The acoustic performance of ventilated window with quarter-wave resonators and membrane absorber

Noise and air pollution problems become significantly in a busy city such as Hong Kong since buildings usually located close to the heavy traffic lines. Traditional openable window cannot fulfill all the functions of noise reduction, lighting and natural ventilation. A new ventilated window combines the multiple quarter-wave resonators (silencer) and the new wing wall designs aim to make a balance between acoustic and ventilation performances at the same time. Furthermore, the use of multiple-wave resonators and membrane absorber which made plexi-glass plastic sheet replace absorption material can improve the durability; avoid small particle emission and light transparency.The acoustic and ventilation performance of new ventilated window were examined in this study. Noise attenuation of the new ventilated window design has improved significantly by combine flexible absorber and quarter-wave resonator effects. Transmission loss of 10–22 dB can be achieved in the frequency range of 500 Hz–4 kHz band. Outlet air flow velocity of ventilated window design is higher than that of “an open window”. Thus, both the acoustics and ventilation performance of the new ventilated window is essential. Wind-driven natural ventilation is an effective strategy in maintaining the comfort and health of the indoor environment.     

A preliminary study of the feasibility of using superconducting quarter-wave resonators foraccelerating high intensity proton beams

The superconducting (SC) cavities currently used for the acceleration of protons at a low velocity range are based on half-wave resonators. Due to the rising demand on high current, the issue of beam loading and space-charge problems has arisen. Qualities of low cost and high accelerating efficiency are required for SC cavities, which are properly fitted by using SC quarter-wave resonators (QWR). We propose a concept of using QWRs with frequency 162.5 MHz to accelerate high current proton beams. The main factor limiting SC QWRs being applied to high current proton beams is vertical beam steering, which is dominantly caused by the magnetic field on axis. In this paper, we intend to analyze steering and eliminate it to verify the qualification of using QWRs to accelerate high intensity proton beams.     

Vibration analysis of ultrasonic tubular resonators

The frequency equation of the axisymmetric coupled vibration of a ultrasonic tubular resonator with both ends free is derived by an exact solution method,based on classical Fl(u|¨)gge thin shell theory.The dependence of the dinieiisionless frequencyΩon the ratio of length to radius l/a.the ratio of radius to thickness a/h and Poisson’s ratio v is investigated, and the axisymmetric coupled vibration of the ultrasonic tubular resonator with both ends shear diaphragm is compared with that with both ends free.The accuracy of two-dimensional and three-dimensional apparent elasticity method is also assessed by the comparison with the exact solution method.Finally,the mode shapes of the ultrasonic tubular resonator are calculated by the exact solution method,and its transform efficient is analyzed.The results show that as for two boundary conditions of both ends free and both ends shear diaphragm,the difference of the effect of the boundary conditions on the dinieiisionless frequency of the axisymmetric coupled vibration of the ultrasonic tubular resonator becomes smaller as l/a increases,and the larger a/h.the smaller the difference.Moreover,for free-free boundary conditions,the change of a/h has nearly no effect on the dinieiisionless frequency of the thin tubular resonator usually considered to mean a/h > 10.Furthermore,the dinieiisionless frequency fi decreases as v increases for a given l/a.and the impact of v onΩis different for different l/a.and the maximum impact will appear when l/a =π.Finally,the study also shows the three-dimensional apparent elasticity method has very high accuracy.     

Modal analysis of Bragg onion resonators

From analysis of the high Q modes in a Bragg onion resonator with an omnidirectional reflector cladding, we establish a close analogy between such a resonator and a spherical hollow cavity in perfect metal. We demonstrate that onion resonators are ideal for applications that require a large spontaneous-emission factor beta, such as thresholdless lasers and single-photon devices.     

Diffraction analysis of aberrated laser resonators

A numerical analysis of laser resonators with aberrations is presented. The analysis shows that aberrations lead to large diffraction losses of laser resonators which are laid out to produce diffraction-limited beam quality. Static or dynamic compensation of the aberrations is possible and would yield much higher output power. PACS 42.15.Fr; 42.55.Ah; 42.55.Px, Rz     

Mode analysis of axially-asymmetric optical resonators

The characteristics of an axially-asymmetric optical resonator(AAOR)areanalysed by using the variable reference plane method.The positions of the beam waist andthe plane wavefront are obtained.The variation of the beam size ellipse and wavefront curva-ture ellipse are also discussed.     

Error analysis and Stokes parameter measurement of rotating quarter-wave plate polarimeter

In this paper, we present a simple Stokes parameter measurement method for a rotating quarter-wave plate polarimeter.This method is used to construct a model to describe the principle of how the magnitudes of errors influence the deviation of the output light Stokes parameter, on the basis of accuracy analysis of the retardance error of the quarter-wave plate,the misalignment of the analyzing polarizer, and the phase shift of the measured signals, which will help us to determine the magnitudes of these errors and then to acquire the correct results of Stokes parameters. The method is validated by the experiments on left-handed circularly polarized and linear horizontal polarization beams. With the improved method, the maximum measurement deviations of Stokes parameters for these two different polarized states are reduced from 2.72%to 2.68%, and from 3.83% to 1.06% respectively. Our results demonstrate that the proposed method can be used as a promising approach to Stokes parameter measurement for a rotating quarter-wave plate polarimeter.     

超声管形振子的振动分析

基于Flügge壳体理论,利用严格解法得出了自由边界条件下超声管形振子纵径耦合振动的频率方程,研究了长径比、径厚比及泊松比等参数对振子振动频率的影响,并和薄膜简支边界条件下的振动情况进行了对比;通过与表观弹性法进行比较研究,探讨了表观弹性法的精度;最后用严格解法计算了管形振子的振型曲线,对其纵径转换效率进行了分析。研究表明:在自由和薄膜简支两种边界条件下,随着长径比的增大,两种边界条件对管形振子纵径耦合振动无量纲频率影响的差异性减弱,且径厚比越大其差异性越小;在自由边界条件下,对于径厚比a/h>10的薄壳振子,径厚比的变化对无量纲频率的影响很小;在长径比一定时无量纲频率随泊松比的增大而减小,且泊松比对其的影响程度随长径比的变化而不同,当长径比l/a=π时影响最大;通过比较研究,证明三维表观弹性法具有很高的计算精度。     

Mode analysis in microstrip resonators part II

In this contribution, the transmission line model for a printed circuit microstrip resonator is used to theoretically investigate the modes supported by simple structures. Computer analysis yields useful information on the harmonic response of resonators that is relevant to the design of printed antennas and harmonic generators.     

Achromatic terahertz quarter-wave retarder in reflection mode

A compact achromatic quarter-wave retarder (QWR) operating in reflection mode is designed for using in terahertz region. It is a composite device utilizing form birefringence and Fabry–Pérot (FP) interference. Under illumination of plane waves with incidence angle of 45°, from 1.8 THz to 2.8 THz, the QWR achieved only ±2° variation around 90° phase retardation, enlarging the working bandwidth of ordinary QWR greatly. An analytical model combining transmission-line (TL) theory with effective medium theory (EMT) is presented and results agree well with the time-consuming numerical calculation. The 38 μm thick construction is simple and easy for fabrication by the existing lithographic technique and a promising application in terahertz or other frequency region is believed.     

Achromatic analog of a quarter-wave plate

Is it possible to achieve wavelength-independent transformation of the polarization of light on the basis of adiabatic tracking of smooth variation in the parameters of the medium by the polarization? This question is considered for conditions where circularly polarized light is converted into linearly polarized light.     

基于1/4波片晶体电光调制输出特性的理论分析

根据铌酸锂晶体电光调制原理,推导了电光调制器透光率与1/4波片光轴方位的数学通式,通过数值计算分析了基于1/4波片晶体电光调制的输出特性.结果表明,波片每旋转π/4,周期性依次出现线性调制、非倍频失真和倍频失真,与实验结果相符.     

Effect of chromaticity on quarter-wave retarder performance

When a polarized polychromatic beam passes through a birefringent medium, the constituent spectral components suffer different change of state of polarization. As a result when the beam passes through an analyzer, the intensity of the resultant beam changes depending on the orientation of the analyzer, state of polarization of the input beam, spectral and spatial intensity distribution of the source and the polarizing properties of the birefringent medium. In the present study the intensity variation of the resulting beam passing through a quarter-wave retarder plate is observed theoretically with the variation of the azimuthal angle of the analyzer for monochromatic and polychromatic source of light. A simple experiment is conducted to observe the intensity variation for an incandescent lamp and HeNe laser as polychromatic and monochromatic source of light passing through a birefringent polymer-based quarter-wave retarder plate. The experimentally obtained values are compared with theoretical values and a good agreement is observed.     

Backscattering in silicon microring resonators: a quantitative analysis

Silicon microring resonators very often exhibit resonance splitting due to backscattering. This effect is hard to quantitatively and predicatively model. This paper presents a behavioral circuit model for microrings that quantitatively explains the wide variations in resonance splitting observed in experiments. The model is based on an in‐depth analysis of the contributions to backscattering by both the waveguides and couplers. Backscattering transforms unidirectional microrings into bidirectional circuits by coupling the clockwise and counterclockwise circulating modes. In high‐Q microrings, visible resonance splitting will be induced, but, due to the stochastic nature of backscattering, this splitting is different for each resonance. Our model, based on temporal coupled mode theory, and the associated fitting method, are both accurate and robust, and can also explain asymmetrically split resonances. The cause of asymmetric resonance splitting is identified as the backcoupling in the couplers. This is experimentally confirmed and its dependency on gap and coupling length is further analyzed. Moreover, the wide variation in resonance splitting of one spectrum is analyzed and successfully explained by our circuit model that incorporates most linear parasitic effects in the microring. This analysis uncovers multi‐cavity interference within the microring as an important source of this variation.

     

Comparative modal analysis of NRD parallelepiped dielectric resonators

The resonance modes of dielectric resonators having parallelepiped shape are extensively investigated in this work referring to the nonradiative dielectric (NRD) topology. Different numerical techniques, both rigorous and approximated (boundary elements, point matching, finite elements, transmission line approaches), are proposed and implemented to compute the relevant resonance spectrum as a function of the involved geometric and electromagnetic parameters. The theoretical results are discussed and compared also in connection with experimental investigations, carried out on suitable prototypes of NRD components. Qualitative and quantitative information is thus achieved to characterize with accuracy and efficiency the basic parameters (resonant frequencies, field configurations, etc.) involved in filter design and in other applications at microwaves and millimeter waves.     

X-ray topography analysis of bulk acoustic wave resonators

X-ray topography is first used to totally examine the fundamental modes of acoustic oscillations in the bulk-acoustic-wave (BAW) resonator on the base of an AT-cut quartz crystal at the first and third harmonics. As is evident from the experiments, the anharmonic longitudinal oscillations of the resonator can be visualized, just as the fundamental transverse acoustic oscillations can be. The amplitude-frequency response (AFR) is related to the frequency dependence of diffracted x-ray intensity.     

Multipacting analysis for half wave resonators in the China ADS

In the China ADS(CIADS) proton accelerator, multipacting is an issue of concern for the superconducting cavities. The parallel codes Omega3 P and Track3 P, developed at SLAC under the support of the DOE Sci DAC program, have been used to calculate the electromagnetic field distribution and to analyze the multipacting barriers of such cavities. In this paper, two types of 162.5 MHz half wave resonator cavities, HWR-010(cylinder type with β of 0.10) and HWR-015(taper type with β of 0.15) have been analyzed, and the results of the multipacting analyses show that the resonant electrons occur at different regions with different accelerating gradients. The two-point 1st order multipacting on the short plate has also been researched and discussed.     

Generalized electrical analysis of low-pass and high-pass birdcage resonators

The radio-frequency 'birdcage resonator' has found wide use in MRI/MRS for its field homogeneity and signal-noise characteristics. This paper presents a general analysis, derived from lumped element transmission line theory, of the electrical behavior of unloaded, N-column birdcage resonators applicable to several versions of the basic design including low-pass and high-pass coils. Analytic expressions and computer results are presented for both types of coil describing resonant frequencies, input and characteristic impedances, dispersion relations, pass-bands, resonant peak bandwidth and Q. Theoretical expressions for normalized resonant frequency difference ratios independent of element values and resonator geometry have been developed for generic low- and high-pass coils. Experimental measurements of resonant frequencies were made for six coils, and the average agreement with theoretical predictions was approximately 4%.     

非稳腔模式计算中Colins公式适用性的分析

Ｃｏｌｉｎｓ公式将几何光学和波动光学联系在一起，能以简单的形式描述相干光在复杂光学系统中的传输，但忽略了光学系统中一些光学元件的衍射损耗。当Ｃｏｌｉｎｓ公式用于激光谐振腔的本征模式计算时，其适用程度与被忽略腔镜的有效菲涅尔数有关。本文用数值方法求解了两组谐振腔本征积分方程，一组应用Ｃｏｌｉｎｓ公司推导，另一组用菲涅尔－惠更斯衍射积分推导，结果表明：对稳定腔Ｃｏｌｉｎｓ公式基本适用；对非稳腔，当被忽略腔镜的有效菲涅尔数＞１时，原则上可以用，当被忽略腔镜的有效菲涅尔数＜１时不适用；对有源非稳腔基本适用。