxidation reaction even after several regeneration/reuse cycles. Significant study of the mechanistic cyclization of the organic reactant using the density functional (DFT) calculations provided evidence of the key components of conformations of the functional model during the formation of the oxidation product.     

Synthesis and characterization of ordered hexagonal and cubic mesoporous tin oxides via mixed-surfactant templates route

Ordered hexagonal and cubic mesoporous tin oxides were synthesized for the first time in the presence of mixed cationic and neutral surfactants (a mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide cationic surfactant and dodecylamine neutral surfactant) with different alkali and simple inorganic precursors at room temperature. In the synthesis systems, the dodecylamine neutral surfactant may function as a polar organic cosolvent and cosurfactant. The formation of the tin oxide mesostructured material was proposed to be due to the presence of hydrogen-bonding interactions between the supramolecular template and inorganic precursors Sn4+ and OH-, which were assumed to self-assemble around the cationic surfactant molecules. The materials are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm. The surface areas of materials evaluated from the N2 sorption isotherms are about 248 m(2)/g for hexagonal mesoporous tin oxide (SnH) and 281 m(2)/g for cubic mesoporous tin oxide (Sn-C) for calcination at 350 degrees C.     

Synthesis,structural characterization,and immunological properties of carbon nanotubes functionalized with peptides

Carbon nanotubes (NTs) are becoming highly attractive molecules for applications in medicinal chemistry. The main problem of insolubility in aqueous media has been solved by developing a synthetic protocol that allows highly water-soluble carbon NTs to be obtained. As a result, biologically active peptides can be easily linked through a stable covalent bond to carbon NTs. We have demonstrated that a bound peptide from the foot-and-mouth disease virus, corresponding to the 141-159 region of the viral envelope protein VP1, retained the structural integrity and was recognized by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. In addition, this peptide-NT conjugate is immunogenic, eliciting antibody responses of the right specificity. Such a system could be greatly advantageous for diagnostic purposes and could find future applications in vaccine delivery.     

Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes covalently functionalized with amphiphilic polymer coated superparamagnetic nanocrystals

The kinetic investigations of oxidation of tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) by oxone have been studied spectrophotometrically in phosphate buffer medium of pH 6.8, temperature 308 K, and ionic strength 0.25 mol L(-1). The reactions were also carried out in presence of globular transport protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) having isoelectric point 4.9, anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and their mixtures. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SDS in presence of BSA have been determined using conductivity and kinetic measurement techniques. The secondary structure of BSA was examined by Circular Dichroism (CD) measurement at 308 K. The helix nature of BSA decreases with increase of SDS concentration. The effect of pH on rate in presence of BSA is opposite to its absence, and the effect of urea on rate in presence of BSA indicates the denaturation of BSA. The results depict that amphiphile SDS interacts with BSA and different molecular events, for example, specific binding, cooperative binding, protein unfolding, and micelle formation act. Activation parameters of the reaction in different environments have been determined.     

树状PAMAM桥联受阻酚的合成与表征

以β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰氯(简称3,5-丙酰氯)为原料,以1.0G聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)为桥联基,通过酰胺化反应合成2种含有4个受阻酚单元的树状PAMAM桥联受阻酚.通过条件优化实验确定最佳反应条件:n(3,5-丙酰氯)∶n(PAMAM)=6∶1;K2CO3为促进剂;苯和水为反应混合溶剂,其中苯用量为40mL,水用量为9.7mL;反应时间15h;反应温度为25℃,此条件下可以得到纯度较高的2种树状PAMAM桥联受阻酚.红外光谱、核磁共振及质谱分析表明,合成的分子与目标分子结构完全相符.     

Synthesis,characterization and electrocatalytic properties of carbon nitride nanotubes for methanol electrooxidation

In this paper, carbon nitride nanotubes (CNNTs) have been synthesized with porous anodic aluminum oxide membrane as template by the thermal polymerization of sol–gel precursors for the first time. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to characterize the morphology and composition of the as-prepared nanotubes. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of CNNTs, towards methanol electrooxidation in 0.5 mol/dm³ H₂SO₄ solutions containing 1 mol/dm³ CH₃OH are presented at room temperature.     

Synthesis and characterization of nucleobase functionalized monothiophenes

The synthesis of a series of nucleobase functionalized thiophene monomers has been accomplished through the reaction of 2-bromo-1-thiophen-3-yl-ethanone with the corresponding DNA base anion. The distinctive pK_a values for the various amine groups in the nucleobases provided a pathway for the creation of specific anions through selective deprotonation of these groups. Using the appropriate anion it is possible to create an amine linkage between the thiophene and nucleobase that is, analogous to that found between the deoxyribose sugar and nucleobase, in the biologically occurring nucleoside.     

Synthesis and characterization of soluble polyimides functionalized with carbazole moieties

Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of new soluble polyimides that are functionalized using carbazole moieties in their side chain. As a monomer for synthesizing the polyimides, 4″‐carbazole‐9‐yl‐[1,1′;2′,1″] terphenyl‐4‐4′‐diamine and 2‐(3‐carbazol‐9‐yl‐propyl)‐biphenyl‐4,4′‐diamine were synthesized and then characterized using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, FTIR, UV–visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and elemental analysis. The polyimides synthesized via chemical imidization processes were characterized with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, wide angle X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, DSC, tensile strength measurement, and dielectric property measurement. Results showed that the synthesized polyimides were soluble in a variety of organic solvents, optically transparent in a visible range, thermally stable, mechanically strong, and considerably low dielectric. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 8117–8130, 2008     

Synthesis and characterization of polylactide functionalized polyacetylenes

The paper deals with the synthesis and polymerization of novel poly(l-lactide)-derived acetylene monomers and the analysis of the thermal properties of the formed graft copolymers. Poly(l-lactide) macromonomers with different acetylene end groups were prepared using stannous octanoate as a catalyst in the presence of various hydroxyacetylenes. Next, the well-characterized macromonomers were subjected to polymerization using [{RhCl(nbd)}₂]/Et₃N and [RuCl₂(CH–o–OiPrC₆H₄)(IMesH₂)] to obtain graft copolymers. Investigation of these graft copolymers by GPC and NMR spectroscopy revealed the presence of some poly(l-lactide) formed as a side product during the ring opening polymerization of l-lactide. The thermal stability of the polymeric materials has been studied as a function of the polyacetylene backbone substituents and the length of poly(l-lactide) side chains. Introducing polyacetylene into polyester increased the polymer stability. The thermal degradation behavior of the synthesized materials depends on the length of poly(l-lactide) chains and also on l-lactide homopolymer impurities in the graft copolymers.     

Molecularly ordered nanoporous organosilicates prepared with and without surfactants

The first example of pure periodic mesoporous organosilica (O3/2Si-CH=CH-C6H4-CH=CH-SiO3/2) containing aromatic and olefinic functional groups was synthesized using a single precursor. In addition to the long-range order of the pore system, this material exhibited a structural periodicity with a spacing of 11.9 A due to the formation of lamellar bis(ethen-2-yl)benzene silica within the pore walls. It was also demonstrated that the molecular order can be achieved regardless of the occurrence of a periodic pore system or the use of surfactants.     

Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline–polyamidoamine dendrimer blends

A novel conductive blend of polyaniline (PANI) with polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM (G 2.0)) was prepared by different blending procedure. The PANI‐PAMAM blended polymers were characterized by UV–vis, FTIR, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. The effect of varying the blending procedure on structure and EPR properties of PANI‐PAMAM blended polymers was investigated. Varying the blending procedure and temperature has a direct effect on the structure and EPR parameters (ΔH_PP, g factor, N_S, T₂, and A/B ratio). EPR spectroscopic studies suggested the presence of chemical interaction between PANI and PAMAM. Electron localization effects in PANI‐PAMAM blended polymers can therefore be studied using the technique of EPR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1–8, 2006     

Synthesis,characterization, and KOH activation of nanoporous carbon for increasing CO2 adsorption capacity

Ordered nanoporous carbons (ONCs) were prepared using a soft-templating method. To improve the CO₂ adsorption efficiency, ONCs were chemically activated to obtain high specific surface area and micro-/mesopore volume with different KOH amounts (i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) as an activating agent. The prepared nanoporous carbons (NCs) materials were analyzed by low-angle X-ray diffraction for confirmation of synthesized ONCs structures. The structural properties of the NCs materials were analyzed by high-angle X-ray diffraction. The textural properties of the NCs materials were examined using the N₂/77 K adsorption isotherms according to the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller equation. The CO₂ adsorption capacity was measured by CO₂ isothermal adsorption at 298 K/1 bar. From the results, the NCs activated with KOH showed that the increasing specific surface areas and total pore volumes resulted in the enhancement of CO₂ adsorption capacity.     

Synthesis and performance characterization of PS-PPEES nanoporous membranes with nonwoven porous support

The present work describes about the synthesis and characterization of Polysulfone blend nanoporous membrane with nonwoven support. This Nonwoven support provides mechanical strength to membrane while filtration process and minimizes membrane fouling. Hence it helps in better membrane performance in terms of salt rejection, improved flux, thermal stability and fairly increases in proton conductivity. In this work we have used K.C.270 nonwoven material consisting of fine polyester fibers and has a thickness of below 110 μm.     

Synthesis, characterization, and photoinduced electron transfer in functionalized single wall carbon nanohorns

Single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) are a new class of material that is closely related to single-wall carbon nanotubes. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a series of SWNHs functionalized with ethylene glycol chains and porphyrins. Functionalization of carbon nanohorns has been achieved using two different synthetic protocols: (1) direct attack of a free amino group on the nanohorn sidewalls (nucleophilic addition) and (2) amidation reaction of the carboxylic functions in oxidized nanohorns. The nanohorn derivatives have been characterized by a combination of several techniques, and the electronic properties of the porphyrin/nanohorn assemblies (SWNH/H2P) have been investigated by electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry, and a series of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy. The cyclic voltammetry curve of nanohorn/porphyrin conjugate 6 showed a continuum of faradic and pseudocapacitive behavior, which is associated with multiple-electron transfers to and from the SWNHs. Superimposed on such a pseudocapacitive current, the curve also displays three discrete reduction peaks at -2.26, -2.57, and -2.84 V and an oxidation peak at 1.12 V (all attributed to the porphyrin moiety). Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence demonstrated a quenching of the fluorescence of the porphyrin in SWNH/H2P conjugates 5 and 6 compared to the reference free base porphyrin. Transient absorption spectra permitted the electron-transfer process between the porphyrins and the carbon nanostructures to be highlighted.     

Synthesis and characterization of dendrimer templated supported bimetallic Pt-Au nanoparticles

Bimetallic dendrimer-stabilized nanoparticles (DSNs) were used to prepare supported Pt-Au catalysts within the bulk miscibility gap for this binary system. Hydroxy-terminated generation 5 PAMAM dendrimers were used to prepare Cu(0) nanoparticles (NPs). The Cu(0) NPs were subsequently used to reduce K(2)PtCl(4) and HAuCl(4), preparing stabilized bimetallic Pt-Au NPs with a 1:1 stoichiometry. The stabilized NPs were adsorbed onto a high surface area silica support and thermally activated to remove the dendrimers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO showed that this preparation route resulted in NPs in which the two metals are intimately mixed and that the majority of the bimetallic NPs were smaller than 3 nm. Further, the bimetallic NPs were highly active for CO oxidation catalysis near room temperature and showed evidence of CO induced restructuring at ambient temperatures.     

Fabrication and characterization of hexagonal boron nitride powder by spray drying and calcining-nitriding technology

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) powder was fabricated prepared by the spray drying and calcining-nitriding technology. The effects of nitrided temperature on the phases, morphology and particle size distribution of hBN powder, were investigated. The synthesized powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectrum, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrum and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. UV-vis spectrum revealed that the product had one obvious band gap (4.7 eV) and PL spectrum showed that it had a visible emission at 457 nm (λ_ex=230 nm). FESEM image indicated that the particle size of the synthesized hBN was mainly in the range of 0.5-1.5 μm in diameter, and 50-150 nm in thickness. The high-energy ball-milling process following 900 °C calcining process was very helpful to obtain fully crystallized hBN at lower temperature.     

有序介孔石墨相氮化碳的合成及催化Knoevenagel缩合研究

以二氰二胺为前驱体,不同晶化温度的SBA-15为硬模板,用纳米浇铸法合成了一系列比表面和孔体积可调的介孔石墨相氮化碳(CND-SBA15)。通过N2吸-脱附、TEM、小角XRD、XPS、FT IR、CO2-TPD等手段研究了材料的织构、微观形貌、孔结构的有序性、化学组成和碱性质等。在以苯甲醛和丙二腈为底物的Knoevenagel缩合反应中,CND-SBA15材料表现出了很好的催化活性和稳定性。