恒星背景噪声对星间激光链路跟瞄系统影响的仿真分析

在恒星辐照度谱模型的基础上,根据卫星轨道理论及恒星数据库建立仿真实验系统,对低轨卫星与中继卫星间(LEO_GEO)、中继卫星间(GEO_GEO)、低轨卫星间(LEO_LEO)三种典型的星间激光链路进行了仿真研究,深入分析了恒星背景噪声对卫星光通信终端跟瞄子系统的影响规律、背景光功率等特性。仿真结果表明:对于视场较大的LEO终端,恒星进入视场的概率约为7%~10%,而对于视场较小的GEO终端,恒星进入视场的概率仅为0.05%,恒星背景光功率约为10-13~10-11W。该项工作对星间激光链路设计、光通信系统参数优化等工作具有一定指导意义。     

Strange Nonchaotic Attractors in a Time-Delay System

A nonchaotic attractor is observed in an infinite-dimensional system which is related to optical bistability and described by a nonlinear time-delay differential equation. The observed nonchaotic attractor is characterized by the strange trajectory of attractor but with negative value for the largest Lyapunov exponent, as well as the Fourier power spectra.     

Detection of determinism and randomness in time series: A method based on phase space overlap of attractors

The space overlap of an attractor reconstructed from a time series with a similarly reconstructed attractor from a random series is shown to be a sensitive measure of determinism. Results for the time series for Henon, Lorenz and Rössler systems as well as a linear stochastic signal and an experimental ECG signal are reported. The overlap increases with increasing levels of added noise, as shown in the case of Henon attractor. Further, the overlap is shown to decrease as noise is reduced in the case of the ECG signal when subjected to singular value decomposition. The scaling behaviour of the overlap with bin size affords a reliable estimate of the fractal dimension of the attractor even with limited data.     

Discontinuous and nondifferentiable functions and dimension increase induced by filtering chaotic data

We show that one can use recently introduced statistics for continuity and differentiability to show the effect of filters of infinite extent in time on a chaotic time series. The statistics point to a discontinuous or nondifferentiable function between the unfiltered attractor and the filtered attractor as the origin of attractor dimension increase when the filtering is severe. The density of discontinuities as a function of resolution follows a scaling relation. We present direct visualization of this effect in the filtered Henon attractor where the origin of dimension increase becomes obvious.     

Invariant polygons in systems with grazing-sliding

The paper investigates generic three-dimensional nonsmooth systems with a periodic orbit near grazing-sliding. We assume that the periodic orbit is unstable with complex multipliers so that two dominant frequencies are present in the system. Because grazing-sliding induces a dimension loss and the instability drives every trajectory into sliding, the system has an attractor that consists of forward sliding orbits. We analyze this attractor in a suitably chosen Poincare section using a three-parameter generalized map that can be viewed as a normal form. We show that in this normal form the attractor must be contained in a finite number of lines that intersect in the vertices of a polygon. However the attractor is typically larger than the associated polygon. We classify the number of lines involved in forming the attractor as a function of the parameters. Furthermore, for fixed values of parameters we investigate the one-dimensional dynamics on the attractor.     

一个四翼混沌吸引子

在新的四维混沌系统中数值观察到四翼混沌吸引子，然而，通过进一步分析发现，该四翼吸引子并非真实的，实际上它是上、下两个共存的双翼混沌吸引子，他们各自有独立的混沌吸引域，由于其位置靠得太近和数值误差产生的一种假象.通过引入一个线性状态反馈控制项，系统的一些相似性被破坏，受控系统能产生穿越上下吸引域界限的对角双翼混沌吸引子，进一步，随着动力学模态的演化，上下混沌吸引子与对角混沌吸引子融合成一个真正的四翼混沌吸引子.最后，通过比较该四翼混沌吸引子的系统、Lorenz系统、Chua氏电路等混沌信号的频谱发现，四翼混沌吸引子的系统信号具有极宽的频谱带宽，该特性在通讯加密等工程应用中具有重要价值. 关键词： 四维混沌系统 双翼吸引子 四翼吸引子 频谱分析     

基于小波降噪与支持向量机的恒星光谱识别研究

提出了一种对恒星光谱识别的新方法。 根据恒星光谱数据的特性,我们以支持向量机为核心技术构建光谱识别器。 由于恒星光谱数据通常含有较高的噪声,如果直接进行分类,识别率往往较低。 因此作者首先采用小波分析的方法对原始光谱数据进行降噪预处理,提取光谱的特征,然后馈送到支持向量机完成对光谱数据的最终识别。 利用实际光谱数据(Jacoby, 1984)对所提出的技术进行检测,实验结果表明使用这种小波分析结合支持向量机的技术的识别效果要优于使用支持向量机结合主分量分析降维技术的识别方法。 另外,作者还比较了支持向量机与传统甄别分析的分类性能,对实际及合成光谱进行实验的结果显示了支持向量机的识别正确率不但优于常见的5种甄别分析方法的识别率,而且有较强的泛化能力。     

Polarization interferometric stellar coronagraph

A nulling stellar coronagraph based on polarization interferometry is proposed that has achromatic characteristics. The principle and the optical setup of the nulling stellar coronagraph are described. Experimental results with monochromatic and white light show the usefulness of the proposed method. A liquid-crystal device is used as a four-quadrant polarization mask, which is the key element of a polarization interferometric stellar coronagraph.     

环域反馈下复Ginzburg-Landau系统的螺旋波动力学行为

针对自激振荡系统的复金兹伯格-朗道(Complex Ginzbury-Landau, 简称CGL)方程, 研究圆形环域与方形环域两种反馈控制下的螺旋波动力学。结果表明: 圆形环域反馈控制下, 螺旋波波头通常经过一段过渡漂移后进入圆形吸引子, 圆形吸引子的半径以及反馈刚启动时波头的漂移方向随环域参数呈周期性变化, 过渡漂移阶段波头轨道的平缓程度与复反馈信号模的时间函数中钟形部分的陡度有关, 且反馈增益的正负与大小也会影响受控螺旋波的动力学行为。方形环域反馈控制下的螺旋波波头的吸引子更为丰富, 主要包括方形吸引子、小的极限环吸引子、菱形吸引子以及点吸引子, 点吸引子通常位于方形环域的两条对角线上, 且波头运动随环域控制参数呈现规律性变换。     

Rod-pinch 二极管理论及数值模拟

介绍了Rod-pinch二极管的基本结构和工作原理，采用Laminar模型分析了Rod-pinch二极管中的粒子运动过程及其阻抗特性。考虑背景空间离子电荷的影响，用1维Laminar方程分析Rod-pinch二极管中电子的自箍缩过程，并且利用Magic程序对其中的粒子运动进行数值模拟，求解二极管中的电压和电流，最终得出二极管的阻抗特性，在较低电压下，负极性RPD的性能明显不如正极性RPD。根据临界电流经验公式，初步验证Laminar理论模型的可行性。     

The isolated critical value phenomenon in local－global riddling bifurcation

A chaotic synchronized system of two coupled skew tent maps is discussed in this paper. The locally and globally riddled basins of the chaotic synchronized attractor are studied. It is found that there is a novel phenomenon in the local－global riddling bifurcation of the attractive basin of the chaotic synchronized attractor in some specific coupling intervals. The coupling parameter corresponding to the locally riddled basin has a single value which is embedded in the coupling parameter interval corresponding to the globally riddled basin, just like a breakpoint. Also, there is no relation between this phenomenon and the form of the chaotic synchronized attractor. This phenomenon is found analytically. We also try to explain it in a physical sense. It may be that the chaotic synchronized attractor is in the critical state, as it is infinitely close to the boundary of its attractive basin. We conjecture that this isolated critical value phenomenon will be common in a system with a chaotic attractor in the critical state, in spite of the system being discrete or differential.     

基于谱线特征匹配的恒星光谱自动识别方法

我国正在实施的大型巡天项目(LAMOST项目),急需恒星光谱的自动识别系统。文章给出了一种基于谱线特征匹配的恒星光谱自动识别方法。该方法由以下主要步骤组成：(1) 利用小波变换的方法对观测光谱进行谱线特征提取;(2) 将提取出的特征和恒星谱线的特征模板进行相关匹配;(3) 根据相关匹配结果进行恒星光谱识别。通过对Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS),Data Release Four (DR4)中的大量真实光谱数据实验表明,该方法具有对噪声鲁棒等特点,正确识别率高达96.7%。该方法可对相对定标的巡天光谱进行自动识别,符合LAMOST数据的要求,可为天文学家进行恒星和银河系的结构等研究提供帮助。     

倾斜油水两相流流型混沌吸引子形态周界测度分析

在两维相空间中定义了吸引子形态周界特征量（吸引子面积、长轴、短轴）,考察了吸引子周界特征量随时间延迟的变化规律.发现在吸引子展开过程的第一区域内,其吸引子周界特征量变化率具有不变性.通过对正弦信号、噪声信号和混沌信号进行仿真分析,发现采用吸引子周界特征量可以对这些不同信号进行有效分类.在采集倾斜油水两相流电导波动信号基础上,对水为连续相的倾斜油水两相流流型进行了吸引子形态周界测度分析,发现吸引子面积增长率是描述吸引子形态的不变特征量,该特征量对水为连续相的拟段塞水包油（D O/W PS）和局部逆流水包油（ 关键词： 倾斜油水两相流 流型识别 吸引子形态 周界测度     

Asymptotic form of a strange attractor

A new model is proposed which has a strange attractor as a stationary state for small parameter values. The asymptotic form of the strange attractor is discussed by using the method of nonlinear scales.     

Observation of a continuous interior crisis in the Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model

Interior crises are understood as discontinuous changes of the size of a chaotic attractor that occur when an unstable periodic orbit collides with the chaotic attractor. We present here numerical evidence and theoretical reasoning which prove the existence of a chaos-chaos transition in which the change of the attractor size is sudden but continuous. This occurs in the Hindmarsh-Rose model of a neuron, at the transition point between the bursting and spiking dynamics, which are two different dynamic behaviors that this system is able to present. Moreover, besides the change in attractor size, other significant properties of the system undergoing the transitions do change in a relevant qualitative way. The mechanism for such transition is understood in terms of a simple one-dimensional map whose dynamics undergoes a crossover between two different universal behaviors.     

基于非参数回归与Adaboost的恒星光谱自动分类方法

通过对恒星光谱进行分析可以研究银河系的演化与结构等科学问题,光谱分类是恒星光谱分析的基本任务之一。提出了一种结合非参数回归与Adaboost对恒星光谱进行MK分类的方法,将恒星按光谱型和光度型进行分类,并识别其光谱型的次型。恒星光谱的光谱型及其次型代表了恒星的表面有效温度,而光度型则代表了恒星的发光强度。在同一种光谱型下,光度型反映了谱线形状细节的变化,因此光度型的分类必须在光谱型分类基础上进行。本文把光谱型的分类问题转化为对类别的回归问题,采用非参数回归方法进行恒星光谱型和光谱次型的分类;基于Adaboost方法组合一组K近邻分类器进行光度型分类,Adaboost将一组弱分类器加权组合产生一个强分类器,提升光度型的识别率。实验验证了所提出分类方法的有效性,光谱次型识别的精度达到0.22,光度型的分类正确率达到84%以上。实验还对比了两种KNN方法与Adaboost方法的光度型分类,结果表明,利用KNN方法对光度型分类精度低,而基于弱分类器KNN的Adaboost方法将识别率大幅提升。     

常微分方程系统中内部激变现象的研究

应用广义胞映射图论方法研究常微分方程系统的激变.揭示了边界激变是由于混沌吸引子与 在其吸引域边界上的周期鞍碰撞产生的,在这种情况下,当系统参数通过激变临界值时,混 沌吸引子连同它的吸引域突然消失,在相空间原混沌吸引子的位置上留下了一个混沌鞍.研 究混沌吸引子大小(尺寸和形状)的突然变化,即内部激变.发现这种混沌吸引子大小的突然 变化是由于混沌吸引子与在其吸引域内部的混沌鞍碰撞产生的,这个混沌鞍是相空间非吸引 的不变集,代表内部激变后混沌吸引子新增的一部分.同时研究了这个混沌鞍的形成与演化. 给出了对永久自循环胞集和瞬态自循环胞集进行局部细化的方法. 关键词： 广义胞映射 有向图 激变 混沌鞍     

基于光谱相似度的恒星大气参数自动测量方法

采用模板匹配方法进行恒星光谱的自动处理时,不需要计算光谱的线指数,而采取对全谱匹配的方法尽可能多的保存有用的信息,可得到比较理想的结果。提出一种基于光谱相似度的恒星大气参数自动测量的方法。首先对恒星光谱进行连续谱归一化,然后通过计算待测光谱和模板光谱之间的相似性来进行模板匹配,从而得到相对准确的恒星大气参数。通过ELODIE实测光谱数据和NGS理论模板库之间的实验表明,本方法可有效进行恒星大气参数的自动测量,并能得到理想的结果。     

Higher derivative correction to Kaluza–Klein black hole solution

We investigate the attractor mechanism in a Kaluza–Klein black hole solution in the presence of higher derivative terms. In particular, we discuss the attractor behavior of static black holes by using the effective potential approach as well as the entropy function formalism. We consider different higher derivative terms with a general coupling to the moduli field. For the R ² theory, we use an effective potential approach, looking for solutions which are analytic near the horizon and showing that they exist and enjoy attractor behavior. The attractor point is determined by extremization of the modified effective potential at the horizon. We study the effect of the general higher derivative corrections of R ⁿ terms. Using the entropy function we define the modified effective potential and we find the conditions to have the attractor solution. In particular for a single charged Kaluza–Klein black hole solution we show that a higher derivative correction dresses the singularity for an appropriate coupling, and we can find the attractor solution.