锂离子二次电池锡的氧化物负极材料的研究

现有的商品化锂离子二次电池均采用石墨化碳质为负极材料。该类负极材料的制备需要高温（＞２０００℃），而且理论容量有限（＜３７２ｍＡｈ／ｇ），不到金属锂的十分之一。因此人们开展了低温碳材料的研究［１］，可是低温碳材料存在着电压滞后现象，第一次的充放电效率...     

纳米钴基氧化物锂离子电池负极材料的研究

采用流变相法合成Co3 O4 ,CoB1.3 6 O2 .8,CoB0 .5Al0 .1O1.5样品 ,并研究其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能 .当电池在 0 .0 1～ 3.0 0V的电压范围之间循环时 ,Li/Co3 O4 电池表现出最好的充放电性能 :循环 30周后 ,可逆比容量仍能保持为初始比容量 (931mAh/g)的 95 % .掺杂了B ,Al材料 ,其可逆比容量与未掺杂的相比明显降低 ,而且第 1周可逆容量随掺杂的B、Al量的增加而减少 .通过异位XRD方法研究了不同充放电态Co3 O4 电极材料结构的变化 .结果表明 ,Co3 O4 电极在充放电过程中与Li的反应机理不同于传统的过渡金属与Li的反应机理 ,即非Li+ 的嵌入 /脱出或合金的形成 ,而是Co3 O4 的可逆还原氧化以及Li2 O的可逆形成与分解机理     

锂离子电池锡氧化物基负极材料的湿化学合成与电化学性质

采用新兴的湿化学方法合成了锡氧化物基粉末材料。用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜和电化学方法对材料的微观结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了详细的研究。结果表明，经400 ℃热处理4 h的锡氧化物基材料的颗粒大小均匀，平均粒径约为200 nm。这种材料的可逆充电容量超过570 mAh·g^-1，30次循环后平均每次循环的容量衰减只有0.15%。良好的电化学性能表明锡氧化物基材料有望作为新一代锂离子电池的负极材料。     

锂离子电池Sb基负极材料研究进展

Sb基材料作为一类合金机制的锂离子电池负极材料,因具有比容量高、安全性好等优点受到广泛关注。 然而,由于Sb基负极材料在充放电过程中的体积效应和本身导电性较差等问题导致的循环性能不理想,制约了其作为锂离子电池负极材料的商业化应用。 本文综述了近年来在锂离子电池Sb基各类负极材料方面的研究进展,重点介绍了它们的反应机理、合成方法及电化学性能,并对Sb基负极材料的发展方向进行了展望。     

Sn基复合物类锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展

锂离子电池能够成功应用的关键在于锂离子可以可逆嵌入与脱出的负极材料的制备。本文按嵌锂方式分类介绍了锂离子电池的最新研究进展,并对锡基负极材料的研究情况进行了综述,同时,也提出了各种负极材料在研究中存在的问题及今后的发展前景。     

锂离子电池负极硅基材料

硅基材料由于其高电化学容量是一种非常有发展前途的锂离子电池负极材料,但其在充放电过程中体积变化大、循环寿命差、首次库仑效率低等是阻碍其商业化的主要问题.本文综述了硅在脱嵌锂时晶体结构及表/界面的变化,以及改善其电化学性能方面的研究进展,并阐述其作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究前景.     

硅基锂离子电池负极材料

硅是目前已知比容量(4200 mAh ·g^-1)最高的锂离子电池负极材料,但由于其巨大的体积效应(> 300%),硅电极材料在充放电过程中会粉化而从集流体上剥落,使得活性物质与活性物质、活性物质与集流体之间失去电接触,同时不断形成新的固相电解质层(SEI),最终导致电化学性能的恶化。本文介绍了硅作为锂离子电池负极材料的储能及容量衰减机理,总结了通过硅材料的选择和结构设计来解决充放电过程中巨大体积效应的相关工作,并讨论了一些具有代表性的硅基复合材料的制备方法、电化学性能和相应机理,重点介绍了硅炭复合材料。另外,介绍了一些电极的处理方法和其提高硅基负极材料电化学性能的可能机理。最后,对硅基负极材料存在的问题进行了分析,并展望了其研究前景。     

锂离子电池负极材料非晶态MgSnO3的合成和性能研究

锂离子电池金属氧化物负极材料越来越受到人们的重视.锡基氧化物贮锂材料具有能量密度较高、清洁无污染、原料来源广泛、价格便宜等优点,是金属氧化物类负极材料中极具发展潜力的一种负极材料.因此,近年来人们对这类材料开展了广泛的研究[1～6].     

锂离子电池铜锡锑合金负极材料研究

以化学还原法制备了锂离子电池纳米铜锡锑三元合金负极材料Cu6Sn5Sb5,通过XRD、TEM和电化学测试对材料进行了表征,用非原位XRD测试方法研究了材料的贮锂机理.所制备的材料颗粒粒径大小分布在15～30nm之间.在充放电电压为1.5～OV范围内,初始可逆充电容量为595mAh/g,经过30次循环后,充电容量保持79...     

锂离子电池锡-金属-碳复合负极材料

石墨作为锂离子电池的负极材料已经使用了很长时间。但由于其嵌锂容量低,已不能满足动力电池快速发展的需求。而锡可以与锂形成合金,有可能取代石墨成为下一代锂离子电池负极材料。但是单纯的金属锡在电池循环过程中发生巨大的体积变化,容易导致电极材料的粉化。而碳材料具有较高的导电性,良好的机械性能和储锂性能。为了充分发挥金属锡和碳材料的优势,锡-碳(Sn-C)复合材料得到了广泛研究。本文详细介绍了无定型碳、石墨(G)、石墨烯(GP)、碳纳米管(CNT)、碳纳米纤维(CNF)等碳材料作为惰性的导电基体与锡形成的二元复合物,阐述了锡与其它金属(M)形成的碳基三元、多元复合物的结构和性能。通过总结近些年对锡碳复合物结构与性能的研究,相信多元复合和多种结构的应用是提高锡-碳复合负极材料的关键。其中,以Sn-Co-C为基础的多元复合负极材料最有可能走向市场应用。     

中间相Si-Cu合金作为锂离子电池负极材料的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理平面波赝势法,对中间相Si-Cu合金作为锂离子电池负极材料的嵌脱锂机理进行研究.结果表明,4个Si-Cu合金相中Si0.125Cu0.875合金相具有最低的体积膨胀系数及最低的嵌锂电位,导电性在4个合金相中排第二位,具有最佳的电化学综合性能.     

Nano-structured phosphorus composite as high-capacity anode materials for lithium batteries

More than LiP service: The adsorption of red phosphorus into porous carbon provides a composite anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The amorphous nano phosphorus, in the carbon matrix, shows highly reversible lithium storage with high coulombic efficiencies and stable cycling capacity of 750?mAh per gram composite.     

Studies of Nano－sized Co304 as Anode Materials for Lithium－ion Batteries

The structural evolution of the Co₃O₄ fine powders prepared by rheological phase reaction and pyrolysis method upon different temperature has been investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) topography. The electrochemical performance of Co₃O₄ electrode materials for Li‐ion batteries is studied in the form of Li/Co₃O₄ cells. The reversible capacity as high as 930 mAh/g for the Co₃O₄ sample heat‐treated at 600 °C is achieved and sustained over 30 times charge‐discharge cycles at room temperature. The detailed information concerning the reaction mechanism of Co₃O₄ active material together with lithium ion is obtained through ex‐situ XRD topography, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. And it is revealed that a “two‐step” reaction is involved in the charge and discharge of the Li/Co₃O₄ cells, in which Co₃O₄ active material is reversibly reduced into xCoO(3 ‐ x)CoO and then into metallic Co.     

高产率/低成本制备一维纳米结构负极材料及其在锂离子电池中的应用

锂离子电池的性能在很大程度上由其电极材料决定.目前,商用的锂离子电池负极材料主要为石墨,其性能并不能满足下一代大容量/高功率锂电池的需求.尽管科研工作者在新型锂离子电池负极材料方面做了大量的研究,但距离其大规模应用仍然有诸多问题需要解决,其中最重要的问题之一为实现其高产率/低成本的规模化制备.本文重点介绍了本课题组在一维纳米结构负极材料规模化制备方面取得的进展,包括一维多孔三氧化二铁/四氧化三钴、一维多孔草酸盐和一维多孔铁酸锌.     

Carbon anode materials from polysiloxanes for lithium ion batteries

Three kinds of silicon-containing disordered carbons have been prepared by pyrolysis of polysiloxanes with different amounts of phenyl side groups. X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical capacity measurements were performed to study their behaviors. Graphite crystallites, micropores, and silicon species affect their electrochemical performances. All of them present high reversible capacities, >372 mAh/g. Since the graphite crystallites are very small, they contribute very little to reversible capacity. The number of micropores produced by gas emission during the heat-treatment process decides whether they exhibit reversible capacity. Si mainly exists in the form C–Si–O and influences the irreversible capacity. There is no evident capacity fading in the first ten cycles, indicating promising properties for these disordered carbons.     

Microporous carbon aerogel prepared through ambient pressure drying route as anode material for lithium ion cells

Carbon aerogel synthesized through a cost‐effective and easy method was evaluated and found to be a promising anode material for lithium ion cells. Carbon aerogel was prepared by carbonizing resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) aerogel under inert atmosphere. Resorcinol–formaldehyde aerogel in turn was prepared through sol gel polymerization of resorcinol with formaldehyde using sodium carbonate as catalyst adopting ambient pressure drying route. The structure and the morphology of the prepared carbon aerogel are investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and surface area determined using N₂–Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The TEM images reveal microporous morphology of the carbon aerogel particles. The evaluation of carbon aerogel as an anode material revealed promising specific capacity synergized with outstanding cyclability. The first cycle specific capacity was 288 mAh/g with an efficiency of 63% at C/10 rate. The material retained a capacity of 96.9% of the initial capacity with about 100% efficiency after 100 cycles, showing the excellent cyclability of the material. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

锂离子电池负极材料铜锌锡硫纳米颗粒的制备及其电化学性能

以金属氯化物为金属源,硫脲为硫源,聚乙二醇和乙二醇为混合溶剂,采用溶剂热法一步合成了球形的铜锌锡硫纳米颗粒.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析了铜锌锡硫纳米颗粒的物相、结构、形貌;利用电池测试系统对以铜锌锡硫纳米颗粒为锂离子电池负极材料组装的锂离子电池的电化学性能进行了测试.结果表明:所得到的产物为具有锌黄锡矿结构的纯相铜锌锡硫,颗粒直径在300～500nm.铜锌锡硫纳米颗粒作为锂离子电池的负极材料具有较好的稳定性,有望在锂离子电池研究和应用中得到推广.     

Dispersing SnO2 nanocrystals in amorphous carbon as a cyclic durable anode material for lithium ion batteries

We demonstrate a facile route for the massive production of SnCb/carbon nanocomposite used as high-capacity anode materials of nextgeneration lithium-ion batteries.The nanocomposite had a unique structure of ultrafine SnO2 nanocrystals（5 nm,80 wt%） homogeneously dispersed in amorphous carbon matrix.This structure design can well accommodate the volume change of Li＋ insertion/desertion in SnO2,and prevent the aggregation of the nanosized active materials during cycling,leading to superior cycle performance with stable reversible capacity of 400 mAh/g at a high current rate of 3.3 A/g.     

Copper-cobalt-nickel oxide nanowire arrays on copper foams as self-standing anode materials for lithium ion batteries

Numerous scientists are in the pursuit of energy storage materials with high energy and high power density by assembly of electrochemically active materials into conductive scaffolds, owing to the emerging need for next-generation energy storage devices. In this architectures, the active materials bonded to the conductive scaffold can provide a robust and free-standing structure, which is crucial to the fabrication of materials with high gravimetric capacity. Thus, hierarchical copper-cobalt-nickel ternary oxide (CuCoNi-oxide) nanowire arrays grown from copper foam were successfully fabricated as free-standing anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). CuCoNi-oxide nanowire arrays could provide more active sites owing to the hyperbranched structure, leading to a better specific capacity of 1191 mAh/g, cycle performance of 73% retention in comparison to CuO nanowire structure, which exhibited a specific capacity of 1029 mAh/g and capacity retention of 43%, respectively.     

Nano-crystalline FeOOH mixed with SWNT matrix as a superior anode material for lithium batteries

Nano-crystalline FeOOH particles(5～10 nm) have been uniformly mixed with electric matrix of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)for forming FeOOH/SWNT composite via a facile ultrasonication method. Directly using the FeOOH/SWNT composite(containing 15 wt%SWNTs) as anode material for lithium battery enhances kinetics of the Li+insertion/extraction processes, thereby effectively improving reversible capacity and cycle performance, which delivers a high reversible capacity of 758 mAh g-1under a current density of 400 mA g-1even after 180 cycles, being comparable with previous reports in terms of electrochemical performance for FeOOH anode. The good electrochemical performance should be ascribed to the small particle size and nano-crystalline of FeOOH, as well as the good electronic conductivity of SWNT matrix.