基于色貌的跨媒体颜色复制

介绍了一种基于视觉匹配的跨媒体颜色复制方法。通过视觉匹配将一个环境下的一些色貌因素"映射"到另一个环境,是一种基于色貌的CRT特性化方法。该方法复制的22个Munsell色卡的平均视觉评价为6分制的5.17分。其中,红色调的复制色块视觉评价较好,蓝色调或蓝色占有较大比例的复制色块误差较大。sRGB作为目前流行的用于颜色通讯的标准色空间,在实验中也进行了比较。实验证明这种基于视觉匹配的特性化方法,已经包含了一些色貌因素,可以满足一般的应用要求,有着广泛的应用前景。     

About the use of transmission dielectric gratings in colour or black-and-white reproduction

We study, by applying electromagnetic theory, the properties of dielectric sinusoidal gratings used in black-and-white zero-order diffraction reproduction. It is shown how the spacing and the groove depth can be chosen in order to improve the black density.     

Using digital colour to increase the realistic appearance of SEM micrographs of bloodstains

Although in the scientific-research literature the micrographs from scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) are usually displayed in greyscale, the potential of colour resources provided by the SEM-coupled image-acquiring systems and, subsidiarily, by image-manipulation free softwares deserves be explored as a tool for colouring SEM micrographs of bloodstains. After acquiring greyscale SEM micrographs of a (dark red to the naked eye) human blood smear on grey chert, they were manually obtained in red tone using both the SEM-coupled image-acquiring system and an image-manipulation free software, as well as they were automatically generated in thermal tone using the SEM-coupled system. Red images obtained by the SEM-coupled system demonstrated lower visual-discrimination capability than the other coloured images, whereas those in red generated by the free software rendered better magnitude of scopic information than the red images generated by the SEM-coupled system. Thermal-tone images, although were further from the real sample colour than the red ones, not only increased their realistic appearance over the greyscale images, but also yielded the best visual-discrimination capability among all the coloured SEM micrographs, and fairly enhanced the relief effect of the SEM micrographs over both the greyscale and the red images. The application of digital colour by means of the facilities provided by an SEM-coupled image-acquiring system or, when required, by an image-manipulation free software provides a user-friendly, quick and inexpensive way of obtaining coloured SEM micrographs of bloodstains, avoiding to do sophisticated, time-consuming colouring procedures. Although this work was focused on bloodstains, well probably other monochromatic or quasi-monochromatic samples are also susceptible of increasing their realistic appearance by colouring them using the simple methods utilized in this study.     

Prediction of Chinese color system appearance scales using various color appearance models

The chromaticities of the Chinese color system dataset are applied to eight color appearance models (CAMs). Models used are: CIELAB, Hunt, Nayatani, RLAB, LLAB, ZLAB, CIECAM97s, CIECAM02.     

Analytical model of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice. Influence of bilirubin kinetics on skin colour during phototherapy

Summary Recent progress in diode-array detector technology and signal processing methods, and in the optical modelling of tissues allow: i) real-time, multispectral analysis of reflected spectra with relatively simple and compact devices; and ii) improved correlations between reflectance spectra and pigment distribution in tissues. Second-generation transcutaneous bilirubinometers relying on the changes in the optical properties of the skin at selected wavelengths due to changes in its optical components are being developed. To extend the use of transcutaneous bilirubinometry to the phototherapy cycle, the modelling of the complex mechanisms of bilirubin photochemistry and metabolism in the various body compartments is required. As a first step toward this aim, the influence of bilirubin photochemistry occurring during the initial stage of phototherapy on the reflectance spectrum of an icteric tissue is analysed. A four-layer model is assumed. The transformation of bilirubin into its configurational isomers is considered in detail, while the role of the structural isomer on bilirubin elimination is taken into account with a loss term in the equation of motion of bilirubin concentration. The phototherapeutic process makes the illumination in the bile pigment layer depend on time. However, in the specific cases here considered, this time variation is negligible, and the differential equations describing the time evolution of bile pigment concentrations can be solved in a closed form. The bilirubin kinetics produces significant changes of the diffuse reflectance spectra during phototherapy, and the difference of the colour after the phototherapeutic treatment of a known duration can be put in close correspondence with the model of the jaundiced skin and permits quantitative estimates of pigment concentrations.     

Strategies for reproduction and ageing

The process of accumulation of deleterious mutations is the fundamental reason of ageing, according to the evolutionary theory. In this theory, the individuals better fitted to reproduce will suffer this accumulation in adulthood or old age. We present results obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of the Penna model dealing with the influence of environmental conditions in the reproductive regimes and its consequences on the population ageing: longevity and catastrophic senescence. Moreover, the role of antagonistic pleiotropy in the time evolution is discussed. A puzzling experimental result obtained in species with gender differentiation is the existence of different survival probabilities for males and females. This matter is discussed here in the context of antagonistic pleiotropy.     

Investigation of laminar appearance of articular cartilage by means of magnetic resonance microscopy

Magnetic resonance (MR) images and relaxation and diffusion maps of articular cartilage were obtained to explain discrepancies in its MR appearance. Porcine specimens were studied only by MR microscopy. For human specimens a combination of MR microscopy and large-scale MR imaging was used. Common features in the laminar structures of human and porcine samples are described. It was found that the decay of transverse magnetization was nonexponential with a rapidly decaying component which prevented construction of reliable proton-density maps. Dependence of T₂ values on the orientation of specimens in the magnetic field as well as magnetization transfer experiments supported the previous suggestions about a significant role of dipolar interaction with protons of collagen in the laminar appearance of articular cartilage. The loss of the laminar structure induced by rotation of the human cartilage specimen around the axis normal to its surface demonstrated nonuniform angular distribution of the collagen fibers within the layer.     

一种彩色图像边缘检测方法

研究了基于小波的彩色图像多尺度边缘检测的方法。选择了感知性强的YUV色彩空间，根据小波理论用多分辨分析的张量积代替小波函数的张量积，建立了二维的Mallat算法以实现快速小波变换。并对1个标准图样进行了多尺度的小波分解，得到各尺度下的边缘检测结果。可以看出，在较高尺度和较低尺度检测时，实验结果与理论分析相吻合，效果较好。     

Real-time optical monitoring system for dye colour and concentration

A system for real-time monitoring of a dye has been constructed which enables us to measure the concentration and fluctuations of the three base colours. The method is based on light attenuation theory and its principle requires three different lasers having the three base colours. The system consisted of a semiconductor laser and argon ion laser for light sources, a photodiode for a light detector and a personal computer for data processing. Detection sensitivity for the dye concentration was a few and the system can be applied for practical uses.     

Raman spectroscopy of Chinese human skin in vivo

A novel and compact near-infrared (NIR) Raman system is developed using 785-nm diode laser, volumephase technology (VPT) holographic system, and NIR intensified charge-coupled device (CCD). Signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) and resolution are improved compared with ordinary acquisition method by a specially designed optical fiber detector and the spectrograph image aberration correction with a parabolic-line fiber array. In 1-5 s, Raman spectra of different parts of Chinese human skin are acquired. Autofluorescence is subtracted from the raw spectrum by polynomial fitting and skin Raman spectrum is then smoothed for further analysis.     

Spectral imaging system for non-contact colour measurement

This paper describes the development of a non-contact system for measuring colour of printed material at web speeds. The system proposed uses a non-contact spectrophotometer based on a holographic grating, in conjunction with a conventional monochrome area scan camera, from which colour spectral data is extracted, whilst a xenon flash is used to illuminate colour samples. Software and hardware details of the system are given, along with the underlying mathematics for colour space conversion and measurement. Conversion equations from X, Y, Z chromaticity co-ordinates to the RGB system are presented, and also equations to convert from the L^*a^*b^* colour space to X, Y, Z chromaticity co-ordinates. Experimental results are presented whereby the non-contact spectral system is shown to perform to a colour tolerance exceeding that of conventional colour video systems.     

Supersymmetric strings and colour confinement

The (infinite-dimensional) supersymmetry algebra in 1 + 1 space-time dimension is extended in order to incorporate, in a non-trivial way, an internal symmetry. It turns out that this requirement implies that the internal symmetry is realized as a local gauge symmetry. Moreover, it is possible to construct string-like models with this underlying symmetry, where colour confinement is exactly realized as a consequence of the gauge constraints.     

Investigation of electron interaction in adsorption by static skin effect method

The reflection of the conduction electrons from surfaces of a thin (d = 100 μm) monocrystalline plate of tungsten [(110) face] is investigated by the method of static skin effect. It is found that by heating the crystal in vacuum up to 2500 °K, the oxide layer is removed and the specular reflection of the conductive electrons increases. The adsorption of the monomolecular layers of barium and copper atoms markedly increases diffuse reflection. A resonance mechanism of carrier interaction in the metal with adsorbed atoms is discussed.     

硫酸卡那霉素颜色的谱识别方法

本文提出一种硫酸卡那霉素药液颜色的谱识别新方法。该方法突破了传统的三刺激值测色模式，提出了用光谱特征及非固定的背景模式代替三刺激值及ＣＩＥ测量模式，建立了良好的判别函数，适于药液颜色的客观检测与定级，结果令人满意     

A search for colour van der Waals interaction

It is suggested that the strength of nuclear colour van der Waals interaction, if present, can be determined by measuring deviations from Rutherford scattering of charged hadrons from nuclei, at energies well below the Coulomb barrier. Experimental limit on the strength of such a potential is obtained asλ<50, when the colour van der Waals potential is given byV(r)=λ(hc/r ₀)(r ₀/r)⁷, withr ₀, the scaling length, taken as 1 fm. This limit is obtained from an analysis of existing experiments and by performing scattering experiments of 3–4.6 MeV protons from a²⁰⁸Pb target.     

研究干涉图处理与光谱复原的一种新方法

简要论述了自行研制的空间调制型偏振干涉成像光谱仪的工作原理及干涉图获取模式，采用三种不同的光谱复原方法分别对干涉图进行了处理和光谱复原，并对实验结果进行了分析比较.将非参数模型Music算法引进到干涉图的光谱复原处理中，极大的提高了复原光谱的分辨率，为超高分辨率的光谱复原分析技术提供了较好的数学模型，为提高光谱分辨率提供了可能的依据和新方法. 关键词： 空间调制 偏振干涉成像光谱技术 光谱复原 Music算法     

On a predictive scheme for colour image quantization

In this paper we proposed an improved colour image quantization scheme based on predictive coding. Since the neighbouring colour pixels are quite similar in most colour images, the similarity among the encoded pixels is exploited. In the proposed scheme the encoded distinct neighbouring colours are collected to form a smaller state-palette. If the closest colour in the state-palette is quite similar to the current encoding colour pixel, the index of the closest colour in the state-palette is recorded. Otherwise, the closest colour in original colour palette for the current encoding colour pixel is searched and the corresponding index is recorded. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves good image qualities while requiring much lower bit rates for colour image compression.     

Nonperturbative QCD vacuum and colour superconductivity

We discuss the possibility of existence of colour superconducting state in real QCD vacuum with nonzero _sGG. We argue, that nonperturbative gluonic fields might play a crucial role in colour superconductivity scenario.     

Conditions for the appearance of gravitational ultrarelativistic spin-orbital interaction

A qualitative analysis of the energy and momentum integrals for the Mathisson-Papapetrou equations in a Schwarzschild field is employed to determine the conditions under which all solutions of the exact Mathisson-Papapetrou equations corresponding to fixed initial coordinate and velocity values differ significantly from the solution of the abbreviated equations normally used for the same initial data. Numerical computer calculations provide additional indication of a difference in the world lines of the exact Mathisson-Papapetrou equations from solutions of the geodesic equations at ultrarelativistic velocity values. For high energy particles entering into the composition of cosmic rays one can expect appearance of gravitational ultrarelativistic spin-orbital interaction upon motion of such particles in the field of a neutron star.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 8–12, October, 1985.     

Broken colour symmetry and liberated quarks

We present and discuss a quark model of hadrons, in which local SU(3) gauge symmetry is completely broken and yet asymptotic freedom is presented. There is no infrared slavery in this model, and isolated quarks are free to exist. Colour becomes a global symmetry which is only approximate under SU(3) but nearly exact under SU(2) × U(1), as far as the usual hadron spectroscopy is concerned.