天然与高温高压合成金刚石的RAMAN与PL光谱研究

天然、Fe-C(H)系及Ni-C系高温高压合成金刚石的晶体形态、Raman光谱及PL谱研究结果表明：Fe-C(H)系高温高压合成金刚石多为类似于天然金刚石的八面体形态,Ni-C系高温高压合成金刚石的晶体形态多为六八面体;天然金刚石的品级最佳、所含缺陷最少,Fe-C(H)系高温高压合成金刚石次之,Ni-C系高温高压合成金刚石品级最差、所含缺陷最多;金刚石在形成过程中,除结晶生长过程外,还应该存在“排杂”过程;人们在分析天然与HPHT合成金刚石形成过程之间的关联时,除要考虑两者形成的物质体系差异外,还应该充分关注时间、空间因素在金刚石形成过程中的意义。     

磷酸根与磷酸基水化作用之比较—红外光谱研究

本文运用傅立叶变换红外光谱，对水／ＮａＤＥＨＰ／正庚烷反胶束体系中的磷酸根及磷酸三丁酯－水体系中磷酸基的水化作用进行了研究。     

应用费希尔信息量评价函数的波前编码系统设计

在兼顾图像恢复能力的基础上,将不同物距下点扩展函数相似性的评价函数费希尔信息量(Fisher Information,FI)应用到波前编码实际光学系统相位板的优化设计中。在焦距和孔径之比为3、有效焦距为100 mm的无穷远成像的双胶合系统的基础上,设计得到了双胶合-波前编码系统。通过解码前后的点扩展函数模拟和实验结果表明,该系统在5 m到无穷远的物距范围内很好地调制了系统的点扩展函数,使得它对物距不敏感。最后通过对位于5 m,10 m和15 m的三人分别进行传统双胶合成像和双胶合-波前编码系统的成像实验对比,有力地证明了双胶合系统的清晰成像的物距范围从10 m到无穷远扩展到5 m到无穷远,这使得光学系统景深得到很大的延拓。     

The evolution of chaotic dynamics for fractional unified system

Based on reliable numerical approach, this Letter studies the chaotic behavior of the fractional unified system. The lowest orders for this system to have a complete chaotic attractor (the attractor covers the three equilibrium points of the classical unified system) at different parameter values are obtained. A striking finding is that with the increase of the parameter α of the fractional unified system from 0 to 1, the lowest order for this system to have a complete chaotic attractor monotonically decreases from 2.97 to 2.07. Because of the inherent attribute (memory effects) of fractional derivatives, this finding reveals that the chaotic behavior of fractional (classical) unified system becomes stronger and stronger when α increases from 0 to 1. Furthermore, this Letter introduces a novel measure to characterize the chaos intensity of fractional (classical) differential system.     

Prototype of time digitizing system for BESⅢ endcap TOF upgrade

The prototype of a time digitizing system for the BESⅢ endcap TOF (ETOF) upgrade is introduced in this paper. The ETOF readout electronics has a distributed architecture. Hit signals from the multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC) are signaled as LVDS by front-end electronics (FEE) and are then sent to the back-end time digitizing system via long shield differential twisted pair cables. The ETOF digitizing system consists of two VME crates, each of which contains modules for time digitization, clock, trigger, fast control, etc. The time digitizing module (TDIG) of this prototype can support up to 72 electrical channels for hit information measurement. The fast control (FCTL) module can operate in barrel or endcap mode. The barrel FCTL fans out fast control signals from the trigger system to the endcap FCTLs, merges data from the endcaps and then transfers to the trigger system. Without modifying the barrel TOF (BTOF) structure, this time digitizing architecture benefits from improved ETOF performance without degrading the BTOF performance. Lab experiments show that the time resolution of this digitizing system can be lower than 20 ps, and the data throughput to the DAQ can be about 92 Mbps. Beam experiments show that the total time resolution can be lower than 45 ps.     

Prototype of time digitizing system for BESⅢ endcap TOF upgrade

The prototype of a time digitizing system for the BESⅢ endcap TOF (ETOF) upgrade is introduced in this paper. The ETOF readout electronics has a distributed architecture. Hit signals from the multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC) are signaled as LVDS by front-end electronics (FEE) and are then sent to the back-end time digitizing system via long shield differential twisted pair cables. The ETOF digitizing system consists of two VME crates, each of which contains modules for time digitization, clock, trigger, fast control, etc. The time digitizing module (TDIG) of this prototype can support up to 72 electrical channels for hit information measurement. The fast control (FCTL) module can operate in barrel or endcap mode. The barrel FCTL fans out fast control signals from the trigger system to the endcap FCTLs, merges data from the endcaps and then transfers to the trigger system. Without modifying the barrel TOF (BTOF) structure, this time digitizing architecture benefits from improved ETOF performance without degrading the BTOF performance. Lab experiments show that the time resolution of this digitizing system can be lower than 20 ps, and the data throughput to the DAQ can be about 92 Mbps. Beam experiments show that the total time resolution can be lower than 45 ps.     

Enhancement of the efficiency of magnetic targeting for drug delivery: Development and evaluation of magnet system

Deep magnetic capture and clinical application are the current trends for magnetic targeted drug delivery system. More promising and possible strategies are needed to overcome the current limitations and further improve the magnetic targeting technique. Recent advances in the development of targeting magnet system show promise in progressing this technology from the laboratory to the clinic. Starting from well-known basic concepts, current limitations of magnetic targeted drug delivery system are analyzed. Meanwhile, the design concepts and evaluations of some effective improvements in magnet system are discussed and reviewed with reference to (i) reasonable design of magnet system; (ii) control modes of magnet system used to generate dynamical magnetic fields; and (iii) magnetic field driving types.     

Notes on Multi-linear Variable Separation Approach

The multi-linear variable separation approach method is very useful to solve (2+1)-dimensional integrable systems. In this letter, we extend this method to solve (1+1)-dimensional Boiti system, (2+1)-dimensional Burgers system, (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton system, and (2+1)-dimensional Maccari system. Some new exact solutions are obtained and the universal formula obtained from many (2+1)-dimensional systems is extended or modified.     

New Family of Exact Solutions and Chaotic Soltions of Generalized Breor-Kaup System in (2+1)-Dimensions via an Extended Mapping Approach

Starting from an extended mapping approach, a new type of variable separation solution with arbitrary functions of generalized (2 1)-dimensional Broer-Kaup system (GBK) system is derived. Then based on the derived solitary wave solution, we obtain some specific chaotic solitons to the (2 1)-dimensional GBK system.     

玉米胚芽胚乳中油水动态行为的NMR研究

应用核磁共振时域二维弛豫相关谱分析的方法,对玉米胚芽的核磁共振弛豫特性进行了研究.对以下三种样品进行了测定:(1)胚芽不含油(用化学方法蒸馏出)但是含有不同百分含量的水;(2)胚芽不含水(真空蒸发)但是含有不同百分含量的油;(3)含有不同百分含量的水的胚乳水系统.研究表明随着水含量的增加水的纵向弛豫时间T₁减小,表明水与胚芽基质具有强烈的相互作用,而油的纵向弛豫时间T₁随着油含量的增加变化很小,表明油与胚芽基质之间没有大的相互作用,油几乎独立地处在胚芽中;对低水分(少于5%)玉米胚芽水系统,结果表明水是束缚于胚芽基质上,而油则是以油胞的形式存在于胚芽中.在玉米胚芽水系统中有两个T₁弛豫成分,长T₁弛豫成分从基质到水的交换率为57s^-1;从水到基质的交换率为113s^-1.短T₁成分从基质到水的交换率为245s^-1;从水到基质的交换率为821s^-1.在低水合状态下,胚乳水系统仅有一个T₁弛豫成分.胚乳到水的交换率高于37s^-1.     

GWs from S-stars Revolving Around SMBH at Sgr A*

A preliminary estimation of gravitational waves (GWs) from the extreme-mass-ratio-inspirals (EMRIs) system in the Galactic Centre (GC) is given for the 37 observed S-stars revolving around the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at Sagittarius (Sgr) A^*. Within this century, the total strain of the gravitational waveform calculated from the post-Newtonian (PN) method with eccentricity is well below the current planned sensitivity of pulsar-timing-array (PTA). New technology might be required in order to extract GW signal from this EMRIs system for future PTA detections.     

Hybrid TS fuzzy modelling and simulation for chaotic Lorenz system

The projection of the chaotic attractor observed from the Lorenz system in the $X$--$Z$ plane is like a butterfly, hence the classical Lorenz system is widely known as the butterfly attractor, and has served as a prototype model for studying chaotic behaviour since it was coined.In this work we take one step further to investigate some fundamental dynamic behaviours of a novel hybrid Takagi--Sugeno (TS) fuzzy Lorenz-type system, which is essentially derived from the delta-operator-based TS fuzzy modelling for complex nonlinear systems, and contains the original Lorenz system of continuous-time TS fuzzy form as a special case. By simply and appropriately tuning the additional parametric perturbations in the two-rule hybrid TS fuzzy Lorenz-type system, complex (two-wing) butterfly attractors observed from this system in the three dimensional (3D) $X$--$Y$--$Z$ space are created, which have not yet been reported in the literature, and the forming mechanism of the compound structures have been numerically investigated.     

New Family of Exact Solutions and Chaotic Soltions of Generalized Breor-Kaup System in （2＋1）-Dimensions via an Extended Mapping Approach

Starting from an extended mapping approach, a new type of variable separation solution with arbitrary functions of generalized （2＋1）-dimensional Broer-Kaup system （GBK） system is derived. Then based on the derived solitary wave solution, we obtain some specific chaotic solitons to the （2＋1）-dimensional GBK system.     

Hot-film anemometry for measuring lateral line stimuli

A hot-film anemometer system has been calibrated and evaluated for the measurement of sinusoidal water motions used in stimulating the mechanosensory lateral line system of a teleost fish. The response of the anemometer system to water motions created by a vibrating sphere was measured over a wide range of frequencies, intensities, and distances from the sphere. The amplitude response of the system to signals along the axis of sphere vibration was found to be linear over a 50-dB range for frequencies from 10-200 Hz, with the lowest end of the dynamic range (between 10(-8) and 10(-9) m) corresponding to physiological measures of best sensitivity in the lateral line system of the mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi. The measured attenuation of the signal with distance was also linear over this frequency range out to distances of six times the radius ( = 3 mm) of the sphere and followed the predicted falloff rate for a dipolar source. The linear response of the anemometer system over a wide dynamic range encompassing the detection range of the lateral line system, and the match between predicted and measured motions at varying distances from a dipolar source, indicates that hot-film anemometry is a useful technique for measuring low-level, low-frequency signals likely to stimulate the lateral line system and other hydrodynamic detectors.     

La_(1．6-x)Nd_(0．4)Sr_xCuO_4超导电性的反常特性

分析并讨论了La_(1．6-x)Nd_(0．4)Sr_x CuO_4系列单相性样品(x=0．08～0．25)的晶体结构和超导电性。结果表明,晶体结构随着Sr掺杂量的变化规律与La_(2-x)Sr_x CuO_4系列相似。超导电性方面,La_(1．6-x)Nd_(0．4)Sr_x CuO_4系列超导转变温度均远小于相应的La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4系列组分。同La_(1．875)Ba_(0．125)CuO_4相似,La_(1．48)Nd_(0．4)Sr_(0．12)CuO_4处出现显著的极小值8K但高于La_(1．875)Ba_(0．125)CuO_4。La_(1．6-x)Nd_(0．4)Sr_x CuO_4系列的超导电性明显与La_(2-x)Sr_x CuO_4系列有着不同的特性,虽然同La_(2-x) Ba_xCuO_4系列相似但仍有区别。我们从其晶体结构的反常变化的角度对La_(1．6-x)Nd_(0．4)Sr_x CuO_4系列反常的超导电性做了初步的解释。     

EXTRACTION OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM MATRICES FROM AN IDENTIFIED STATE-SPACE SYSTEM USING THE COMBINED MEASUREMENTS OF DVA

A time domain method for the extraction of the structural system matrices (mass, damping and stiffness matrices) from an identified state-space system is proposed in this paper using the combined measurements of displacement, velocity and acceleration (DVA) together with the input excitations. The method is based on the invariance of continuous-time Markov parameters. An explicit expression of the relationship between the continuous-time Markov parameters, the structural system matrices, and the influence matrices for output DVA as well as the input force has been derived. The determination of structural system matrices is also valid when only the displacement, velocity or acceleration responses are measured. In this paper, the equivalent state system matrices are obtained by an algorithm, which combines the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) and the autoregressive with exogeneous (ARX) model. The ARX model provides the necessary discrete-time Markov parameters from the measured input and output data, and then the equivalent state system matrices are identified from discrete-time Markov parameters by using the ERA. A lumped mass model with three degrees of freedom is employed to illustrate the accuracy and feasibility of the presented method.     

Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy of Gold Nanoparticles

Diffusion dynamics of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The fluorescence was studied by exciting the particles by green laser (532 nm), which is far from longitudinal plasmon band of nanorods. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer were used to characterize the gold nanoparticles. Despite their low quantum yields, GNPs possess the native fluorescence. The excellent antiphotobleaching behavior of gold nanorods leads to prospects of using FCS for its detailed studies. Using FCS, dynamic information can be extracted from the fluorescence fluctuations in the system by autocorrelation function. Maximum entropy method (MEMFCS) was used to identify the number of distinct components present in the system. The particle sizes obtained from FCS were found to be higher (by few orders of magnitude) compared to TEM analysis. This might be due to the possible contributions from cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) capping in the system.     

285 nm激光光解对苯醌-乙二醇体系的CIDEP波谱解析

在285 nm紫外激光辐照下,用时间分辨电子自旋共振(TRESR)波谱仪研究了对苯醌/乙二醇(PBQ/EG)体系,得到了发射的苯半醌中性自由基PBQH.和乙二醇碳自由基R.(OH)2的CIDEP谱.在化学诱导动态电子极化(CIDEP)基本原理的基础上,建立合理的计算模型,编写相应的程序,对PBQH.和R.(OH)2的CIDEP形成机理进行了定量的解析.通过对不同延时下该体系各种自由基及不同机理成分的对比,明显看出由RPM形成的PBQH.比由TM形成的PBQH.衰减快.这种分析方法可以推广应用于其它体系的CIDEP实验谱的解析.     

Inward propagating chemical waves in a single-phase reaction-diffusion system

We report our experimental and theoretical studies of inwardly propagating chemical waves (antiwaves) in a single-phase reaction-diffusion (RD) system. The experiment was conducted in an open spatial reactor using chlorite-iodide-malonic acid reaction. When the system was set to near Hopf bifurcation point, antiwaves appeared spontaneously, as predicted using both the reaction-diffusion (RD) equation and the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE). Antiwaves change to ordinary waves when the system was moved away from the Hopf onset, which still agreed with RD simulations but could not be predicted by CGLE. We thus witnessed a new type of antiwave-wave exchange. Our analysis showed that this exchange occurred when the CGLE broke down as the system was far from the Hopf onset.