眼底照相机自动调焦算法

基于眼底图像成像原理及特征,提出一种结合自动调焦窗口选择的眼底照相机自动调焦方法.根据改进阈值的局部信息熵调焦窗口选择算法实现调焦窗口的初步定位,按照多方向步进算法实现调焦窗口的最终定位.针对眼底图像对比度低的问题,结合区域对比度的清晰度评价函数与梯度向量平方函数的特点提出眼底图像清晰度评价函数.实验结果显示,提出的自动调焦窗口选择算法可以保证调焦窗口的稳定性及准确性,针对低对比度眼底图像的清晰度评价函数具有更好的灵敏度.     

基于改进Sobel算子的动态自动调焦算法研究

为了提高自动调焦算法在动态环境下的性能, 对调焦评价函数和调焦搜索策略进行了研究。在分析人类视觉系统特性研究成果的基础上,提出一种基于8方向Sobel算子边缘加权的调焦评价函数。同时,为了克服传统爬山法搜索速度慢的缺点,采用自适应变步长极值搜索策略,通过仿真实验可知,提出的8方向Sobel边缘检测算子具备良好的边缘提取效果,同时基于此算子结合人类视觉机制特性给予各边缘不同权重系数计算的调焦评价函数, 比经典两方向Sobel算子调焦评价函数具备更好的抗干扰能力。最后搭建基于液体透镜的实验平台,在动态环境下验证改进算法的性能。实验结果表明,提出的自动调焦算法在动态环境下调焦准确率达到97.5%。     

基于图像灰度梯度最大值累加的自动调焦算法

从光学系统出发介绍了基于图像处理的离焦图像成像原理,分析了传统基于灰度梯度的自动调焦算法的缺陷——灰度梯度考虑不全面并且易受噪音影响.针对传统算法不足,提出了基于图像灰度梯度最大值累加的自动调焦算法.该算法通过计算中心像素的八邻域灰度梯度,以自动聚焦区域内各像素最大灰度梯度与最大灰度与最小梯度差值乘积之和作为新的评价函数,分析了该算法可以抑制噪音影响的原理;介绍了焦点搜索自适应变步长爬山算法原理和实现过程;最后进行算法性能实验验证.首先,利用不同算法对序列图像和加入高斯噪音的图像进行清晰度评价,结果证明该算法对含噪图像的清晰度评价准确,与传统算法相比该算法在抑制噪音方面具有优越性;其次,用不同聚焦算法进行序列图像自动调焦实验,结果显示传统算法会出现错误聚焦的情况,而该算法聚焦准确迅速,相比于传统算法具有明显优势.     

透镜检测中复合自动对焦技术的研究及应用

针对光学透镜参数测量系统中的对焦问题,设计了一种粗精结合的复合自动对焦方案.在粗对焦过程中,选用全局图像的方差函数作为清晰度评价函数,用均值比较的爬山法实现焦面搜索,并用三点法判断初始对焦方向.在精对焦过程中,利用基于数学形态学的条件膨胀算法和形状因子提取目标图像,并以日标图像区域内的Brenner函数作为清晰度评价函...     

基于分区搜索算法的快速聚焦策略研究北大核心CSCD

针对爬山算法在自动聚焦中出现的诸如准确率差、速度慢等问题,提出了一种结合自适应步长和两步搜索法的分区搜索算法。方法根据聚焦评价函数值大小和曲线线形将聚焦评价曲线分为平缓和陡峭两个区域,平缓区域使用自适应步长进行搜索,提高自动聚焦搜索速度;陡峭区域使用两步搜索法,避免假峰值干扰所导致的聚焦错误,提高自动聚焦准确率。实验结果表明,分区搜索算法相较于爬山算法聚焦速度提升了11.25%,且具有更好的准确性和抗干扰能力。     

自动调焦系统中一种调焦的判别方法

准确有效的调焦评价函数是采用数字图像处理技术实现自动调焦的关键环节,而调焦评价函数的好坏又直接影响着调焦系统的结构精度和运算的复杂程度。分析了灰度标准差比较法和灰度对比度比较法的优缺点,提出了经改进的灰度比较法作为调焦评价函数,该方法具有响应速度快、计算量小、信噪比高、可靠性好等特点。实验与分析结果表明,该方法对具有复杂细节和纹理特征的图像能得到较好的处理结果,而对于背景高亮度的图像则不能判断其是否聚焦。     

一种改进的Sobel梯度函数自动对焦评价算法

传统的自动对焦梯度函数评价算法在对细胞显微图像进行对焦时,由于对焦精度不佳,图像受噪声的影响较大。针对此问题,通过对不同对焦评价函数性能进行对比,提出了一种基于Sobel梯度函数改进的自动对焦评价算法——Sobel4direction_Brenner梯度函数算法。对对焦评价技术设计指标和算法的通用性进行了验证,结果表明:在调焦时该算法较传统对焦梯度函数能更好的抑制噪声,并且使电机在爬山算法的搜索对焦中具有更小的对焦搜索区间范围,获得的细胞显微图像的清晰度评价值也更高。     

正态分布模拟倾斜刃边图像的MTF测量方法

调制传递函数(MTF)是评价光学成像系统信息传递频率特性的一个关键指标,倾斜刃边法是测量MTF的主要方法之一。为了解决传统倾斜刃边法对噪声图像边缘角度估计的不准确性,提出了一种基于正态分布拟合和中值点查寻的MTF测量新算法。通过正态分布函数模拟一幅与实际图像误差最小的模拟图像,利用中值点查寻法对模拟图像处理,求得最佳刃边角度,利用该角度求出实际图像的边缘扩散曲线,再通过费米函数拟合获得边缘扩散函数(ESF)。由实验结果可以看出,在图像噪声较大的情况下,对倾斜刃边角度估计的准确度得到了明显提升,进而也提高了MTF的测量精度。     

图像法自动调焦的最佳调焦区域选取算法

对分辨率较高的图像来说,调焦评价函数的计算耗时较多,会影响调焦的实时性。选用整幅图像中细节最丰富的子图像作为调焦对象,在保证调焦精度的同时,可改善调焦效率。为快速找到此区域,提出了基于自适应遗传算法(AGA)的寻优算法。在此算法中,用离焦子图像的加权熵作为适应度函数,自适应的改变遗传算法的交叉概率和变异概率,以避免结果陷入局部极值。实验结果表明,此算法具有运算复杂度低,稳定性好等优点,所选定的子图像具有良好的调焦特性曲线。     

基于图像自准直自动调焦技术

根据航空相机调焦准确度要求及CCD相机成像特点,提出了一种基于图像处理技术的航空相机自动调焦系统.该系统基于自制分辨率靶标,图像清晰度函数及优化的爬山算法,利用自准直离焦补偿法实现由温度、大气压力引起航空相机离焦量的校正;通过引入飞机高度数据进行离焦量计算,并通过自准直调焦技术实现离焦校正.对本系统进行了自动调焦测试实验,结果表明,该系统对相机的离焦校正误差小于相机的1/2焦深,能够满足航空相机快速、高准确度调焦要求.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.