氢原子在少周期强激光场中阈上电离的电子波包干涉图像

采用电子波包干涉方法研究了长程库仑势以及再散射电子对氢原子在少周期强激光场中阈上电离的影响。首先,利用强场近似及Coulomb-Volkov近似结合时间窗函数,模拟了氢原子在波长为800 nm且脉宽为5 fs的线性极化激光场中单电离的周期内干涉及周期间干涉图像,发现在长程库仑势作用下周期内干涉及周期间干涉共同作用形成了二维动量谱中的部分扇形结构条纹,其余部分扇形条纹的形成与再散射电子有关。然后,通过数值求解含时薛定谔方程计算了深度隧穿电离机制下氢原子的二维动量谱,在二维动量谱中出现了明显的径向条纹。研究结果表明,该径向条纹的产生与长程库仑势无关,是再散射电子波包干涉形成的。     

自由电子在弱周期势场V(x)=εsinx中的能谱研究

利用微扰理论,研究一维区域运动的自由电子,在受到弱周期势场的作用,给出在这种周期势场中的一维电子能谱,并与自由电子的能谱作比较。     

二价硅离子高于3s3p态能级间自旋允许跃迁的理论计算

在最弱受约束电子势模型理论中，电子被分成最弱受约束电子和非最弱受约束电子，而假定最弱受约束电子在核和非最弱受约束电子形成的势场中运动，这样许多多电子体系的问题可以简化成最弱受约束电子的单电子问题来解决．最弱受约束电子势模型理论已经被成功地应用于跃迁几率，振子强度和原子能级的计算．应用一组方程计算了Si III的离子自旋允许跃迁的跃迁几率，计算结果与标准值比较是相当令人满意的，误差均在15%以下．而且表明最弱受约束电子势模型理论可以非常简便并准确地应用于计算高激发态间的跃迁几率．     

晶体电子在外场作用下的Bloch振荡和散射对电流的影响

通过对晶体周期势场中电子在直流外场作用下的Ｂｉｏｃｈ振荡的分析，指出晶体在外场作用下的电流是由于电子受到散射的结果；没有散射作用，电子在外场作用下的运动为Ｂｌｏｃｈ振荡，不产生电流。     

周期量级超短激光脉冲作用下导带电子的光吸收与碰撞电离

激光照射下光学材料的损伤过程中，导带电子的加热和碰撞电离是非常重要的过程，影响着导带电子的产生、晶格能量的沉积和破坏.分析了Drude模型的局限性，从经典力学出发求解了周期量级激光场中导带电子的运动方程，计算了导带电子的光吸收和碰撞电离，分析了激光强度、载波相位等对碰撞电离的影响. 关键词： 周期量级超短激光脉冲 导带电子 碰撞电离     

第二玻恩近似理论研究激光辅助e-Ar散射

在电子入射方向平行于激光场的极化方向这种特殊的散射模式下，应用第二玻恩近似(SBA)理论，分别利用含有极化势的静电屏蔽势和单纯的静电屏蔽势这两种原子势模型对激光场中电子-氩原子散射进行了研究，并与低频近似和实验数据进行了比较.结果表明，第二玻恩近似理论给出的结果与实验符合较好.另外，极化势在激光辅助电子-原子散射中起着重要作用. 关键词： 极化势 第二玻恩近似 微分截面 激光场     

周期场时间导数Ornstein-Uhlenbeck噪声Fokker-Planck方程的小参数展开求解

通过引入变量,周期场中内部时间导数Ornstein-Uhlenbeck噪声驱动的布朗运动可用高维Fokker-Planck方程来描述. 上述系统不能直接应用通常的小参数展开和势谷中心展开近似求解. 用一种变通的小参数展开方法近似求解了系统的Fokker-Planck方程,结果适用于小势垒高度、中等关联时间和较大的相空间区域,近似解析解可获得系统的改进. 关键词： Fokker-Planck方程 周期势 时间导数Ornstein-Uhlenbeck噪声 小参数展开     

一维周期耗散媒质中的电磁波模及其数值分析

文中推导了一维周期耗散媒质中电磁波模式特征值方程,证明其解分类为一系列的"导带"和"禁带";用实数Re(K_z²)代替复特征值K_z标识模式,可清晰地显示出带结构,便于模式的分类和比较。文中用数值方法给出了几组参数下横电波、横磁波模最低两个带的图示,并与周期势场中的电子能带作了对比。     

不均匀场中氢分子离子高次谐波产生的理论研究

在非Born-Oppenheimer近似下，通过求解含时薛定谔方程的方法，对氢分子离子在不均匀场中高次谐波的产生进行了理论研究.计算结果显示，同均匀场相比，电离的电子在不均匀场中加速会获得更多的能量，从而更有利于得到宽频谱.此外,通过优化不均匀场中的空间不均匀度，长量子路径被明显的抑制，最终通过叠加110阶到150阶谐波，获得一个60as的孤立阿秒脉冲.同时，通过库仑势和激光场的相互作用势以及时频分布图解释了其中的物理机制.     

一维光晶格中玻色凝聚气体的干涉

对捕限在三维轴对称谐振势阱叠加一维光晶格的组合势中的玻色凝聚气体，文章基于平均场G-P方程并运用传播子方法，求解玻色凝聚气体基态波函数及其随时间的演化，给出了物质波干涉图样的空间分布与光晶格势周期结构之间的关系.研究表明，运用这一方法得到的光晶格势中物质波干涉条纹与光学中的多光束干涉相类似，并且与Andrews 和Peil等人的实验结果一致.物质波干涉图样随时间的演化也与Sadhan K. Adhikari通过直接数值求解G-P方程所得结果基本相同. 关键词： 玻色凝聚气体 子凝聚原子云 光晶格势 干涉     

A new approach for evaluating the current and charge density distributions in electron guns and beams

Current and space-charge density distribution calculation is of great significance for numerical analysis and design of high-current electron guns and beams. When the electrons’ thermal initial velocities are taken into account, though there have been some numerical methods published, the calculation is very complicated. By introducing equivalent meridional potential and projection trajectory theory, the curvilinear axis trajectory equation for electrons neighboring to a central curved trajectory in rotationally symmetric electro-magnetic fields is derived in first- and second-order approximations. The evolution equation of the current density distribution of toroidal electron sub-beams is derived and it can be used to calculate the current and charge density distribution in electron beams and guns in iteration calculation. A compact numerical algorithm for calculating round high-current electron guns and beams was developed and related program was written as well. As examples, the evolution of the current density distribution of a Pierce gun and a periodic magnetic focusing high-current electron beam is simulated. This proves that this method is effective and practical.     

周期场聚焦电子束

引言 自从发现“强聚焦效应”可以应用在粒子加速器内以后,人们知道利用周期磁场能把离子束控制得更细,于是可以减少磁铁的需要量。因此近年来为了改建或新设计各种类型粒子加速器,对周期场聚焦离子束或电子束方面曾进行了很多研究工作。另一方面人们也开始研究用周期电场和磁场聚焦各种电子管内的电子束,例如行波管内电子束的聚焦等。聚焦电子束的主要特点在於必要考虑空间电荷。     

电子离散发射模型的基础理论

 通过建立电子的离散发射模型并解析求解泊松方程,研究了两平行板电容器之间电子发散注入时电势的分布情况。结果表明：电子注的进入对无电子时两平板之间的电势产生了周期性和非周期性扰动,周期性扰动的平均效果为零,所以电子注产生的扰动主要由非周期性扰动体现。当电子的入射角度在0°～90°时,扰动出现了4个尖峰,除此之外电子注入对电势的扰动基本上为零,这从理论上解释了MICHELL的九粒子发射模型。     

Mean-field kinetic theory of a classical electron gas in a periodic potential. I. Formal solution of the Vlasov equation

We study the static and dynamic behavior of a classical electron gas in the periodic potential created by an ionic lattice. Using the well-known Vlasov approximation, we derive a mean-field kinetic equation for the density-response function of the electrons. This equation is formally solved in terms of the trajectories of one electron in the mean-field equilibrium potential which determines the local electronic density. The mean-field expressions of the static and dynamic structure factors are then obtained through the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. These expressions are used to show that within the mean-field approximation the system is a conductor at all temperatures and for all dimensions.     

Monte Carlo method for the Schrödinger equation with an asymmetric periodic potential

A new numerical method is proposed for solving the Cauchy problem for the Schrödinger equation with an asymmetric periodic potential superimposed by a constant electric field. The solution to the Cauchy problem is used to determine the electron’s mean momentum as a function of time, initial conditions, and the applied field. Given an initial state, the mean momentum characterizes the mean current and the conductivity of an asymmetric periodic structure known as the ratchet potential.     

On the theory of electromagnetic radiation absorption during electron intersubband transitions in superlattices

An exact solution to the Schrödinger equation for electrons in superlattices with rectangular potential barriers and a periodic potential was obtained. An exact analytical expression for the electromagnetic radiation absorbance during electron intersubband transitions in such superlattices was derived in the first-order perturbation theory with arbitrary parameters. A number of extreme cases were considered.     

CPT and Lorentz invariance violation in hydrogen-like atoms

We analyze an approximate solution to the Dirac equation for an electron in a central potential, in particular, in a Coulomb potential, when Lorentz invariance is violated. A quasi-relativistic approximation for the Dirac equation in an external field has been derived. The directivity pattern of spontaneous emission for a polarized hydrogen atom has been found to be asymmetric.     

Geometrical symmetry of atoms with applications to semiclassical calculation of energetic values

In previous papers we proved that, for stationary systems, the geometric elements of the wave described by the Schrödinger equation, namely the characteristic surfaces and their normals, are periodic solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. In this paper we prove that the Hamilton-Jacobi equation admits periodic solutions with the same geometrical symmetries as the wave function of the system in the case of the beryllium, boron, carbon and oxygen atoms. The above property is a reflection of the fact that for a multielectron atomic system the energetically most favorable geometric configuration minimizes the electron electron repulsion, and it leads to a general semiclassical calculation method, which is in principle valid for more complex systems. We show that this property can be used to compute the energetic atomic values, with the help of the central field method which we developed in previous publications. The relative error of our method is of the order 3×10^-3, compared with experimental data for the atoms mentioned above. The accuracy of our method is revealed by a comparison between our theoretical data and values resulting from Hartree-Fock methods.