大口径干涉仪装置的调整及支承机构

采用蜗轮蜗杆驱动调整机构、使用同步带安装标准镜片方式、正交十字导轨支撑等可有效提高光学精密检测系统中大口径干涉仪装置的镜面面形质量、稳定性和调节准确度,从理论上介绍了蜗轮蜗杆驱动机构等设计原理及其基本公式,并从实验上验证了这些机构对光学精密检测系统稳定性的影响.     

平面光学元件PMD面形检测的调整技术研究

针对相位测量偏折术(PMD)检测平面光学元件面形的光路结构,系统地分析了各部件因各自由度的不确定度变化对重建面形的影响,并且提出了一种高精度的平面元件调整方法。通过对相移算法得到的显示器坐标与通过光线追迹得出的参考面显示器坐标进行比较,能够将被测镜调节至理想测试状态,从而能准确求出被测面上各点斜率,再采用波前重建算法,实现了光学元件面形重建。实验结果显示,有效口径为Ф140mm的平面元件在去掉Zernike多项式前6项的面形数据与干涉仪的测量结果差值在RMS=5nm以内,结果远优于未经过该方法调整的结果。因此,该调整方法可行,能够有效完成对平面元件的精密调整,具有很大的应用价值。     

光学元件狭缝柔性调节机构的设计与分析

设计了一种狭缝柔性结构的光学元件调节机构,使光学元件在具备较高调节精度的同时,保持较高的导向精度。采用弹性力学应力函数法分析了狭缝柔性结构的刚度,以径向刚度与轴向刚度的比值为目标函数,对狭缝柔性结构尺寸参数进行了优化,在不超过柔性结构材料屈服应力等约束条件下,刚度比最优值达到1 573.6,较大的刚度比值可以减小调节机构的耦合位移,从而提高机构的导向精度。该结构加工装配方便,可实现三自由度(θx-θy-Z)调节。对优化后的柔性结构进行仿真分析,结果表明:径向刚度与轴向刚度比值的仿真值为1 660.4,解析值与仿真值误差为5.23%,证明了刚度分析方法的有效性。优化后的结构,轴向调节行程为2.09 mm,绕x轴偏转角度调节行程为±16.6 mrad,绕y轴偏转角度调节行程可达到±14.4 mrad,满足光学元件调节的大行程要求。     

光刻物镜偏心调节机构抑制耦合误差设计

为了找出耦合误差产生的根源,探讨了柔性偏心机构设计方法.首先,给出了机构组成和工作原理;然后,基于柔度矩阵法对机构建模,分别推导了桥式位移放大机构、导向机构、连接机构的柔度;最后,综合得到机构的整体柔度.分析结果表明柔度矩阵法得到的输出柔度理论值和有限元法得到的结果误差为8.126%,机构的一阶固有频率为73.78Hz.在40N的驱动力范围内,机构可以实现66.466μm的行程,透镜和机构上的最大应力分别为0.0711 MPa和235.22 MPa,Y/Z/RX/RY/RZ耦合误差和X向行程的比分别为0.0543%、0.0082%、1.218×10-8rad/μm、1.870×10-7rad/μm、6.073×10-7rad/μm.调节后镜片面形PV值优于24nm,RMS值优于5nm,并且主要为像散.通过合理的柔度设计,机构接近完全解耦,揭示了不合理的机构刚度是产生调节耦合误差的根源.     

渐进多焦点眼用镜片的加工制造

以渐进多焦点镜片的加工为实例,阐述了采用CNC雕刻机(En3d)加工自由曲面光学元件的加工工艺,利用TRACEPRO软件宏语言将点阵数据生成非均匀有理B样条自由曲面,运用精雕机的JDPaint软件生成刀具路径,对自由曲面光学元件进行加工制造.利用自由曲面面形测量仪对加工完成的渐进多焦点镜片进行光焦度分布和散光分布的面形分析.实验结果表明:采用CNC雕刻机加工自由曲面光学元件的加工工艺简单,操作方便,并且加工后的渐进多焦点镜片面形符合设计要求.     

轨迹成型法精密磨削加工机床的精度分析

为了保证用轨迹成型法加工光学零件的面形精度,对精密磨削机床影响工件面形误差的因素进行了理论分析。推导出机床调整机构可消除误差的公式。并以误差公式计算出的误差值来调整机床的微调机构,可达到减少面形误差,进而保证面形精度的目的。     

双晶单色器弧矢聚焦晶体面形有限元分析

简要介绍了弧矢聚焦双晶单色器的基本原理、聚焦晶体的压弯以及鞍形形变的抑制,提出了柔性铰链弧矢聚焦晶体压弯机构,对弧矢聚焦晶体衍射面的子午形变和弧矢弯曲面形进行了有限元分析;用光学追踪程序SHADOW得出了弧矢聚焦晶体衍射面面形对单色器的光通量和分辨率的影响。     

超薄光学元件精密加工关键技术

针对超薄光学元件在加工过程中因重力和磨头产生应力形变的特点,提出了一种高效、先进的超薄光学元件综合加工方法。该方法综合运用了精密铣磨、精密抛光、离子束修形等先进技术进行面形控制。在铣磨阶段采用受力分析和误差补偿的方法降低了元件变形引入的面形误差;在抛光阶段通过气囊抛光和沥青抛光的迭代实现了面形快速收敛;在离子束加工阶段充分利用其非接触、无应力的加工特点实现了高精度面形修正。实验选择径厚比为34(边长152 mm,厚度6.35 mm)的方形融石英材料进行加工实验。结果表明:在铣磨、抛光、修形阶段的各项指标都达到了精密光学元件的加工水平,最终的面形精度为PV=25 nm,RMS=1.5 nm。该加工方法可以广泛应用于超薄光学元件的高精度加工。     

离轴三镜系统光学元件间补偿关系研究

分析了离轴三镜系统中光学元件调整变量间的补偿关系和面形误差与调整变量间的补偿关系.调整变量中偏心变量和倾斜变量的位置失调常常会产生同种像差,存在一定的相关性.从失调像差理论出发,通过平衡偏心变量和倾斜变量产生的初级像差,得到偏心变量和倾斜变量间的补偿关系.利用Zernike多项式模拟面形误差,建立面形误差与初级像差的关系,使面形误差与调整变量联系起来.通过计算机模拟,给定光学元件一定的面形误差,然后调整光学元件的偏心、倾斜和横向位移进行补偿,发现当次镜带有1λ像散的面形误差时,补偿后系统波前误差只下降了0.01λ RMS.     

Schwarzschild物镜装卡应力对光学元件面形的影响

为了实现接近衍射极限的分辨率,工作在极紫外波段的Schwarzschild物镜要求其光学元件的面形精度达到约1 nm（RMS值）;而在物镜的装配过程中,装卡产生的应力会影响光学元件的面形精度,定量计算装卡应力对元件面形的影响是获得高分辨率成像的关键。在光学设计、公差分析的基础上,采用有限元模型系统地分析了应力对Schwarzschild物镜光学元件面形精度的影响。结果表明:采用自行设计的物镜结构,应力对主镜面形的影响可以达到0.7 nm,而对副镜的影响可以忽略;应力所产生的光学元件面形变化会使系统的几何传递函数(5000 lp/mm)从0.76下降到0.61。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.