初级能量平衡

针对“神光Ⅱ”精密化的要求，有用半波片和偏振片组合衰减装置精确控制光束能量，达到能量平衡。简要论述了半波片组合衰减器的工作原理。采用独特的方法，对高精度光电探头和半波片的特性进行了检测。在此基础上，运用自动控制技术进行智能调节，实现了闭环自动控制模拟实验，达到了均方根为２％的激光能量控制精度。     

高稳定激光脉冲波形精密调控技术研究与应用

提出了基于激光脉冲波形精密调控和能量稳定性控制的双回路同步闭环设计方法,进而在任意波形发生器与预放大系统输出处建立脉冲波形闭环控制系统,在保偏大模场光纤放大器和再生放大器间建立能量稳定性闭环系统。依托大口径高通量实验平台,实现了激光脉冲波形的快速高稳定精密调控,脉冲波形闭环精度优于2%（RMS）,脉冲能量稳定性优于5%（PV）。该技术成功应用到物理实验正式发射中,常规整形脉冲波形的功率准确度优于2%,相关结果有力支撑了ICF激光驱动器激光参数精密调控设计。     

激光原型装置预放能量的精密控制

 基于原型装置的光路设计,确定了采用半波片和偏振片实现对预放系统输出能量的精密控制的方案,并对该方案进行了流程设计和系统集成。通过实验验证了该方案的可靠性,实验结果显示：该方案可对预放系统的静态能量和发射输出能量进行有效的控制;可在30 s内将系统静态能量控制在3%以内,可在1~2发内使预放发射的输出能量的偏差迅速降到5%以内,且能量输出的结果有较好的重复性。     

飞焦级脉冲激光能量测量方法研究

为解决1 fJ～1 pJ脉冲激光能量的测量问题,提出了一种基于时域波形积分的飞焦级脉冲激光能量测量方法。该方法采用光电倍增管（PMT）获得飞焦级脉冲激光的响应信号,该微弱响应信号经放大、校准与激光脉冲时域波形积分后实现飞焦级脉冲激光能量测量。根据该方法设计了飞焦级脉冲激光能量测量装置,并分析了该装置的测量不确定度。实验表明,该装置实现了波长1 064 nm、脉冲宽度5 ns～1 s、能量范围1 fJ～1 pJ的脉冲激光光源的能量测量,测量不确定度为15.8%。     

光电反馈式静电悬浮的光电控制系统

本文给出了基于直流高压静电场的光电反馈式静电悬浮系统的实现方案,介绍其工作原理,主要讨论该悬浮操作的技术核心-光电控制系统,提出了光电控制系统中的单元技术:激光三角法测距和比例积分差动(PID)控制的实现方案.我们采用仅有一路伺服控制的光电控制系统进行实验,获得了绞好的结果.实现了悬浮体的开关式悬浮控制.证明了我们的光电控制系统是完全可行的.     

基于现场可编程门阵列的数字化自动锁相技术研究

基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的高速数据处理能力,介绍了一种采用双比例积分微分(PID)算法的数字化伺服控制系统,在一定程度上改善了数字化锁相中锁定精度与控制范围之间的矛盾,大大提高了单次锁定持续时间.程序采用正弦扫描和积分扫描两种方法分别实现了相位失锁自动搜索功能,并且在实验上得到了验证.前者失锁后的搜索时间更短,...     

高精度激光微能量校准技术研究

利用斩波器将连续激光斩波成为脉冲宽度s量级重频脉冲激光,利用选单器将重频脉冲激光转变成单脉冲激光,从而实现变连续激光为单脉冲激光。由陷阱探测器测量连续激光的输出功率,高速APD、高增益PIN探测器作为波形探测器测量脉冲激光波形,并通过示波器对脉冲宽度进行测量。依据测量得到的功率和波形就可得到脉冲激光能量,从而实现了0.2 pJ激光微能量的测量和校准,通过不确定度分析,该装置的pJ激光能量测量不确定度达到了0.42%。     

光学消像旋高精度位置控制系统的算法与实现

为了解决周视光电观瞄设备中光学消像旋齿轮传动所带来的误差大、间隙难以控制等不足,本文提出去掉光学消像旋的机械传动,将其变为无机械传动的位置控制系统.结合现代控制理论,在分析了光学消像旋位置控制系统中被控对象模型的基础上,设计以比例-积分-微分控制器为主,非线性控制为辅的融合控制算法.以单片机C8051作为控制核心,编码...     

深紫外准分子激光实时曝光剂量控制算法研究

提出了一种面向步进扫描投影光刻机的深紫外准分子激光实时曝光剂量控制算法。通过建立扫描曝光过程的抽象模型并分析准分子激光器单脉冲能量波动特性,提出采用闭环反馈控制进行实时调节,着重研究了抑制单脉冲能量超调和随机波动的有效算法。在一台波长为193 nm、重复频率为4 kHz、单脉冲能量为5 mJ的ArF准分子激光器上进行了实验研究。结果表明,当脉冲个数仅为20时算法控制下的剂量精度即可达0.89%,不但满足亚微米光刻越来越严的剂量要求,而且有助于提高光刻机生产效率和激光器使用效率。     

斩波法在激光微能量计标定中的应用

针对激光微能量测量的问题,提出一种激光微能量计标定新方法与装置。研究内容包括使用稳功率连续激光作为光源,通过基于斩波的脉冲发生器组件产生微能量的脉冲激光,分别使用脉冲宽度测量组件与功率测量组件进行采集、软件分析,计算微能量值及通过比对给出待标定能量计的修正系数,计算机自动控制。结果表明,该方法获得的脉冲激光波形稳定,脉冲宽度测量不确定度为0.08%,激光功率测量不确定度为0.25%,实现了对0.1 pJ～1 mJ的激光能量进行准确复现和传递。     

Improvements to laser forming through process control refinements

Laser forming is a process that uses the energy of relatively high powered lasers to cause permanent deformation to components by inducing localised thermal stresses. It is envisaged that this material processing technique will find a number of commercial applications. This paper briefly discusses laser forming and the development of a basic process monitoring and control system used to overcome variability problems due to the complex nature of the lasers themselves and the manner in which they interact with material. It then goes on to show how the basic control system was modified, using increased feedback data sampling, time delays and a modified control algorithm which takes account of the forming rate in addition to the error. The effect of these developments is then illustrated by a series of tests which show the modifications significantly improve process tolerances.     

基于Fuzzy-P控制的半导体激光器功率稳定研究

为了提高光源抑制噪音的能力,提出一种基于模糊控制和比例控制的模数混合控制器,对中心波长为650 nm的半导体激光二极管的输出功率进行高准确度稳恒控制.实验结果表明,施加功率控制后,光源输出功率的静态稳定度达到±0.48‰,动态稳定度优于±1‰.     

Optical focus control system for laser welding and direct casting

A non-intrusive optical sensor system has been developed for focus control of laser welding. This detects the light generated by the process through the laser delivery optics, and exploits the chromatic aberrations of these optics to detect any laser focal error at the workpiece. This system works for a wide range of materials and welding parameters, and example results are presented. The sensor has also been applied to laser ‘direct casting’, a process in which 3-D structures are built by flowing metal powder into a focused laser beam. In this case, melt pool temperature is also important, and so additional optics are incorporated into the sensor to provide a pyrometric temperature measurement which is used to control the laser power.     

Automatic vibration mode tracking using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer

Optical measurement techniques are being used more and more for quality control in the production process. An important problem when trying to implement optical measurement systems, and in particular the scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) which is considered in this paper, is that user interaction is always required. The need for user interaction implies an increase in testing time and cost and also brings an additional source of variability of the test results. In this article, a completely autonomous test procedure is developed to track the vibration behavior of a product during the production process (this includes automatic laser focussing, position calibration, object recognition, grid generation and mode estimation). The proposed procedure typically requires a few minutes only to automatically determine a high-resolution model of the vibration behavior. The method will be validated on measurements of an electronic circuit board.     

The Application of Mode-Locked Laser Technologies to Long Distance Transmission and Control of Soliton

The control scheme of long distance optical transmission is treated based on conception of mode-locked Laser cavity in this paper. The general mode-locking equation of fiber ring soliton Laser is first constructed, then we give the general perturbed nonlinear schrödinger equation, and finally the transmission and control equations of optical soliton communication systems with various different configurations, respectively, are obtained.     

Laser beam alignment by fast feedback control of both linear and angular drifts

A new way to enhance the directional stability of laser beams with alternating intensity by fast feedback control of both linear and angular drifts has been proposed for alignment of laser beams at higher accuracy. Both linear and angular drifts of laser beams, processed through light intensity modulation and primary alignment using single-mode optical fiber (SMOF), are separated using light path arrangement and detected using phase-lock technique, and are controlled using fast feedback control mechanisms according to their detected magnitudes, so that both linear and angular drifts are suppressed to enhance the directional stability of the emitting laser beams. Theoretical analyses and preliminary experimental results indicate that the approach proposed can be used to achieve an alignment accuracy of more than 10⁻⁸ rad.     

The laser polarization as control parameter in the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures: Comparison of numerical and experimental results

Considering self-organized surface pattering upon multi-pulse femtosecond laser irradiation, in particularly the strong dependence of ripples orientation on the laser polarization, we present numerical simulations from an adopted surface erosion model and compare the result to our experimental data on laser-induced nanostructures formation. We present the surface morphologies obtained by this model for different polarizations of the incident laser electric field and show good agreement with ripple formation produced by laser ablation experiments. The correlation of ripples orientation with laser polarization can be described within a model where the polarization causes a breaking of symmetry at the surface. Further we discuss a time evolution of pattern formation. Our results support the non-linear self-organization mechanism of pattern formation on the surface of solids.     

机载激光测深回波信号的处理和研究

对激光海洋测深信号特性进行了分析,采用变增益法预处理机载激光测深回波信号,可以压缩水面激光反射信号的光通量与水底目标返回信号光通量的动态范围,实验结果使其动态压缩范围达10³～10⁴量级,满足机载蓝绿激光测深的要求。     

A comparative study of approaches for spectral control of Ti:sapphire pulsed lasers

The results of a comparative study (theoretical and experimental) of two original approaches for spectral control of two-wavelength pulsed Ti:sapphire (Ti:S) lasers and the most popular conventional methods are presented. Single line operation as a particular case is considered. We compare our own methods: (i) combined dual pulse pumping–passive self-injection locking (DPP–PSIL) and (ii) coupled cavity dye laser injection locking (CCLIL) with the conventional methods: (i) intracavity selection (IS), (ii) PSIL and (iii) traditional injection locking using an external dye laser. The most important criteria—laser efficiency, emission line width, tuning range, spectral purity and buildup time are compared under optimized conditions. The comparison is made using the same pump source with constant output energy in each case. The results serve as a basis for choosing correctly the most suitable spectral control technique for a particular Ti:S laser application. It is shown that the DPP–PSIL method guarantees a remarkable improvement of the Ti:S laser performance (nearly doubling the laser efficiency with the same line width and comparable laser tuning range as IS, combined with a protection of the selectors). The CCLIL approach assures a maximum laser efficiency in narrow line emission in addition to a minimal and reproducible buildup time. The IS method provides a maximal tuning range.     

Generalised ABCD matrix treatment for laser resonators and beam propagation

A generalised ABCD matrix treatment for laser resonators and beam propagation is developed for computer programming. In this treatment, imaginary parts are introduced into the matrixes for all optical elements, and the beam quality factor M² and the index of the medium are also taken into account. When the imaginary parts of the complex matrix are zero and the beam quality factor M² and medium index are unity, the stated method is transformed back into the more classic ABCD matrix format in which the fundamental-mode Gaussian beam transmits through real elements in the vacuum. Based on this method, laser resonator software is realised by the VB programme language. The software can be used to analyse and design stable/unstable standing/travelling cavities, phase-conjugate cavities and beam transformations.