楔形杆中弹塑性波的一种渐近展开式

据我们所知,楔形杆中弹塑性波尚未有很好的分析方法。对弹性波有文献[1,2]等,其中文献[1]研究了圆锥壳轴向撞击的波动问题,发现楔形杆是其很好的近似,故后者的研究对圆锥壳具有重要意义。文中采用拉氏变换方法求得两种特殊情况下(波阵面和冲击端附近,的渐近解,而一般情形下的解未能得到。也有人用WKB方法讨论了类似问题,但仅限于波长很短的情形,局限性很大。另外,文献[5]用正则摄动法研究了楔形杆的自振问题。 本文针对楔形杆(和圆锥壳)的特点建议了一种渐近展开式,并求解了弹性波和弹塑性波问题,并与其他一些方法及其结果进行了比较。     

梯形应力脉冲在弹性杆中的传播过程和几何弥散

在应力波传播过程中,几何弥散效应往往难以避免.对应力波在弹性杆中传播的几何弥散效应进行解析分析,对于基础波动问题研究以及材料动态力学行为表征等课题,显得至关重要.本文简单说明了弹性杆中考虑横向惯性修正的一维 Rayleigh-Love应力波理论,概述了其波动控制方程的变分法推导过程;针对 Hopkinson杆实验中常用的梯形应力加载脉冲,建立了相应的偏微分方程初边值问题的求解模型,并运用 Laplace变换方法研究了脉冲在杆中传播的几何弥散现象;根据留数定理进行 Laplace反变换,给出了杆中不同位置和时刻的应力波的级数形式解析解,分析了计算项数对结果收敛性的影响;将解析计算结果与采用三维有限元数值模拟的计算结果进行对比,两者吻合程度良好,从而证明 Rayleigh-Love横向惯性修正理论可以有效地表征典型 Hopkinson杆实验中的几何弥散效应.在此基础上围绕梯形加载脉冲的弥散效应进行参数研究,定量描述了传播距离、泊松比、脉冲斜率等参数的影响.本文给出的 Rayleigh-Love杆在梯形加载条件下的解析解,揭示了几何弥散效应的本质规律,可以用于实际实验的弥散修正过程.      

Torsion of an elastic rod whose cross-section is a parallelogram,trapezoid, or triangle,or has an arbitrary shape by the method of transformation to a rectangular domain

A coordinate transformation is used to take the domain of the rod cross-section to a rectangular domain for which the spectra of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are known. The torsion function is represented as a generalized Fourier series to reduce the problem to solving a closed linear system of algebraic equations for the expansion coefficients. It is shown that these Fourier series converge absolutely, because the expansion coefficients decrease by a cubic law depending on the term number. We prove that the approximate solution in the form of a finite sum of the Fourier series converges to the exact solution. This theorem is generalized to the case of a rod cross-section of arbitrary shape.     

密度梯度柱壳链的弹性波传播特性研究

均匀圆柱壳链可以调控弹性波传播,引入密度梯度有望进一步提高波形调控能力.通过建立密度梯度柱壳链的细观有限元模型和连续介质模型,研究了密度梯度柱壳链的弹性波传播特性.通过将密度梯度柱壳链等效为变密度连续介质弹性杆,建立了其在应力脉冲作用下的控制方程.运用拉普拉斯积分变换方法,考虑杆中密度遵循线性分布,获得了方程的解析解.以三角形应力脉冲作用为例,通过与细观有限元模拟结果比较,发现解析解可以较好地预测梯度柱壳链中载荷的演化趋势.正梯度链中载荷峰值随着波传播逐渐增大,负梯度链中载荷峰值随着波传播逐渐减小.正梯度链支撑端峰值载荷高于均匀链,负梯度链支撑端峰值载荷低于均匀链,这表明相较于均匀柱壳链,密度梯度柱壳链可以在更大范围内对波形进行调控.线性密度梯度参数对梯度柱壳链的波形调控能力影响较大,梯度参数越小,传递到支撑端的峰值载荷越小;相反,梯度参数越大,支撑端的峰值载荷越大.建立的理论模型及其解析解为研究梯度柱壳链中应力波传播规律及揭示载荷调控机理提供了理论基础.     

Two-dimensional nonstationary problem of elastic diffusion for an isotropic one-component layer

A locally equilibrium model of mechanodiffusion which comprises a coupled system of motion equations for an elastic body and a mass transfer equation is used to solve the two-dimensional nonstationary problem of elastic diffusion for an isotropic one-component layer. The solution is constructed using Fourier series, Laplace time transforms, and Fourier transforms for the spatial coordinate. The Laplace transform originals are found analytically, and the Fourier transforms are inverted by quadrature formulas.     

无网格方法在平面粘弹性力学问题中的应用

本文综合应用无网格方法(EFGM)、线性粘弹性与弹性力学之间的对应原理,Laplace变换和逆变换等方法求解了拟静态平面弹性和粘弹性力学问题。首先,利用Laplace变换和逆变换推导了平面问题的粘弹性本构关系,建立了拟静态粘弹性平面问题的边值问题;其次,利用粘弹性与弹性力学之间的对应原理得到了Laplace变换域中平面问题的基本方程,在Laplace变换域中建立了相应的泛函,并得到了用无网格方法离散的控制方程;同时,求解了几个拟静态弹性和粘弹性平面问题,给出了它们的表达式和数值结果;最后,采用Laplace逆变换和数值逆变换,得到了粘弹性力学平面问题在物理空间中的解,并比较了由解析解和无网格数值方法所得到的数值结果,可以看到它们是非常吻合的。说明本文方法的正确性和有效性。     

Dynamic response of a pile embedded in elastic half space subjected to harmonic vertical loading

An analytical method is developed to investigate the dynamic response of a pile subjected to harmonic vertical loading.The pile is modeled as a one-dimensional(1D)elastic rod.The elastic soil is divided into a homogeneous half space underlying the base of pile and a series of infinitesimally thin layers along the vertical shaft of pile.The analytical solution for the soil-pile dynamic interaction problem is obtained by the method of Hankel transformation.The proposed solution is compared with the classical plane strain solution.Arithmetical examples are presented to demonstrate the sensitivity of the vertical impedance of the pile to relevant parameters.     

基于三维弹性杆模型的DNA拉伸响应的研究

通过Young-Laplace方程将界面张力引入Kirchhoff方程,并结合Gibbs与Langmuir吸附方程建立了受溶液浓度影响的三维DNA弹性杆模型。基于此模型,引入DNA端部的边界条件,运用打靶法来模拟计算溶液中的DNA链段受端部拉力作用下的几何构型。进一步分析了在界面能与弹性应变能的耦合作用下,DNA链段平衡构型的形状与尺寸的变化规律。     

Vibration analysis of a rod with complex boundary conditions

This paper deals with the forced longitudinal vibration of a rod carrying a concentrated mass and supported by a spring at one end. The vibration of the rod is excited by the motion of the support point at the other end. Since the boundary conditions of the problem are complex and it is necessary to consider the damping, we determine only the steady state periodic solution. First the linear system is analysed; then the material nonlinearity is considered and the approximate analytic solution of nonlinear partial differential equation with nonlinear boundary conditions is obtained by the perturbation method.     

Asymptotic solution of the problem of the action of a stamp on an elastic layer lying on the surface of a compressible fluid of infinite depth

This paper considers a two-dimensional linear unsteady problem of rigid-stamp indentation on an elastic layer of finite thickness lying on the surface of a compressible fluid of infinite depth. The Lamé equations holds for the elastic layer, and the wave equation for the fluid velocity potential. Using the Laplace and Fourier transforms, the problem is reduced to determining the contact stresses under the stamp from the solution of an integral equation of the first kind, whose kernel has a logarithmic singularity. An asymptotic solution of the problem is constructed for large times of interaction. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 131–142, March–April, 2008.     

THE MIXED STATE HAMILTONIAN DYNAMIC ELEMENT AND A SEMI-ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THICK LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES

Through introducing the Laplace transformation in the time direction,the mixed state Hamilton canonical equation and a semi-analytical solution arepresented for analyzing the dynamic response of laminated composite plates.Thismethod accounts for the separation of variables,the finite element discretization can beemployed in the plane of laminar,and the exact solution in the thickness direction isderived by the state space control method.To apply the transfer matrix method,therelational expression at the top and bottom surface is established.So the generalsolution in transformation space is deduced by the spot method.By the application ofinversion of Laplace transformation,the transient displacements and stresses can bederived.     

Dynamics of a truncated elastic cone

The problem of determining the nonstationary wave field of an elastic truncated cone with nonzero dead weight is formulated in terms of wave functions. The Laplace transform with respect to time and an integral transform with respect to time polar angle are used to reduce the problem to a one-dimensional vector problem in the transform domain. The transforms of the wave functions are expanded into series in inverse powers of the Laplace transform parameter, which makes it possible to study the wave process at the initial instants of interaction. A method is proposed to solve the problem for an elastic cone doubly truncated by spherical surfaces     

Concavity techniques with application to shock problems

The problem of the impact of a point mass on the end of an elastic straight rod which is clamped at the other end, can be studied with the aid of a Concavity Method.The motion of the system is described by the behaviour of a positive function on the solution.This technique can be extended to more complicate cases, for instance to the case in which the material of the rod is non-linear elastic or viscoelastic.

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Zusammenfassung Das problem des Stosses einer Punktmasse auf das eine Ende eines elastischen geraden Stabes, an dem anderen Ende eingespannt ist, kann mit Hilfe einer Konkavitäts-Methode untersucht werden.Die Bewegung des Systems wird beschrieben durch das Verhalten einer positiven Funktion auf der Lösung.Diese Technik lässt sich auf kompliziertere Fälle übertragen, z.B. wenn das Material, aus dem der Stab besteht, nicht linear-elastisch oder visko-elastisch ist.

     

Interaction between a submerged evacuated cylindrical shell and a shock wave—Part II: Numerical aspects of the solution

The interaction between a submerged elastic circular cylindrical shell and an external shock wave is addressed. A linear, two-dimensional formulation of the problem is considered. A semi-analytical solution is obtained using a combination of the classical analytical approach based on the use of the Laplace transform and separation of variables, and finite difference methodology. The study consists of two parts. Part I focuses on the simulation and analysis of the acoustic fields induced during the interaction. Both the diffraction (absolutely rigid cylinder) and complete diffraction–radiation (elastic shell) are considered. Special attention is paid to the lower-magnitude shell-induced waves representing radiation by the elastic waves circumnavigating the shell. The focus of Part II is on the numerical analysis of the solution. The convergence of the series solution and finite-difference scheme is analysed. The computation of the response functions of the problem is discussed as well, as is the effect of the bending stiffness on the acoustic field. The membrane model of the shell is considered to analyse such effect, which, in combination with the models addressed in Part I, allows for the analysis of the evolution of the acoustic field around the structure as its elastic properties change from an absolutely rigid cylinder to a membrane. The results of the numerical simulations are compared to available experimental data, and a good agreement is observed.     

Rotation of a rod system containing inertial fluid flow

This paper considers a rod system for which it is possible to correctly formulate and solve the problem of three-dimensional motion in the physical space of an elastic pipeline area containing inertial incompressible fluid flow. The precession of the axis of an elastic pipeline along which inertial incompressible fluid flows is described, a physical phenomenon which has not been previously studied. With the use of rigid body dynamics, it was theoretically established that a three-dimensional dynamic process is possible in an open (exchanging mass with the environment) elastic-inertial rod system.     

Interaction of plane nonstationary waves with a thin elastic inclusion under smooth contact conditions

We solve the problem of determining the stress state near a thin elastic inclusion in the form of a strip of finite width in an unbounded elastic body (matrix) with plane nonstationary waves propagating through it and with the forces exerted by the ambient medium taken into account. We assume that the matrix is in the plane strain state, and the smooth contact conditions are realized on both sides of the inclusion. The method for solving this problem consists in using the integral Laplace transform with respect to time and in representing the stress and displacement images in terms of the discontinuous solution of Lamé equations in the case of plane strain. As a result, the initial problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations for the transforms of the unknown stress and displacement jumps. To invert the Laplace transform, we use a numerical method based on replacing the Mellin integral by the Fourier series. As a result, we obtain approximate formulas for calculating the stress intensity factors (SIF) for the inclusion, which are used to study the SIF time-dependence and its influence on the values of the inclusion rigidity. We also studied the possibility of considering the inclusions of higher rigidity as absolutely rigid inclusions.     

General solution for dynamical problem of infinite beam on an elastic foundation

Based on the theory of Euler-Bernoulli beam and Winkler assumption for elasticfoundation,a mathematical model is presented.By using Fourier transformation for spacevariable,Laplace transformation for time variable and convolution theorem for theirinverse transformations,a general solution for dynamical problem of infinite beam on anelastic foundation is obtained.Finally,the cases of free vibration,impulsive response andmoving load are also discussed.     

Problem of the impact interaction of an elastic rod with a Uflyand-Mindlin plate

Conclusions A problem on the impact of an elastic rod of circular cross-section onto an Uflyand-Mindlin isotropic elastic plate is considered. The radial method, which allows construction of an approximate solution behind fronts of discontinuity surfaces up to the boundary of the contact region by means of segments of power series with variable coefficients, is used as a method of solution. It is, however, established that segments of radial series are not uniformly suitable throughout the region of existence of wave motion. A method of multiple scales is used for their regularization. The method, based on asymtotics of the radial series, permits construction of a uniformly suitable expansion containing a smaller number of terms than segments of radial series, but equal to them in accuracy.Voronezh Structural Engineering Institute, Russia. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 39–46, February, 1993.     

求解饱和半空间上弹性圆板固结沉降的积分方程

本文采用解析方法分析了弹性圆板在饮和半空间上的固结沉降。考虑弹性圆板与饮和半空间的接触面上无摩擦力,且饱和半空间表面为全部透水的。运用Ｂｉｏｔ固结理论和积分方程技术,在Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换域上建立了弹性圆板固结沉降的对偶积分方程,并化此对偶积分方程为第二类Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ积分方程。通过对其核函数的有效数值发得到第二类Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ积分方程的解,再利用Ｌａｐａｃｅ反演技术获得弹性板在时间域中的固结沉     

On the optimal shape of compressed rotating rod with shear and extensibility

In this paper, the optimal shape of a compressed rotating rod which maintains stability against buckling is presented. In the rod modeling, extensibility along the rod axis and shear stress is taken into account. Using Pontryagin's maximum principle, the optimization problem is formulated with a fourth order boundary value problem. The optimally shaped compressed rotating (fixed-free) rod has a finite cross-sectional area on the free end. This shape is qualitatively different from that suggested by the Bernoulli-Euler theory with zero cross-sectional area on the free end. In addition, the Bernoulli-Euler theory overestimates the buckling load, and this effect is more significant in the optimally shaped rod than for the corresponding constant cross-sectional rod consisting of the same material volume and length. In order to show this effect, it is necessary to use a generalized constitutive model which takes real material properties, such as axial extensibility and shear stress into account. Particularly, the solution of this generalized problem, obtained for thin rods, approaches the classical solution predicted by the Bernoulli-Euler theory.